vahid ali nejad

This article aims to examine whether, in the process of the mediatization of religion, the media plays a leading and determining role, transforming religion according to its own nature, or vice versa.

This qualitative study is conducted through library research. To this end, it will explore and compare two significant theories in media studies: technological determinism and social-religious determinism, paving the way for conclusions.

This research defends the claim that a deterministic argument regarding the relationship between religion and media is valid, asserting that it is the media that has a determining role. Finally, we will examine existing alternatives to the theory of the mediatization of religion.

A new analysis of Yervard's theory indicates that contrary to popular belief, determinism still functions and plays an important role in the relationship between media and religion.

Hemodialysis is an alternative method for treatment of renal failure. One of the most critical problems reported in dialysis patients is their low Treatment Adherence (TA). This study aimed to determine the predictive power of TA on Quality of Life (QoL) in the patients referred to Urmia teaching hospitals in 2023.

The present research is descriptive-correlational involving 200 eligible dialysis patients. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, the End-Stage Renal Disease - Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD_AQ), and the Kidney Disease Quality Of Life - Short Form (KDQOL-SF). The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0, employing both descriptive and inferential statistics, including t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and linear regression.

The mean and standard deviation of TA and QoL for the patients were 939.37 ± 122.58 (from the range of 0-1200) and 53.06 ± 4.46 (from the range of 0-100), respectively. The results of correlation tests showed that TA has a statistically significant positive correlation with QoL (r = 0.165 and p = 0.041). Linear regression results show that TA significantly impacts QoL and can be used to predict it.

The results indicated a moderate level of TA and QoL in the studied patients. Additionally, the QoL of these patients is linked to their level of TA. Therefore, improving QoL may be possible by managing the factors that affect TA through education and counseling. This approach could also help reduce disease complications, alleviate challenges these individuals face, lower the costs associated with hospitalization, and ease the financial and human burden on the healthcare system.

Nurses are among the most significant groups engaged in shift work. The challenges they face not only affect their health and contribute to various mental disorders, such as depression but also pose risks to the well-being of the patients they care for. Rumination is a cognitive process that significantly contributes to the exacerbation and maintenance of depressive symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between rumination and depression among nurses working in Intensive Care Units.

All nurses working in the intensive care units of hospitals in Urmia were included in the study through quota sampling method. Considering a potential attrition rate of 10%, a total of 385 qualified nurses were selected. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and the Pearson correlation test.

The findings indicated that the mean depression score among the nurses in this study was 33.58 ± 16.14, and the mean rumination score was 36.56 ± 14.25. There was a positive and significant correlation between rumination and depression among the nurses (P<0.05).

This study found a high prevalence of depression among nurses, which can be attributed to the challenges they face in their profession. The study also found that rumination can exacerbate depression in this group. By offering practical suggestions to help nurses manage their rumination, effective measures can be taken to alleviate their depression. It is recommended that activities such as meditation, yoga, and exercise be organized and implemented to mitigate stress and rumination while promoting relaxation among nurses.

 Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic solution, is commonly utilized in priming cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and can impact kidney function. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of mannitol use during CPB on kidney function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

 This randomized, double-blind clinical trial studied 90 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. In the control group (n=45), the prime solution included Ringer’s lactate, and in the intervention group (n=45), the prime solution had 200 ml of mannitol 20% and Ringer’s lactate. A P-value<0.05 was considered significant. The primary endpoint of this study is renal function.

 Demographic characteristics and risk factors were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of CPB time, aortic cross-clamp time, length of time connected to mechanical ventilation, 30-day mortality, ICU, and hospital stay time (P>0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in serum creatinine levels (P=0.53) or BUN levels (P=0.13). The study also found no statistically significant difference in the diuresis rate between the two groups (P=0.10).

 The present study has shown that adding mannitol to the prime has no effect on kidney function, length of time connected to mechanical ventilation, length of stay in the ICU, or 30-day mortality. Therefore, it suggests that mannitol cannot be used as a preventative strategy for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery.

One of the most crucial factors in the success of breastfeeding premature babies is breastfeeding self-efficacy. Nursing mothers should prioritize getting enough sleep and rest during the postpartum period, because breastfeeding prevents mothers from getting enough sleep and as a result often causes them to sleep less during this period. The study aimed to assess the predictive impact of sleep quality on breastfeeding self-efficacy in premature infants at Kosar Medical Education Center in Urmia in 2023.

The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional correlational study conducted on mothers of premature babies in Kosar Educational and Therapeutic Center in Urmia, Iran in 2023. One hundred and fifty mothers were selected using the convenience sampling method. Mothers who met the inclusion criteria and were in the NICU filled the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaires, a shortened version of the Dennis Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, as well as an informed consent. After data collection, descriptive statistics and central indicators including mean and standard deviation were used for statistical comparisons. Inferential statistics such as Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used to predict breastfeeding self-efficacy by sleep quality. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS software version 17.

Descriptive statistics showed that the mean sleep quality score was 2.96 ± 1.15, and the mean score of breastfeeding self-efficacy was 6.66 ± 4.25. Pearson correlation test indicated a significant inverse relationship between sleep quality and breastfeeding self-efficacy (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that sleep quality, type of delivery, and number of deliveries predict 71% of the variance in breastfeeding self-efficacy score. Sleep quality can predict about 32% of breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers of premature babies.

According to the results, there was an inverse and significant relationship between sleep quality and breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers of premature infants. This inverse relationship between sleep quality and breastfeeding self-efficacy shows that reducing sleep disturbance can have a positive effect on the breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers of premature babies. It is recommended to conduct more studies in this field and compare it with the results of the present study.

The purpose of upgrading academic degrees in universities/colleges of nursing is to improve the clinical qualification of nurses to provide specialized services. However, there are conflicting findings about the success rate of the postgraduate education system in improving the qualifications of nurses. This study was conducted with the aim of determining and comparing the clinical competence of nurses with B.Sc and M.Sc degrees working in Urmia hospitals in 2024.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 74 nurses with B.Sc and 74 with M.Sc degrees working in the Urmia hospitals in 2024. The data were collected using the questionnaire aof Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses (CIRN) developed by Liu et al. (2009) and analyzed using SPSS software ver. 22.0.

The results showed no significant difference between quantitative and qualitative variables among the B.Sc and M.Sc nurses. The mean clinical competence score for B.Sc. nurses was 137.76 ± 34.75, and for M.Sc. nurses was 153.95 ± 38.56. This mean difference was significant in all dimensions of clinical competence except for the clinical care dimension (P<0.05).

It seems that part of the goals of the relevant ministry regarding the improvement of the clinical competence of senior nursing experts have been achieved. However, due to the moderate level of qualification and the lack of significant differences in clinical care, the researcher suggests that planning and policies should focus on enriching nursing education at the master's level, including conducting comparative research and revising the training program using expert trainers.

Cardiovascular diseases are among the most important causes of death worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the trend of changes in the death rate due to cardiovascular diseases, with an emphasis on short- and long-term effective variables.

In this descriptive-analytical (time series) study, all deaths due to cardiovascular diseases registered in the health registration system of death cases by the Health Vice-Chancellor of Urmia University of Medical Sciences from 2018 to 2021 were analyzed. A total of 27,146 cases of death due to cardiovascular causes were recorded and included in our study. SPSS, Minitab, and SAS software were utilized for data analysis.

The rate of death due to cardiovascular causes in this study was 30.51% during the investigated period. The univariate time series model (ARMA 1, 2) was deemed the most suitable fit model for cardiovascular death data. Also, age and education were identified as effective factors in the rate of cardiovascular deaths.

The trend of cardiovascular deaths has not been rising. It has increased with age and lower education levels over time. This rate has been further exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Non-adherence to treatment in chronic diseases, especially in hemodialysis patients, is still a challenge that requires effective nursing interventions. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the spiritual care program on the adherence to treatment of hemodialysis patients.

This study is a two-group randomized clinical trial study with a pre-test-post-test design conducted on hemodialysis patients referred to the hemodialysis departments of Urmia City hospitals in the second half of 2023. The study comprises two groups: a control group and an intervention group, each receiving routine care. For patients in the intervention group, the spiritual care program consisted of four one-hour sessions conducted individually and twice a week after hemodialysis in a suitable room in the hemodialysis department. In order to collect data, the questionnaires of patients' demographic information and The End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD-AQ) (Kim et al., 2010) were used before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests with SPSS version 22 statistical software.

The two groups were homogeneous and not statistically significantly different regarding demographic characteristics. The mean score of patients' adherences to treatment was 678.37 ± 85.62 before the intervention in the intervention group, and it was 682.69 ± 107.62 in the control group, which had no statistically significant difference (P=0.848). After the intervention, it reached 897.97 ± 139.98 in the intervention group and 694.87 ± 104.21 in the control group. The difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.001) and improved in the intervention group.

The study's findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the spiritual care program in improving adherence to treatment among hemodialysis patients. This underscores the recommendation that nurses in hemodialysis wards focus on nursing interventions and incorporate the spiritual care program into their patient care plans.

Exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life and its continuation along with complementary foods until two years old is the safest, cheapest, and most effective method of children feeding. Despite the positive effects of exclusive breastfeeding on the health of the child and mother, most mothers do not welcome it. Determining the factors affecting the intention of exclusive breastfeeding is necessary in adopting this behavior, and in this regard, the use of theories and models of behavior change is helpful. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the predictors of exclusive breastfeeding intention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in pregnant women of Urmia city.

This descriptive cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on 200 pregnant women referring to Urmia Health Centers, Iran. The samples were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. A valid and reliable three-part questionnaire including demographic variables, knowledge, and constructs of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to collect the data. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics methods in SPSS software ver. 22.0.

The results showed a positive statistical correlation between the intention to exclusively breastfeed and the factors of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was able to predict 34.6% of the variation in behavioral intention, with subjective norms (β=0.527, p<0.01) and knowledge (β=0.136, p<0.05) being the most significant predictors.

The results confirmed the effect of subjective norms and knowledge on the exclusive breastfeeding intention of Urmia pregnant women. Therefore, these factors can be considered in educational programs to improve the health of women and children and promote exclusive breastfeeding.

Due to the fact that cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important causes of death and disability worldwide, including Iran, and considering the importance of this issue, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the distribution of heart disease risk factors and related factors in Urmia city.

The study sample included 10,000 people over 30 years of age in Urmia city, who were examined in terms of the risk of cardiovascular diseases in 2023. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select the samples. Descriptive statistics, frequency, and percentage were used to describe the findings, and data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software.

The average age of the subjects studied was 49.19 ± 13.21 years. Furthermore, 91.2% had a risk level of less than 10%, 8.2% had a risk level between 10% and 20%, and 0.3% had a risk level between 20% and 30%, and 0.3% had a risk level above 30%. The average levels of cholesterol and FBS of risk assessed people were 177.72 ± 32.6 and 99.3 ± 32, respectively. The prevalence of people with high blood pressure was 17.2%, and diabetes was 12.2%. The average waist circumference and body mass index were calculated as 91.36 ± 10.7 and 27.8 ± 4.3, respectively.

In this study, people who were at risk of heart diseases were reported to be less than 10%, which requires the use of up-to-date and efficient models to accelerate appropriate intervention for high-risk people.

The presence of a child with intellectual disability in the family can cause various psychological problems in parents. One of the variables affected by the presence of a disabled child in the family is internal stigma, which can cause or exacerbate depression in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between internal stigma and depression in mothers of children with cerebral palsy.

This study is a descriptive cross-sectional-correlational research conducted in 2023. One hundred eighty-five mothers of children with cerebral palsy who were referred to welfare and rehabilitation centers of Urmia City entered the study by convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Internal Stigma Scale for mothers of children with intellectual disability, and the Beck Depression Inventory. The study was conducted over seven months. All data were entered into IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA) and then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The mean score of internalized stigma and depression in participants was 83.33 ± 49.62 and 17.59 ± 13.53, respectively. High levels of depression were reported in 21.6% of the participants. Moreover, a significant direct linear relationship was found between internalized stigma and depression among participants (r = .47, p < .001).

The results suggest that internal stigma caused by having a child with cerebral palsy can be related to mothers’ depression. Awareness of Health officials and policymakers about this relationship can make more visible the importance of applying scientific and practical measures to change people’s attitudes in this field and, as a result, reducing the internal stigma of mothers of children with cerebral palsy.

Cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients confers a worse prognosis. The interpretation of electrocardiography can be beneficial in the early diagnosis of probable cardiac involvement. After adjusting for other variables, we sought to determine if the initial ECG on admission could add additional prognostic value. In this single-center cross-sectional study, 1165 patients with a positive COVID-19 PCR between Feb 2020 and Nov 2021 were enrolled in our study. Patients were grouped according to their admitted units, and survivors to hospital discharge or non-survivors. Predictors of ICU admission and in-hospital mortality were determined using univariate analysis and a logistic regression model. The mean age was 55.6 ± 16.2 years and 52% were male. Out of 1165 patients, 149 deaths (12.8%) were recorded during hospitalization. Sinus tachycardia was the most common dysrhythmia, followed by premature atrial and ventricular beats, sinus bradycardia, and atrial fibrillation (28.6%, 5.6%, 3.9%, and 2.1%, respectively). Age (p<0.001), sex (p=0.006), history of diabetes mellitus (p=0.002), hypertension (p=0.018), ischemic heart disease (p=0.004), and cancer (p<0.001) were more frequent among non-survivors. Among ECG findings, tachycardia, low voltage QRS, ST-T changes, and dysrhythmia were related to an increased mortality risk. However, in regression analysis, only sex (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.9, p=0.004), age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.05, p<0.001), and initial tachycardia (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03, p<0.001) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Our data suggest that initial electrocardiographic findings could be helpful in distinguishing patients with an increased risk for ICU admission or in-hospital death.

Despite advances in the treatment of heart failure, poor adherence to treatment and patient readmission still imposes a heavy burden on patients and the healthcare system by increasing the cost of treatment and care. However, half of readmissions can be prevented by improving treatment adherence in these patients. This study aimed to compare the effect of self-care education through WhatsApp social network, face-to-face training, and telephone follow-up on adherence to treatment and readmission in patients with heart failure admitted to the CCU and post-CCU wards of Fajr Maku Hospital.

In this quasi-experimental study, 90 patients with heart failure were allocated into three groups (n=30) in 2021. The instruments included demographic information, a readmission checklist, and a Modanloo Treatment Adherence Questionnaire. The face-to-face group received self-care training using the training package and the WhatsApp training group through WhatsApp messenger. The control group only received routine care. The treatment adherence questionnaire and readmission checklist were completed before and one month after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS software ver. 16.0 using paired t-test, chi-square, and ANOVA. The significance level was P<0.05.

There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of adherences to treatment between the control group and two intervention groups after the intervention (P <0.001). The results also showed that the mean scores of adherences to treatment between the two intervention groups were not statistically significant (P = 0.451) after the intervention. Self-care training in both intervention groups improved treatment adherence, whereas the mean overall score of treatment adherence in the WhatsApp group increased more than in the face-to-face group. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of readmission between the control group and the intervention groups after the intervention (P <0.001). In the control group, the frequency of readmission was 26.7% one month after discharge; it was 3.3% and 0% in the face-to-face and the WhatsApp groups, respectively, one month after the intervention.

Self-care education in two methods increases treatment adherence and reduces readmission. However, patients in the WhatsApp group followed the treatment more than those in the face-to-face group. Nursing educators and nurses should use the results of this research to better understand the role of education with virtual social networks in improving treatment adherence and reducing readmission in chronic diseases.

COVID-19 is an infectious disease that emerged as a pandemic in a short period. Pandemics are accompanied by high transmission rates and significant mortality. From a medical perspective, during all pandemics, the examination of individuals at risk due to chronic drug use or the presence of any underlying disease is crucial. The aim of this analytical-descriptive study was to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics and underlying diseases with the discharge status of the patients with COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit.

In this study, the records of 430 patients with confirmed positive PCR tests, who were hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital from March 2020 to March 2021were included using a census method. Incomplete or inaccessible records were excluded. Demographic data (gender, age, marital status, etc.) and the history of underlying diseases (blood pressure, diabetes, heart conditions, etc.) were extracted from the records. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing (t-test, chi-square) in SPSS software version 22.

Out of 430 affected patients, 257 individuals (59.8%) were male, and 173 individuals (40.2%) were female. Among the deceased, 173 individuals (63.8%) were male, and 98 individuals (36.2%) were female, and this relationship was statistically significant (P=0.016). Furthermore, the association between hypertension and diabetes with mortality was found to be statistically significant based on the test results (P<0.001).

The present study demonstrated that being male, as well as having hypertension and diabetes, are among the risk factors for both contracting and experiencing mortality due to COVID-19 infection.

Cardiovascular diseases are considered one of the most common diseases of today's societies, so that in Iran, over a million adults are suffering from this disease. The irreparable effects of this disease on the functional ability and quality of life of patients have been proven. To manage anxiety and depression caused by the disease, more effective treatments focused on the participation of the patient seem necessary. Since one of the effective ways to reduce the anxiety and depression of these patients is to teach them about the strategies to deal with their disease, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of self-care training on the level of anxiety and depression in heart failure patients.

This semi-experimental study was conducted on heart failure patients at Seyyed al-Shohdai Hospital in Urmia in 1400. The patients who were referred to the cardiac unit and CCU with the diagnosis of heart failure were selected using convenience sampling and were randomly divided into two control and intervention groups. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 software and statistical tests, t-test, chi-square, and analysis of covariance.

The mean anxiety score was different between the control and intervention groups after the intervention, and it was statistically significant (P=0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference in mean depression scores between the control and intervention groups after intervention.

The results showed that the patient's anxiety and depression were improved in the intervention group compared to the control group after the intervention. It seems that self-care education in easy language through educational books and face-to-face teaching methods can help in controlling the psychological consequences of heart failure.

Cardiovascular diseases are considered one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Given the increasing trend of heart diseases, one of the most common diagnostic and therapeutic methods that aid in the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases is coronary angiography. Patients undergoing coronary angiography report significant anxiety, and various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are employed to cope with this anxiety. Non-pharmacological methods have gained popularity due to the numerous side effects of pharmacological interventions. This study aims to compare the effects of Acupressure and Benson relaxation on the level of anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography at the Seyed Al-Shohada Teaching and Treatment Center in Urmia in 2022.

This study is a quasi-experimental study conducted on 90 patients who were candidates for coronary angiography in Urmia. The samples were selected using convenience sampling, and the participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, Benson relaxation, and Acupressure. This study used a demographic questionnaire and the Spielberger anxiety questionnaire to collect data. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS ver.22 statistical software.

The results showed a statistically significant difference in the mean anxiety scores after the intervention compared to before the intervention in both the Acupressure and Benson relaxation groups(p<0.05). However, in the control group, no statistically significant difference was observed in anxiety scores before and after the intervention (p>0.05), and after the intervention, the mean anxiety score in the two intervention groups had decreased compared to the control group.

The present study demonstrated that both Acupressure and Benson relaxation interventions can be effective in reducing the level of anxiety in candidates for angiography. Therefore, considering the positive effects of Acupressure and Benson relaxation interventions, they are recommended as methods for alleviating anxiety.

Background &

Nurses are the most important members of health care systems. Due to the nature of their job, they need to have skills that can help them in providing quality care. Emotional intelligence is a relatively stable individual ability and an essential characteristic of nursing practice. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence, job performance, and occupational stress in nurses.
Methods & Materials: The current research is a quantitative study with a descriptive cross-sectional and correlational approach conducted on 300 nurses working in educational and medical centers in Urmia City. Data collection tools included the Siberia Schering Emotional Intelligence Standard questionnaire, Paterson's Job Performance Questionnaire, and the Nursing Stress Scale (NSS). After completing the questionnaires, the data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS 20 software.

The findings showed that the mean emotional intelligence score of the nurses was 107.78, having good emotional intelligence. The mean occupational stress score was 77.10, which represents the average job stress, and the mean job performance score was 37.62, which indicated a very good job performance among the nurses. The analytical investigation confirmed a significant relationship between nurses' job performance and emotional intelligence (P=0.000) as well as occupational stress (P=0.000) in nurses.

Since emotional intelligence is considered an important skill in the nursing profession, this skill can reduce nurse's job stress and improve their job performance. Therefore, it is recommended that the policymakers and educational planners add this emotional intelligence skill education in the nursing curriculum or continue education courses to improve their skills and reduce the workload and stress, increase their performance, and finally promote quality care to patients and increase their satisfaction.

Among the critical groups providing services to patients are their family members, relatives, and friends in the breast cancer treatment process. The care provided by family caregivers effectively increases these patients' survival. On the other hand, caregiving burnout also imposes exhausting pressure on caregivers' bodies, minds, and power and negatively impacts their caring role. This study aimed to investigate the effect of patient care education delivered through WhatsApp messenger on the resilience of family caregivers of breast cancer patients in Urmia medical training centers in 2022.

This research was a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design conducted on 60 family caregivers of breast cancer patients in Urmia City. The samples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two control and test groups. Data collection tools were demographic information questionnaires and Connor Davidson's resilience questionnaire. Finally, the data was analyzed using SPSS ver.22 statistical software. The significance level was less than 0.05.

There was no significant difference in resilience mean scores between control and intervention groups before the intervention (p>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in resilience mean scores of the two groups after the intervention (p<0.05), with higher resilience mean scores in the intervention group than in the control group.

This study showed that virtual training through social networks such as WhatsApp can increase the resilience of family caregivers of people with cancer. Therefore, considering the importance of educational interventions in improving the health level of patients and their caregivers, the managers of medical centers can improve the health level of caregivers and accelerate the recovery process and the quality of life of patients by adopting strategies and an educational program and training workshops in association with training to strengthen resilience.

Depression is one of the common psychological problems in the patients with gastrointestinal cancer and can affect their quality of life and recovery process. Various psychotherapy treatments are used to reduce depression in these patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of group logotherapy based on the Frankel's logotherapy School on depression in the patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

This study was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design. The research population was all the patients with gastrointestinal cancer referred to Omid Hospital in Urmia, Iran. Among the inpatients and outpatients, 50 patients with gastrointestinal cancer who met the inclusion criteria were selected using convenience sampling. Then the patients were allocated to control and intervention groups randomly. The data collection tool in the current study was a demographic questionnaire and Beck's depression questionnaire. All meetings were held online using the Ghara software. The intervention group was randomly divided into two groups of 12 and 13 people. Ten sessions, each lasting 60-90 minutes, were held for two weeks of group logotherapy based on the Frankel's School for the patients in the intervention groups. The control group members did not receive any intervention. Beck Depression Questionnaire was completed by the participants of both groups before and at 4th and 30th days after the end of the intervention. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software.

The mean score of depression in the intervention group in the first, second, and third stages were 22.78 ± 7.24, 10.28 ± 3.832, and 11.17 ± 3.73, respectively; however, in the control group, they were 20.37 ± 7.485, 21.42 ± 6.543, and 20.47 ± 6.67, respectively. According to the results of the repeated measures analysis of variance, the mean difference between depression scores in the first, second, and third phases were statistically significant, indicating the intervention's effect on the mean depression score (P=0.003).

These results show that logotherapy based on the Frankel School can facilitate recovery of depression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Autonomy is an important and necessary factor in nursing. Autonomy in the work environment can affect various factors, including nurses' retention and commitment to the job. The present study aimed to determine the professional autonomy and its relationship with the organizational commitment of nurses working in the critical care units of Urmia educational hospitals.

This descriptive and cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on 385 nurses working in intensive care units in 2022-2023. Sampling was done by quota method, and data collection was done using demographic questionnaires, Varjus professional autonomy scale, and Porter's organizational commitment questionnaire. Independent t-test and ANOVA were used to examine the relationship between demographic variables and the components of this research, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between professional autonomy and organizational commitment.

Based on the mean and standard deviation of nurses' professional autonomy (63.57±16.62) and organizational commitment (61.12±12.34), the nurses' professional autonomy and organizational commitment in the intensive care unit were moderate. A significant positive relationship was observed between professional autonomy and organizational commitment (p < 0.05).

By promoting nurses' professional autonomy, their organizational commitment can be improved, increasing the quality of care. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt appropriate strategies and necessary policies to improve nurses' professional autonomy.

Embedding a foreign body inside the heart is considered a significant event in a person's life and causes a change in the level of control a person has over the environment and his choices. Therefore, correctly identifying the center or source of control can play an essential role in formulating strategies for the participation of these patients in useful health behaviors and adopting active coping strategies. Considering the importance of understanding the dimensions of the health locus of control and the lack of a similar study on these patients, the present study was conducted to determine the health locus of control in the patients with a permanent cardiac pacemaker who were referred to the dysrhythmia clinic of Seyed al-Shohadah Center in Urmia, Iran between 2022 and 2023.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 350 patients with permanent cardiac pacemakers referred to the dysrhythmia clinic of Seyyed al-Shohada Teaching Hospital in Urmia were selected using convenience sampling, and they completed the questionnaire. Demographic questionnaire and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) were used to collect data. This research was conducted over ten months, and all data was analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using descriptive statistics.

The results of this study showed that the highest mean scores among the dimensions of health locus of control belongs to external (28.90 ± 4.77) internal (26.03 ± 5.33) controls. Also, the lowest mean score was related to chance (17.76 ± 6.78).

It can be concluded that the center of health control of the patients with internal pacemakers is mainly from external control of powerful people. According to these patients, their health and care plan and definite consequences are controlled by medical staff, doctors, and specialists, and the patients feel that they have more prominent role in their health.

Considering that nurses are the main members in providing direct care to patients and various factors lead to a decrease in their sleep quality, therefore they need a healthy lifestyle to provide the best and most effective care services. Lifestyle includes various factors. So far, no study has investigated the simultaneous effect of several factors in the form of virtual training on the sleep quality of nurses, so in this research we intended to investigate the effect of three elements of these factors (sleep hygiene, techniques related to progressive muscle relaxation and check out aerobic sports). The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of virtual training three examples of lifestyle interventions on the quality of sleep of female nurses working in the educational and treatment centers of Urmia University of Medical Sciences.

The current research was a clinical trial with a pre-post-test design that was conducted with the participation of 60 nurses from Taleghani and Imam Khomeini Hospitals in Urmia. The study population were selected using convenience sampling method, and randomly divided into control and intervention groups (30 nurses in each group). Nurses in the intervention group received educational content related to sleep hygiene, techniques related to progressive muscle relaxation, and videos related to aerobic exercise for two months online. The nurses of the control group did not receive any intervention from the researcher. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality questionnaires and demographic information were completed before and after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS version 22 statistical software.

Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in the total mean score of the Pittsburgh sleep quality in the control group before and after the intervention (p>0.05), but there was a significant difference in the intervention group before and after the intervention (p=0.001). The mean score of the Pittsburgh sleep quality was the same between the two intervention and control groups before the intervention(p>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference between the two intervention and control groups after the intervention (p=0.001).

The findings showed that the simultaneous training of sleep hygiene, techniques related to progressive muscle relaxation, and aerobic exercises effectively increase the sleep quality of female nurses working in Taleghani Hospital and Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. Therefore, it is recommended to use lifestyle modification training programs in hospital continuous education programs, and in future researches, the effect of other things related to lifestyle on the sleep quality of nurses should be investigated.

Anxiety as a factor affecting the health of the body in the preoperative period reduces immune reactions and increases the risk of wound infection, the patient's hospitalization, and treatment costs. Communication therapy is one of the ways to reduce anxiety that creates an effective therapeutic relationship. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the effect of therapeutic communication training by role-playing to nurses on patients' anxiety before abdominal surgery in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia in 2019.

In this quasi-experimental study, nurses were selected by convenient sampling and randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups. In the intervention group, nurses were taught communication skills by role-playing in an 8-day course. No intervention was performed in control (except for routine care). Before and after the intervention, the test was performed as a pre-test and post-test using the Spielberger questionnaire. The data obtained from the research units were analyzed by SPSS 16 statistical software using Chi-square and t-test to evaluate the research results.

The results did not show a statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups in terms of state anxiety score (P = 0.698) and hidden anxiety scores (P=0.72) before the intervention. However, after training of communication skills, there was a statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups regarding state anxiety score (P = 0.006) and hidden anxiety (P=0.001).

The results showed that training communication skills in the role-playing method in nurses leads to better therapeutic communication between them and the patient, better retelling of concerns by the patient and also reducing their anxiety level before abdominal surgery. Considering the role of nurses' communication skills in reducing anxiety in patients before surgery, it is suggested that communication skills should be taught to nurses using effective educational methods, including role-playing.

Successful aging is one of the most important concepts in gerontology and is a process in which a person adjusts him/herself to adapt to the changes caused by aging and be independent. Based on a review of related literature, it seems that spiritual health and social participation can be considered as important predictors of successful aging. The present study aimed to determine the power of spiritual health and social participation in predicting successful aging among the elderly living in nursing homes.

This is a analytical cross-sectional study, in which a total of 181 elderly people living in nursing homes were recruited using stratified sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, multidimensional questionnaire of successful aging, JAREL Spiritual Well-Being Scale (JSWBS), and Social Participation Questionnaire (SPQ).

The overall mean scores of successful aging, spiritual well-being, and social participation were shown to be 139.38 ± 34.14, 78.63 ± 19.21, and 42.09 ± 13.57, respectively. Based on the results of multivariate regression analysis, spiritual well-being and social participation predicted 62.5% of the variance of the overall successful aging score (ADJ.R2 = 0.625, R2 = 0.63, R = 0.793).

The results showed that the mean score of successful aging increases as the mean scores of spiritual well-being and social participation increase.

Women gain important experiences during birthing which will remain with them throughout their lives. Fear of childbirth, both during pregnancy and after childbirth, leads to negative experiences of childbirth. On the other hand, ethnicity can play a role in increasing or decreasing pregnancy outcomes and experiences. This study aimed to compare childbirth experiences and fear of childbirth in two ethnicities, Kurdish and Turkish women, in Naqdeh.

This descriptive and analytical study was conducted on 630 pregnant women with Kurdish and Turkish ethnic groups referred to Comprehensive Health Centers in Naqd in 2021. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire, Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ) versions A and B, and Childbirth Experience questionnaire. To conduct the study, in each center the list of pregnant women is extracted by the Sib system; and then, the questionnaires were completed through telephone interviews. Completing the questionnaires were done in two stages. In the first stage, the WDEQ versions A was completed from 32-36 weeks of pregnancy in both groups. In the second stage, which was done one month after giving birth, the the WDEQ versions B was completed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software, and using descriptive statistical tests, Mann-Whitney test, paired t test, independent t test, and correlation coefficient test.

The difference in the mean score of fear of childbirth before and after delivery between two groups of Turkish and Kurdish pregnant women was statistically significant at the level of 0.05%, as the average score of fear of childbirth in Kurdish women was lower than that of Turkish women. The average score of childbirth experience in the group of Kurdish women (67.87 ± 4.26) was much higher than the group of Turkish women (55.69 ± 5.88). The average score of childbirth experience had an inverse correlation with the fear of childbirth before and after childbirth, which was significant at the error level of 0.05. The greater the fear before and after delivery, the more negative the delivery experience.

There is an inverse and significant correlation between the intensity of fear of childbirth and the experience gained from the childbirth process in primiparous women. The mean experience and fear of childbirth among Kurdish and Turkish pregnant women have differed. It seems that the experience and fear of childbirth in women is influenced by several factors such as ethnic, cultural, social, and environmental influences.