فهرست مطالب siavash golzarianpour

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between liquidity, funds resources, and risk-taking in Iran's banking industry with evidence from banks admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population studied in this research included banks admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2019, selected and tested using systematic sampling. The statistical sample of the research consisted of 24 banks. The research method was one of survey descriptive. As such, correlation analysis method and multivariate regression model were used to test the hypotheses and estimate the model. Also, Excel and SPSS software were used for the tests related to the research hypotheses and EViews was used for the estimation calculations of the current research models. In general, the results of the first regression model test showed that apart from the variables of loan-to-total-asset ratio, equity-to-total-asset ratio, and deposit-to-total-asset ratio, other independent variables of the model have a significant effect on liquidity creation power. The results of the second regression model test revealed that apart from the variables of deposit-to-total-asset ratio and bank profit margin, other independent variables of the model have a significant effect on the bank's risk-weighted asset ratio. The results of the third regression model test showed that apart from the variables of loan-to-total-asset ratio, equity-to-total-asset ratio and deposit-to-total-asset ratio, other independent variables of the model have a significant effect on the bank's overall risk. The test results of the fourth regression model of the research were not available due to the impossibility of empirical investigation and estimation according to the data collected in the selected time period, and no results have been presented for it. The results of the fifth regression model test also indicated that apart from the variables of GDP growth rate and interbank market operations and the ratio of deposit-to-total assets, other independent variables of the model have a significant effect on the standard deviation of stock returns.

Considering the importance of risk management in the banking industry, several studies can be found on the relationship between the effects of intellectual capital and banking risk. In some studies, it has been observed that intellectual capital affects the credit risk and insolvency risk of banks. Investigating the existence of a stable relationship between intellectual capital and banks' risk-taking is still one of the important research topics. In addition, the fact that banks are more ambiguous compared to some other industries, which can result in more risk-taking behaviors, leads to the interest of researchers to investigate the issue and the necessity of its importance. The present study examines the value-added of intellectual coefficient (VAIC) and its components on the risk-taking of banks in Iranian banking industry. Quantile regression method was used to investigate the issue and the sample was the stock market banks in Iran in the period of 2012 to 2021. The results of the study show that the VAIC in the first to fourth quantiles has a significant relationship with credit risk. Examining the components of the VAIC shows that capital employed efficiency (CEE) has an effect on insolvency risk in the second to ninth quantiles. This factor has no effect on credit risk in any of the quantiles. The human capi‏tal efficiency (HCE) has a significant relationship with credit risk in all quantiles, but it has a significant relationship with liquidity risk in the second to fifth, eighth and ninth quantiles. Regarding structural capital, the structural capital efficiency (SCE) has no significant effect on Insolvency risk, but a significant relationship has been observed between this variable and credit risk in the first to fifth quantiles.

Liquid assets are critical for banking operations. They guarantee avoiding liquidity risk and widens managerial decision options to invest in emerging profitable projects; however, holding extra liquidity entails opportunity costs. Accordingly, empirical literature does not provide a conclusive relationship between liquidity and profitability. The purpose of this research is to analyze the asymmetric effects of holding liquid assets by commercial banks on their profitability. Parallel to a detailed review of contradicting theories and empirical evidence, we have developed an econometric model to capture the nonlinear effects of liquidity on performance. The proposed model is tested for a sample of seven listed Iranian commercial banks during 2006-2018 by Arellano-Bond dynamic panel-data estimation. We found that the nonlinear relationship, if any, is not an inverse U as Bordeleau and Graham (2010) suggested. Results show a positive (holding more liquid assets increases the profitability of Iranian banks), and even an accelerating effect for liquidity, likely due to the low level of liquid assets maintained by Iranian banks.

Competition is one of the issues that economists always refer to as a solution for economic growth and optimal use of economic resources. Increasing competition and efficiency in the banking market can increase the quality and variety of banking services as well as reduce transaction costs. This is an important reason for the need to measure banking risks by considering the competition between them. In this study, for banks listed on the stock exchange, the relationship between banking competition and various types of important banking risks has been investigated. The risks in question are default risk, assets, market, capital and liquidity, which are measured as a dependent variable of their relationship with the competition index (Herfindal). The results show that banking competition has a negative and significant relationship with asset risk and a positive and significant

Humans being always search the best possible outcomes from the available facilities, reflecting the human gols to achieve higher efficiency. Efficiency can be defined such as maximizing the yield and the right use of resources. Banks, as the core of the financial system, play a key role in providing the funds for manufacturing, commercial and consumer sectors, and even the government. The emergence of banking crises in recent decades in industrialized countries, and especially in developing countries, for reasons such as deposit volatility, rising bank non-performing loans, economic recession and so on,   has disrupted financial market regulation and caused many banks to go bankrupt. Various studies show that the probability of survival varies significantly across the businesses in each industry. Many new businesses go bankrupt each year and their economic and social results reveal the need to study the variables that affect their survival. The exit of any business has led to capital outflows and can greatly hurt economic growth. The existence of every living and active enterprise, like all organizations, requires an effort to improve its status and sustainability. Banks today, especially in advanced countries, act as guidance, professional advisers, specialists in financing companies and collecting and exchanging information needed for their clients, as well as act as an economic driving engine. This has created a tight competitive environment between them. As the business environment and banks become more competitive, inefficient banks continue to operate and survive, and only highly efficiency banks can survive in the competitive environment. In Iran, because the financial system of the country is bank-based and the banking sector has a larger volume of the economy than the capital market, so it is important to evaluate the efficiency of Iranian banks, especially the cost efficiency. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of factors influencing survival on the cost effectiveness of Iranian banks. For this purpose, first by studying the theoretical foundations and statistical models, the key variables that can influence the survival of banks were identified and finally their impact on banks' cost efficiency was investigated. For this purpose, based on the CAMEL model and Logit regression technique, key and significant variables are identified on the survival of the studied banks and then their cost-effectiveness is estimated through translog function and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) technique. Finally, the relationship between the variables affecting survival and the cost effectiveness of banks is tested. The results show that improving capital adequacy increases the efficiency of banks. Capital adequacy can have a positive effect on bank cost efficiency by reducing uncertainty. Investigating the effect of Non-performing loans on bank efficiency shows that negative effect of Non-performing loans on bank efficiency is significant. This result shows that the growth of banks' non-performing loans reduces the efficiency of banks. Statistical results indicate that the liquidity coefficient is not significant on banks' cost efficiency model. The results also show that the type of ownership has a significant and negative effect on banks' cost efficiency. In other words, the state-owned banks had a negative effect on the cost efficiency of the Iranian banks. At last, the results of this study show that the growth of Non-performing loans and the reduction of capital adequacy and state ownership decrease the efficiency of Iranian banks. Policy makers for losing the banking crisis should therefore pursue policies aimed at increasing the survival of banks and reduce the growth of Non-performing loans and increase the capital adequacy ratio and move towards reducing government ownership in the banking system.

Banks are de facto deemed to be the most important financial intermediaries that may exert the fundamental and per se the crucial role in the economy of each country in toto. In this context, banks as the economic entity may pray to various aggregate macroeconomic shocks and also the endogenous and intrinsic specific particularities of each bank, Sui generis. The inflation volatility is de jure contemplated as a macroeconomic shock which may affect on the lending capacity of banks Viz–a-Viz permutation in the economic environment and accretion of uncertainty, Sine qua non. In this paper, an attempt is made to investigate the impacts of inflationary vicissitudes on the allocation of loans extended by the designated Iranian banks, Ipso facto. However, the pertinent research hypothesis specified that the inflation volatility could inflict the negative and significant impacts on the lending scheme of designated banks Pro rata. Besides, we deployed the panel data of 9 designated listed banks for the study period of 2007-2016. The results of Multivariate Regression prima facie, indicate that the volatility of inflation bears the negative and significant impacts on the allocation of resources for the banks under the study, Quid pro qua. We have also observed that the other independent variables i.e. the bank size and the Non Performing Loans (NPL) have negative effects on the bank lending scheme, A fortiori

Competition to improve the quality of service is one of the strategic and key challenges of banks. Banks providing higher quality services will achieve higher levels of customer satisfaction leading to sustainable competitive advantage.The present article seeks to measure customer evaluation of the quality of services of Bank Melli branches and also to examine the relationship between personal characteristics of customers and their evaluation. The statistical population of the study includes all natural customers of Bank Melli branches in Tehran. Using stratified random sampling, 336 customers were selected and the hypotheses were tested using confirmatory factor analysis and generalized SERVQUAL (service quality) model. Findings indicate the rejection of research hypotheses. In other words, there is no significant difference between customers' evaluations and their personal characteristics.

 Today, one of the most important problems facing the banking system of the country is the increase in non-performing loans, consequently reduction of liquidity, disruption in the allocation of resources and ultimately a decline in bank profit. This study examines the factors (such as the economic growth rate, the average interest rate and etc.) affecting lending for 17 Iran commercial banks in 1388-1395. In the study, the ratio of loans to total assets was used as the dependent variable. The independent variables are deposits ratio, capital ratio, the ratio of non-performing loan, The average interest rate on deposit and loan, bank size, inflation rate, required reserve ratio and the rate of economic growth. In addition, the statistical method and software used in this research is panel data and Eviews8 respectively. The results indicate a negative impact of NPL, liquidity ratio and average interest rate on lending and also positive impact of deposits ratio and economic growth rate. 

mersion of Non-current demands is one of the effects monetary activities of credit institutions. A phenomenon that has a negative impact on the resource and cost cycle of banks. Housing price changes is one of the most important factors affecting on delayed bank demands. The boom and stagnation of the housing sector, can be effective on the repayment ability of the received facility. In this study, using the model (Blundell and Bond, 1998), it is attempting to examine the effect of housing prices on nonperforming loans in the banking sector. For this purpose, a dynamic panel model was used for a sample of 15 banks during the period of 2005-2015 using generalized moments method. In this study, the growth rate of GDP without oil, the rate of growth of housing price changes and the unemployment rate is used as independent variables and the ratio of facilities to assets, the ratio of cost to income, the size of the bank and the proportion of facilities granted to the housing and housing sector to the total facility is used as the factors of inter banking. The results of this study shows that the growth rate of housing price changes and the growth rate of gross domestic product without oil has a negative and significant effect, and unemployment rate has a positive effect on the ratio of non-current demands to facilities.

Proper valuation of bank assets and the recognition of the factors affecting them play an important role in investment decisions and the economic stability in countries. In this research, the effect of loan growth on bank assets valuation has been studied in Iran's banking system. Estimation of bank valuation using the Tobin's q index has been taken from a subset of relative valuation models. In addition to calculating and analyzing the effect of loan growth, this paper has studied the effect of its abnormal growth. For this purpose, the panel data of the banks listed in TSE during the period of 2009 to 2015 has been investigated using the multivariate regression model. Taking into account the shared timeframe and access to information, 11 sample banks have been selected. Furthermore, some of the bank characteristics are included as control variables in the research models for more precise analysis. The results show that there is a significant negative relationship between the loan growth as well as abnormal loan growth and valuation of the selected banks in TSE.

This paper examines the relationship between financial stability and macroeconomics variables and banking concentration in Iranian banking system for the period 1385-1393 (2006-2014).
In this study, Herfindal-Hirschman index (HHI) as a concenteration index and inverted non-performing loans ratio are used to measure banking concentration and financial stability respectively. In addition, inflation rate, GDP growth rate, bank lending rate and market share are considered as macroeconomics variables. In order to estimate the relationship, a balanced dynamic panel with generalized method of moments (GMM) is used. The result indicates that the banking concentration,inflation, GDP growth rate, interest rate and market share has a statistically significant impact on non-performing loans and therefore on the Bank's financial stability.

Since the banks are important influential sections in the development of every country, it is important to evaluate their performance. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the common tools used for evaluating banks performance. The focus of this paper is mainly to evaluate the efficiency of decision making units over a specific time period. To analyze the changes in efficiency, Window DEA based on the input-oriented model is used under the assumption of non-decreasing return to scale (NDRS). This research identified the most efficient and inefficient 3rd degree branches of Bank Sepah in Mashhad during 2008 to 2013. Input included personnel costs and the total deposits attracted, and output included granted loans and the amount of gross profit of branches. Based on the results of window analysis, 6 out of 39 3rd degree branches of Bank Sepah in Mashhad had an average efficiency of 1. In addition, 70% of 3rd degree branches of Bank Sepah had efficiencies of over 0.72 and also their average efficiency was 0.78 during 6 years. It is notable to mention that 70% of these branches enjoy the efficiency of over 0.80 with an average efficiency of 0.87 in four windows.

Risk assessment is one of the main concerns of commercial banks when granting loans. Although there are several methods including financial ratios to assess the credit risk of customers, the aim of this article  is to apply several financial and performance indicators to assess legal customors credit risks. The statistical population of this study consists of 212 companies active in three industries (automotive, food and leather) during the time period of  2011-2013 which borrowed more than 1 Billion Rials from the Bank Mellat of East Azarbaijan Province. To measure the credit risk, we used the company’s efficiency along with financial ratios. Logistic regression was applied to test the hypotheses. The results show that the efficiency has highest predictive power than the other profitability ratios to forecast the default of loans. However, among the financial ratios, only company size (sales) was significant.

Selection of the currency system through various economic variables plays a significant role in the future of every society. In addition, many factors influence this choice of a country's currency. Therefore, in this paper we seek to identify and evaluate the impact of these factors on the choice of currency regime in Iran and member of OPEC.
In order to achieve experimental results, data from 1965 to 2012 related to Iran and the OPEC member countries are used and the equations are estimated by two different methods which are probit model and probit random panel model.The results indicate that the most important factor in increasing the probability of choosing a fixed currency system of these countries, is foreign reserves variable. In fact, this finding implies that whenever these countries have adequate reserves to meet its budgetary resources, exchange rate were fixed (Positive correlation between the foreign currency reserves and fixed exchange rate regime). On the other hand, whenever they’ve been faced with a shortage of foreign currency reserves, their exchange rate has been changed (Negative correlation between the foreign currency reserves and fixed exchange rate regime).

Given the trade limitations, the evaluation of its effects is necessary. Therefore, export and import functions of Iran with 84 trade partners are estimated, based on an extended gravity model with panel data (for the time period of 2001 to 2005), by the so called fixed effect method. Our findings indicate that the simultaneous reduction of Iran's and its trade partner's protection indexes will increase both export and import of Iran and the percentage increase in export is more than that of import. But the increase in import is much more than that of export, meaning that Iran’s non-oil trade balance will deteriorate. This was considered for different hypothetical but probable levels of protection index of 1 (full free trade) till 2.5 and observed that, in present situation, reduction of level of protection would worsen Iran’s non-oil trade balance.