tayebeh mohammadi

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects 0.5%–1% of children. 30%–40% of patients are resistant to current anti‑epileptic drugs. Lacosamide (LCM) appeared to be effective, safe, and well tolerated in children and adolescents. This study was aimed to evaluate whether LCM could be an effective add‑on therapy in children with refractory focal epilepsies.

This study was conducted from April 2020 to April 2021 in Imam Hossein Children Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. We included 44 children aged 6 months to 16 years with refractory focal epilepsy (based on International League Against Epilepsy criteria). LCM was given in divided doses of 2 mg/kg/day, increasing by 2 mg/kg every week. The first follow‑up visit was 6 weeks later, when all patients had reached the therapeutic dose.

The average age of the patients was 89.9 months. 72.5% of children had focal motor seizures. Evaluation of percent change in seizure frequency and duration before and after treatment showed a 53.22% reduction in seizure frequency and 43.72% reduction in seizure duration after treatment. Our study group tolerated LCM well, with few side effects. Headache, dizziness, and nausea were common side effects. In line with other studies, none of the suspected risk factors could predict response to LCM treatment.

LCM appears to be an effective, safe, and well‑tolerated medication in children with uncontrolled drug‑resistant focal epilepsy.

In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and subsequently, in vitro fertilization (IVF) for the generation of embryos in the laboratory have important values. Considering that antioxidants are known as effective free radicals scavenger, it is possible to improve the in vitro oocyte maturation and the fetal quality. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Thymbra spicata hydroalcoholic extract as a source of antioxidant on in-vitro sheep oocyte maturation. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from ewe ovaries and were cultured for 24 hours in maturation medium in TCM supplemented with FSH, LH, FBS, cysteamine, pyruvate sodium and antibiotics (control group) and in maturation medium without cysteamine (as an antioxidant) supplemented with different doses of Thymbra spicata hydroalcoholic extract (1mg/ml: group 1, 10 mg/ml: group 2, 50 mg/ml: group 3) as an antioxidant. In-vitro maturation stages and resumption of meiotic was assessed by determination of cumulus cells mass expansion and number of oocytes in metaphase II stage of meiotic division in all groups. Cumulus cells mass expansion was similar between control, 2 and 3 groups. However, in group 1 was lower than control group. Nuclear maturation was similar between control and group 3 and both of them were different with groups 1 and 2. The results of this study showed that the Thymbra spicata hydro alcoholic extract, has a positive effect on oocyte maturation that is doses dependent. So with increasing concentration of Thymbra spicata hydroalcoholic extract, the rate of maturation immature oocytes is increased. Generally, we conclude that addition of appropriate amounts of natural extracts such as Thymbra spicata to maturation medium improves oocytes maturation.

Bone tissue engineering is a progressive approach in bone tissue repair in medical science. Induction of osteogenic differentiation is a very important process for bone repair. Fibrin as a natural polymer is used in bone tissue engineering studies as a 3D cell culture scaffold. In this study, the osteogenic differentiation effects of fibrin hydrogel scaffold on mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human Wharton's jelly have been investigated.

The third passage of Wharton jelly human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) were cultured in two groups of two-dimensional culture and three-dimensional culture of fibrin hydrogel scaffold. DMEM Low-Glucose medium containing 10% FBS and 1% antibiotic was added to both groups. These cells were kept for 21 days at 37°C and 5% CO2, and their medium was changed every three days. At the end of the culture period, their osteogenic differentiation potential was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and alizarin red staining.

Mineralization was observed in the 3D culture group and was significantly reddened by alizarin red staining. Nevertheless, very few red dots were observed in the two-dimensional culture group. The activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme was measured as 140.64±4.2 in the three-dimensional culture group and 6.85±0.46 in the two-dimensional culture group, and the difference between them was significant (P≤0.001).

Fibrin hydrogel can induce differentiation of WJ-MSCs into bone cells in the absence of osteogenic factors.

Many previous studies have proved that the anatomical features of ewe cervix can affect the success of artificial insemination. These characteristics differ in sheep breeds. This study aimed to describe the anatomical features of cervix in Zandi ewes.One hundred and ninety threenonpregnant and clinically healthy reproductive tracts of adult and non-adult Zandi sheep were collected from a slaughter house and were divided into follicular or luteal phase.Then, the morphology of the vaginal protrusion of cervix was classified as slit, papilla, duckbill, flap or rose. The depth of penetration of an inseminating pipette was recorded. The cervical canal of each tract was filled with a silicone sealant for casting the mould. The cervices were sectioned longitudinally, and the length, number of cervical rings and the arrangement of the rings were recorded. The degree of completeness and interdigitations of the folds recorded as one of three grades 1, 2, and 3 cervices. The results showed the Papillatype was more common in vaginal protrusion of cervix and the most depth of penetration was in Slittype. The mean length of cervix, distance from cervix external os to first ring and the depth of penetration in adult ewes were significantly more than those in non-adult ewes. The mean distance betweencervical external osand first and second ringsand the depth of cervical penetration in follicular phase were more than those in luteal phase.The mean number of cervical ridges was 5 and 6 in 94% and 6% of cervices, respectively. Grades 1, 2, and 3 cervices, were observed in 64%, 25% and 11% of samples, respectively. The information generated in this study would be useful for increasing the success rate of penetration in ewes exhibiting estrus in order to improve the lambing rate of tropical ewes following transcervical AI.

 

This study aims to evaluate the effects of zinc sulfate on blood biochemical and hematological parameters in healthy control and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 

Experimentally, 40 rats were used in four equal groups, including healthy control, healthy feed with zinc sulfate, diabetic control, and zinc sulfate. The alloxan 120 mg/kg with blood sugar over 140-250 mg / dL was intraperitoneally injected to induce diabetes mellitus. In addition, the value of 0.6 g / L zinc sulfate dissolved in tap water was used for three months to be drunk by the treated group. All animals were killed, and blood and pancreas samples were collected for necessary tests. Serum levels of alpha-amylase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were measured. Statistical data were analyzed based on the analysis of variance using SPSS software.

Our data showed that in the diabetic control group, serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL increased significantly and hemoglobin, hematocrit, and HDL decreased significantly compared to the healthy control (P< 0.05). Zinc sulfate consumption in these groups reduces total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and increases hemoglobin and hematocrit compared to the control groups. Microscopic examination of the pancreas showed that in the diabetic control group, the percentage of Beta cells was reduced compared to the other groups.

Our findings reveal that dietary zinc sulfate not only exerts no damage to bodies but also zinc sulfate as food supplement seems to have beneficial effects on biochemical and hematological parameters in diabetic and healthy animals.
 
Keywords: Alloxan, Zinc Supplementation, Biochemical parameters, Diabetic mellitus

Water frogs are an important part of the food chain in ecosystems and natural pest control. Khuzestan province, due to climatic diversity, can be a suitable area for biosphere studies. In this regard, in the present study, the karyology of P. bedriagae was studied and the reproductive capacity was compared, along with the amplitude of male voice fluctuations in the breeding season in the northern and southern regions of Khuzestan province. Twenty-one specimens of adult swamp frogs were caught live during the spring and autumn of 1995-96 and transferred to the laboratory. Species karyology, like other reports, was n = 262 and had sex chromosomes, which were divided into two groups: 5 pairs of metacentric type and 8 pairs of sub-metacentric type. Sex x chromosomes were the largest chromosome in the group y were the smallest chromosome in the group, and both types were metacentric. In the section on comparing reproductive capacity, the populations of both sexes in the northern and southern regions had the highest reproductive capacity in spring. In addition, males with higher callus weight and diameter and also females with higher weight had higher reproductive capacity. . The amplitude of the male acoustic sounds also showed that the males of the southern regions have an average intensity and amplitude of more sounds than the males of the northern regions.

The water frog (P. bedriagae) is considered as an important part of the food network balance in most ecosystems, it is affected by many environmental stresses and the distribution of its populations is strongly dependent on ecological factors. In this study, extensive sampling of swamp frog populations in the northern and southern parts of Khuzestan province was performed and the analysis of changes in morphological traits under the influence of geographical separation was performed. The results showed the presence of sexual morphology between morphological traits (T-test, ANOVA). In addition, the results of MANOVA and T2 Hotelling test showed demographic separation between males and the absence of demographic separation in females in the northern and southern regions. To prove such a difference, multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. According to the results of the test, the male populations were divided into two separate groups, while in the female populations only a few were scattered and the rest formed a single group. Finally, the cluster analysis of the studied populations was divided into two groups based on morphometric traits, the population of Shush region and the population of the southern regions and parts of the northern regions. According to the results, despite the two morphologies and demographic separation in males based on morphological traits, demographic separation was not fully confirmed. Thus, despite the geographical separation of the populations of the two northern and southern regions of Khuzestan province, they still show a single population in terms of morphological traits.

The city of Ahvaz is considered the most polluted city in the world by blowing dust from neighboring countries which makes this study important. The results show that the smaller the particles, the more permeable they become and pass through the respiratory filters and causing disease. In this study, the effect of fine particulate matters in different cities of Khuzestan province of Iran was compared on the liver histology and oxidative stress enzymes of male rats. 30 adult male rats were divided into six equal groups including control, Ahvaz, Ramhormoz, Andimeshk, Abadan, and Susangard which were treated for two months. The results of serum oxidative stress enzyme activity increased only for the glutathione peroxidase in Ramhormoz and Abadan groups. The histological examination of liver revealed bleeding, mild hyperemia, and changes in hepatocyte cells. The nuclear area in central vein region, hepatocyte area in portal, and vein regions showed significant changes. Moreover, kupffer cell number of the portal region significantly increased in Ahvaz, Abadan, and Andimeshk groups. Therefore, due to different heavy metals composition, fine dusts have different effects on blood and liver parameters which depend on their amount and duration of exposure.

The Marsh frog, Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas) is distributed in Central Europe from northeastern France, north to the southern shorelines of the Baltic Sea (and extreme southern Finland), south to northeastern Spain, northern Italy and the Balkans including eastern Greece, east to approximately 81° E in Asiatic Russia, and south to western Iran and Afghanistan. The present study has been conducted on populations of P. ridibundus in the northern, eastern and southern regions of the Shadegan Wetland of Khuzestan Province, Iran with the aim of examining some aspects of its morphology and karyotype. Frog specimens were collected from different portions of the Shadegan Wetland during spring and autumn 2016 and transferred to the laboratory. According to the morphological results, three color patterns are identified among the samples in terms of the morphology, morphometry and sex - according to the sex independency test. T-test results between males and females indicate a significant difference in all traits and the results of a T2 Hotelling test show that there is sexual dimorphism between males and females. However, the results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) illustrate a separation between males of the northern region and the two other regions, and no differentiation between females in the eastern and southern regions of the wetland. The karyotype of the species in the wetland included 2n= 26, one pair of which had a sex chromosome.

Amphibians were the most primordial vertebrates and the first vertebrates which came to live in land. Pelophylax bedriagae, clades that include north western and southwestern populations forms a monophyletic group along with samples from Turkey. The present study was conducted in northern parts of Khuzestan Province with the aim of evaluating the characteristics of morphology, morphometry, reproductive characteristics and skin texture study. For this purpose, 50 frog samples were collected from northern parts of Khuzestan province during the spring and autumn, and were transported to the laboratory. After specification, morphological traits and morphometric characteristics were investigated. According to the results of morphology, 3 types of pouring were identified among the samples and according to the gender independentness test, polymorphic traits and gender traits were independent. Moreover, 10 traits were evaluated for each morphometric sample. The results of T-test between male and female showed that there was a significant difference in all traits, except for hip length and arm length. As for the results of the T2 Hotelling test suggests sexual dimorphism between males and females. However, the results of multivariate analysis of variance showed the segregation of the population in male gender and the non-separation of the population in the female sex. In reproductive reproductive performance, the highest breeding power for both sexes was observed in spring. Examinations on the structure of the skin in the two regions of the back and abdomen indicated although there were epidermis and dermal surfaces in both areas, collagen fibers were thinner on the abdominal surface than the back surface.

Amphibian are the first resident vertebrates in dry habitats that have retained their dependency to aqueous habitats and adapted to this type of life. Different habitats affect skin structure and reproductive potential of amphibians. The aim of this study was comparison of skin histology and reproductive potential of marsh frog affected by geographical separation (the city as a geographical barrier) in the northern and southern regions of Khuzestan. 24 mature adult frogs were trapped and transferred to the laboratory. After identification of the target species based on the characteristics of the index, the samples were euthanized to get tissue samples. Histological sections wereprepared. In order to evaluate the reproductive characteristics, the gonadal index in males and the degree of assimilation were calculated in females. Regarding two determinant factors, the northern and southern regions of Khuzestan province, as well as back and abdominal surfaces, there was a significant difference in all measured histometric parameters (P<0.05). Differences in histometric parameters were influenced by the environmental and ecological factors. Also, based on studies, these kinds of determinants can be useful in determining the type of skin glands in different species. In comparison of reproductive potential, both sexes in the northern and southern regions have the highest reproductive capacity in spring,and male subjects with the weight and diameter of the pins, and also the subjects of the material with more weight, they had more reproductive capacity. Therefore, the spawning season of the species began in late March and peaked in the middle of the spring.

Hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus are two incident human diseases that occur simultaneously in frequent cases. There are conflicting reports regarding hypothyroid effect on blood glucose and insulin levels. In the present study by caring glucose tolerance test, measuring fasting insulin level and assessing histological alterations in Langerhans islets of experimentally hypothyroid rats, we investigated if hypothyroidism can induce diabetes mellitus?

In the present study, twenty male wistar rats were divided into two groups of control and hypothyroid. In order to induce hypothyroidism, this group was drank tap water containing 0.02% PTU (propylthiouracil) and the control group was given tap water. At five weeks of experiment glucose tolerance test was performed and three weeks later blood samples were prepared for T4, T3, TSH and Insulin hormones measurement. The pancreas tissue then extracted for histological assessment.

Our results indicate that 5 week consumption of 0.02% PTU does not affect glucose tolerance test significantly while 8 week consumption decrease hormones levels of T3, T4 and insulin and increase TSH significantly (p<0.01). Histological findings show no changes in Langerhans architecture in hypothyroid rats contrast to control group.

Based on our findings we can conclude that hypothyroid disease through unknown mechanism decreases insulin level significantly and it can lead to histological changes in Langerhans islets and consequently to prevalence of diabetes mellitus.

Skeletocronology is a reliable method for estimating the age but in amphibians little researches have been done in this field. In the present study, for the first time in the country of Iran, the age structure of the population, growth pattern and reproductive primary age were studied in the populations of marsh frog in the northern and southern regions of Khuzestan province. For this purpose, 20 female and male marsh frog samples were fished alive in the Khuzestan province and transferred to the laboratory. After biometric studies, the specimens were prepared and after the removal of the bones of the limbs, bone samples were passaged as routine histotechnique. The number of growth stop lines and samples age were determined. In order to determine the relationship between age and body weight, body length and age with eye lens weight, the data was analyzed statistically. the maximum number of loops counted in this population is . The adult age of males of northern and southern, males of the northern and males of the southern regions was determined 2,2 and 3 years respectively. with increasing age of females, the co-integration rate of females was reduced which is explainable by the reduction in bioavailability due to the increase in biological age. According to the results, there was a significant correlation between age of animals with body and  eye lens weight, but there was no significant correlation between age of  animals with body length, except a limited number of males in northern regions (P<0.05) There was.

There are few methods for cell labeling in basic studies of cell-migration, tissue engineering, and cell therapy. Recent progress in cell trackers has led to an increasing number of clinical trials involving the treatment of various diseases based on cell transplantation. In this study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of DiI as a cell labeling dye on the viability and proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). MEFs were divided into two groups of control and experimental (treated with Dil dye). We treated MEFs with three concentrations of the dye and after 1, 5, 7 and 14 days, these cells were analyzed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Also, the stability of the dye in treated MEFs was examined by immunofluorescence. Our results showed that cell viability was significantly different between the groups that received Dil at the concentrations of 1 and 2 µg/mL and the control group. However, cell viability was not significantly different between the group that received Dil (0.5 µg/mL) and the control group. Therefore, Dil at concentrations higher than 0.5 µg/mL was toxic for MEFs. We suggest that Dil dye, which is concentration-dependent, can be used as a safe and stable fluorescent dye for cell labeling both in-vivo and in-vitro.

The close physiological and biochemical relationships between insulin/thyroid hormones and intermediary metabolism, as well as hepatic homeostasis, are well documented. Apart from significant changes in thyroid hormones levels and altered insulin secretion or resistance, there is no consistency regarding the presence of hepatic storage diseases and fatty liver in hypothyroid patients. The main objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of experimental hypothyroidism on insulin level and histological alterations in the liver such as changes in lipid and glycogen reservoirs. In this study, 20 adult male Wistar rats were assigned to two similar groups including control and hypothyroid. Experimental hypothyroidism was induced by 0.02% propylthiouracil (PTU) administered to rats via drinking water for two months. The rates were then killed and blood samples were assayed for TSH, T4, T3, insulin hormones, and lipid profile. The left lobes of rats’ livers were also used for the histological study. Our results indicated that the two-month administration of 0.02% PTU induced mild hypothyroidism associated with about a 50% reduction in the insulin level. The examination of liver samples showed that there were no significant changes in the overall architecture of liver tissue as compared to normal controls; that is, hepatocytes morphology, appearance, and position of the core, as well as glycogen content, were the same. The main finding of the current work was that in the hypothyroid group, the mild steatosis was accompanied by dyslipidemia. Based on our findings, a two-month administration of 0.02% PTU induces mild hypothyroidism in rates associated with a 50% decrease in the insulin level and mild steatosis in liver hepatocytes. This condition in long period may predispose hypothyroid individuals to develop diabetes mellitus and fatty liver simultaneously.

It is a continuing effort to develop new anticancer drugs. It has been reported that albendazole has antiproliferative effects on several tumor cell lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the killing effect of albendazole on HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells.
Cultured HT-29 cells were treated with albendazole in 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/ml concentrations for 1, 3 and 5 days. Cellular viability and proliferation were evaluated by MTT and Trypan blue assays at determined days after treatment.
The comparison of cells count and viability in control group and treated groups with albendazole at different concentrations showed significant differences in days 1, 3 and 5.
Albendazole can suppress HT-29 cells proliferation and induces cell death in a dose and time dependent manner

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related death. Ginger is an edible and medicinal plant having important health benefits including anticancer activity. The aim of this study was evaluation and comparison of the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger on lung cancer cells and normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Human lung cancer cell line A459 and normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of ginger extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The MTT assay was used to determine cell viability. Ginger extract in concentrations of 1800 and 2000 µg/ml had killed both of cells at 72 hours after treatment and caused morphological changes in cells which were more obviously in cancer cells. Ginger extract in concentrations of 1000, 1200, 1400, 1800 and 2000 µg/ml killed cancer cells more than embryonic cells(P

Human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells are one of the valuable sources for cell therapy and tissue engineering, and for these purposes, it is necessary to proliferate them in culture medium. Culture medium imposes oxidative stress on cells. Vitamin C (vit C) is a potent antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vit C on proliferation and differentiation of these cells.
After isolation and culture of cells from umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly, cells of third passage culture, were treated with different concentrations of vit C in five groups, including: 1- without vit C, 2- supplemented medium with 5µM of vit C; 3- supplemented medium with 50µM of vit C; 4- supplemented medium with 250, and 5- supplemented medium with 500µM of vit C. The treatment period was 9days. Cellular bioviability was assessed by MTT assay, and their differentiation potential was assessed by osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation inducer medium and histochemical staining.
In this study, vit C with concentration of 250µM increased cellular bioviability, while other concentrations decreased it (p≤0.05). Also, 50µM concentration improved osteogenic differentiation; while, in terms of adipogenic differentiation, it could just uniform dispersion of lipid droplets with 50 µM concentration.
The results of this study showed that an appropriate concentration of vit C can increase the viability of Wharton’s jelly and affect osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner.

Head and neck cell carcinoma cell lines (HN-5) are considered as an appropriate preclinical model for new therapeutic purposes for this type of cancer. Unlike other cancers, Various primary and metastatic HN5 cell lines are available. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effect of nano zinc oxide (ZnO) on viability of malignant HN5 cell line.
In this experimental study, HN5 cell line was cultured in DMEM medium (containing 10% FBS and penicillin/streptomycin) at 37°C. Then, the effect of different concentrations of ZnO on these cells, were assessed by MTT and DAPI staining. The results were evaluated with completely randomized block design ANOVA.
In this study, some concentrations of ZnO were effective in cytotoxicity of HN5 cancer cells. Also, 300μg/ml was the concentration of the studied compound that reduced the highest percentage of cell viability.
The results of this study showed that ZnO has ability to induce cytotoxicity in HN5 cancer cell line in higher concentrations (about 300µg/ml), that these findings These findings provide a new perspective on the use nanoparticles in the cancer chemotherapy.

Cancer is a main health problem worldwide and the number of cancer patients is increasing annually. Cancer treatment needs new anticancer medicines because of drug resistance. Rosemary is one of the herbal medicines which its anti-cancer effects have been reported. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate rosemary extract effect on HN5 cancer cells viability in comparison with neuronal progenitor cells(NPCs). NPCs were obtained from 17 days pregnant mice by enzymatic digestion method. These cells and HN5 cells were treated with 50, 100, 200 and 500 µg/ml of rosemary extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Their viability was measured using MTT assay. Results showed that rosemary extract decreased HN5 cells viability in 100, 200 and 500 µg/ml concentrations which were significant in comparison with NPCs. The extract increased NPCs proliferation rate in 50 and 100 µg/ml concentration and decreased their viability in 500 µg/ml concentration. Rosemary extract can decrease cell viability as a dose and time dependent manner but this effect also depends on the cell type such as its killing effect on cancer cells was more.

Cyclophosphamide is a common chemotherapic medicine but it has toxic side effects. Different medicines are used to prevent its side effects. The aim of this study is evaluation of the protective effects of Mesna against cyclophosphamide toxicity in rat placenta tissue.
Fifteen pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (1) control (normal saline), (2) cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg), (3) cyclophosphamide (15mg/kg) and Mesna (100mg/kg). Medicines were administered intraperitoneally on the 13th day of pregnancy. Rats were sacrificed on the 20th day. The placentae were separated and floated in fixative solution. Five µm placental tissue sections were prepared and after staining generally and specially they were studied by light microscopy. Cyclophosphamide decreased placental weight and diameters (P0.05) but histologically, increased labyrinth and basal layers thickness and giant cells number (P

One of the major causes of death in the world is cancer and therefore any study in the field of cancer biology is of great importance. Head and neck cancers represent approximately 2-5% of neoplasms which is higher in some countries. The most appropriate therapy for various cancers is identifying effective and efficient ways that contribute to initiation of apoptosis. Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent that stops the replication of DNA and then, it stops the cell proliferation and viability. Therefore, cyclophosphamide is used to treat various types of cancer. In this study we evaluate the cytotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide on viability of (head and neck cancer cells) HN5 cell line and compare it with fibroblast cells as noncancerous cells.
This experimental study was done in cell and developmental laboratory in faculty of science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in Spring of 2016. HN5 cell line and embryonic fibroblast cells were grown in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin/streptomycin (100 U/ml, 100 µg/ml) at 37 °C, then the effects of different concentrations of cyclophosphamide on cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining was performed to determine the proportion of apoptotic cells by manually counting pyknotic nuclei. According to standard procedures from day 13 embryos of outbred strains naval medical research institute (NMRI), fibroblast cells were isolated. In this study HN5 cell line and fibroblasts were exposed to cytostatics for 72 hours.
Various concentrations of cyclophosphamide were effective in cytotoxicity of HN5 cancer and fibroblast cells. A significant cytotoxicity was observed with the examined concentration of 1 µg/ml of cyclophosphamide with 50% in 3th day and P Totally cyclophosphamide had low toxicity effects on both of the cell lines but the toxicity effects of cyclophosphamide on HN5 were significantly greater than fibroblast cells. These results indicate that cyclophosphamide can be a potential anticancer agent.

Background and Cyclophosphamide (Cyclo) is a common chemotherapy medicine that reduces male fertility. Various antioxidant agents have been used to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy medicines. Zinc oxide nano particles (nZno) have been introduced as a potent antioxidant. This study aimed at investigating the protective effects of nZno on testis tissue structure in Cyclo treated mice.
We conducted an experimental study in which 15 adult male mice were divided into three groups (n=5 per group) and treated for 4 weeks as: 1) control: normal saline (0.1 cc daily), 2) treatment I: Cyclo (15 mg/kg, once a week) and 3) treatment II: Cylo (15 mg/kg kg, once a week) nZno (5mg/kg, daily) intraperitoneally. Twenty four hr after the last administration of drugs, the animals were euthanized and right testes were isolated and fixed. Five-micrometer testicular tissue sections were prepared according to routine histotechnique process and were studied by light microscope.
Compared with the control group, cyclophosphamide reduced the diameter and septal epithelium thickness of the seminiferous tubuli, primary spermatocyte, spermatid, and spermatozoid (P≤0.05) while co administration of nZno with cyclophosphamide prevented these changes (P≤0.05). nZno also prevented the luminal extension and epithelial disorganization of seminiferous tubuli induced by cyclophosphamide.
nZno could prevent testicular tissue changes and reduction of spermatogenic cell counts induced by cyclophosphamide.

Human induced pluripotent cells (hiPSCs) could be established as promising new resources for obtaining differentiated cells for cell therapy. iPSCs have the potential to use as multipurpose research and clinical tools to understand model diseases, develop and screen candidate drugs, and deliver cell-replacement therapy to support regenerative medicine. Here, we demonstrated the ability of human iPSCs to differentiate into adipocyte and osteoblast fate.
In this experimental study, human iPSCs were culture-expanded. HiPSCs were then cultivated in the osteogenic and adipogenic conditions for 21 days after which differentiations were evaluated by specific staining as well as qRT-PCR analysis for related gene expression.
In osteoinductive cultures, the cells formed nodules which were positively stained red following alizarin red staining. In adipogenic cultures, the cells developed some lipid droplets which were positively stained red with oil red. According to qRT-PCR analysis, the bone-related genes including osteocalcin and osteopontin, and also the adipocyte-specific genes such as PPAR and LPL were expressed in the osteogenic and adipogenic cultures, respectively.
Taken together, hiPSCs are pluripotent cells with the ability to differentiate into osteocytic and adipocytic cell lineages.

Helicobacter pylori infection is a prevalent disease among Iranian children. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of ciprofloxacin and furazolidone on eradicating helicobacter pylori in Iranian children in combination with amoxicillin and omeprazole. In this cohort study, helicobacter pylori infection was confirmed by gastroscopy, rapid urease test or pathologic assessments. A total of 66 children were randomly enrolled; based on the random number table, and were divided into two groups; first, a combination regimen consisting of ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, and omeprazole; second, a three-medication regimen consisting of amoxicillin, furazolidone, and omeprazole. The effect of both medical regimens on the successful eradication of helicobacter pylori infection was assessed and compared. Chi-square test was used for evaluating the association between quantitative variables. All comparisons were made at the significance of P