فهرست مطالب zahra moaven

Considering the changing interest of tourists towards acquiring authentic cultural experiences and the increasing importance of emerging types of tourism, such as food tourism, the present study has been conducted to design a model for the development of food tourism in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The current research is an exploratory, developmental study using a qualitative method and grounded theory approach. The statistical population consists of experts and practitioners in the country's public and private tourism sectors, of which 19 people were selected according to the rule of theoretical saturation using purposeful and snowball sampling methods, and semi-structured individual interviews have been used to gather the data needed.

After analyzing the interviews, 94 concepts (final code) were identified, which were classified into six categories: causal factors (economic factors, competitive factors and factors related to demand), central phenomenon (tangible Items and intangible Items), contextual condition (infrastructural factors and cultural factors), intervening condition (internal factors and external factors), strategies (related to products and services, related to marketing and advertising, related to infrastructure development and related to human resources) and consequences (economic, socio-cultural and competitive).

The results show that the development of food tourism in Iran should be considered from different dimensions and aspects, and it is necessary to consider all the mechanisms influencing this process in planning and policy-making.

Originality/value: 

The current research has a holistic approach to food tourism development and has investigated the effective mechanisms in developing this type of tourism from different aspects.

Religion and spirituality are the most common motivations for travel. Travelers with religious traditions are attracted to pilgrimage especially because of the need for self-knowledge and inner confidence. They look for emotional reawakening, physical and mental well-being, the realization of self-knowledge, and long life and health. Religious tourism is a multifaceted phenomenon that is created with a set of motivations. One of the most important motivations is health, and since happiness and hope have always been one of the concerns of human beings, and considering everyday problems, it can be effective in maintaining health. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between happiness and hope and spiritual health among religious tourists.

The present study is descriptive survey-based and cross-sectional in terms of the time criterion seeks to describe and identify the relationship and correlation between happiness, hope, and spiritual health among religious tourists. The statistical population of the study included all the tourists (men and women) participating in the Arbaeen Walk in the years 2019-2020 being in the age range of 18-65, who, at the time of data collection, were in Shiraz. Due to the fact that there was no exact statistics related to the participants in the Arbaeen Walk, 384 people were selected based on Morgan’s table with an error rate of 5% in the statistical population of 500,000 and above. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

The findings pointed to a significant relationship between the age and the level of the spiritual health of the respondents, and there was a significant difference between the marital status and the level of spiritual health. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the participating tourists’ happiness and spiritual health and hope and their spiritual health at the 99% confidence level.

Considering the fact that the Arbaeen Walk provides the ground for increasing the level of spiritual health, it is possible to develop plans to increase the level of happiness and hope among women and men of different ages during this event.

Considering Iran’s potential in medical tourism and being located in one of the world's most competitive health tourism regions, the present study aims to Identify and prioritize strategies for developing medical tourism in the country. The study relied on a mixed research method. In the qualitative part, solutions for Iran’s medical tourism development were identified by interviewing activists and experts. The collected data were analyzed through the thematic analysis method. This process revealed four dimensions and 18 strategies. In the quantitative part, a  questionnaire was developed, and experts in the Iranian medical tourism industry prioritized the identified dimensions and strategies. The analysis of the data through the best-worst method clarified that, from the perspective of the practitioners, dimensions of medical tourism development in Iran were: “marketing,” “applying information and communication technologies,” “human resources development,” and “reinforcing infrastructures.”

Numerous internal and external aspects of spiritual health are modifiable via intermediaries. Spiritual health is understood along with social health. In this article, the relationship between the spiritual health and social health of the religious tourists who participate in the Arba’een walk is examined to ask: Is there a correlation between the spiritual health and social health of the religious tourists who participate in the Arba’een walk? All Arba’een Walk participants made up the statistical population for this study’s descriptive-correlation method research. The sample size was calculated using Cochran’s method for an infinite population of 384 because the number of attendees at this ceremony was unknown. According to the research, the spiritual health and social health of religious tourists, as well as the categories of spiritual health—cognitive, emotional, and behavioral—and social health are significantly correlated. Additionally, there are meaningful correlations between gender and cognitive aspect, as well as between marital status and spiritual health; the higher spiritual health, the higher social health. This study discovered that the independent variable accounts for over 36% of the variance (changes) of the social health variable. Due to its characteristics, including the voluntary and optional presence of people from different social classes with varying levels of belief and faith, the Arba’een walk offers a suitable opportunity and background for developing solidarity, cohesion, and social participation, increasing prosperity and social acceptance.

This study was designed and implemented to identify the executive priorities of the 13th government in order to develop Iran's tourism industry, considering the county’s potential, the importance of the tourism industry as a tool for sustainable development, and the importance of developing appropriate programs and policies to develop and benefit from this competitive industry.Design/methodology/approach: This is an applied study that relied on a mixed research method using thematic analysis and the best-worst fuzzy method. The statistical population consists of 35 experts in the tourism industry in the qualitative part, and 13 people in the quantitative part, who were selected through purposefulsampling.

Analysis of the collected data shows that the 13th government should consider 5 main priorities for developing the tourism industry, which are, in order of importance, supportive priorities (consisting of 5 main actions), managementpriorities (consisting of 6 main actions), human resources management priorities (including 5 main actions), marketing priorities (consisting of 5 main actions), and priorities related to strengthening and developing infrastructure (including 4 main actions).

The government's attention to the executive priorities presented in the current research during planningand implementation can provide the basis for better development of the Iran's tourism industry .Originality/value: In this research, the executive priorities at the macro-national level to the development of the tourism industry have been addressed for the first time.

This study uses a mixed research framework to propose a model of ecotourism development in Iran. In the qualitative part, practitioners and experts were interviewed to extract the elements of the model, and the data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Therefore, four dimensions and 19 were detected. In the quantitative part, the dimensions and strategies were arranged into a questionnaire and were ranked by Iranian tourism experts. The results of analysis through hesitant fuzzy sets method revealed that the most important ecotourism development dimensions in Iran were “Management,” “Infrastructure development,” “Marketing,” and “Training and developing human resources.” Also, the most critical ecotourism development strategies were “marketing activities for increasing market share in ecotourism,” “diversifying Iran’s ecotourism products,” “improving roads leading to target villages for tourism,” and “increasing resilience of destinations in the face of natural disasters”, respectively.

Traditionally, one’s lifestyle is locally determined and evolves over time. However, in the 21st   century, globalization unites the world, and lifestyles and tastes around the world are being affected and changed rapidly. Identifying the effects of cultural globalization on religious tourists’ lifestyles is important for tourism demand and makes a significant contribution to the success of efforts in destination marketing. Investigating the effects of globalization on religious tourists’ lifestyles, this quantitative and survey-based research aims to answer questions about the relationship between cultural globalization and its components and lifestyles, as well as the effects of each component of cultural globalization on lifestyles. The required information was collected through questionnaires. The statistical population was composed of religious tourists between the ages of 18 to 65, who were present in the holy shrine of Hazrat Aḥmad ibn Mūsā (as) at the time of data collection, 2019. The sampling method was simple random. According to the Cochran formula, the size of the statistical sample was estimated at 384 participants. The results of the inferential statistics confirmed the relationship between cultural globalization and religious tourists’ lifestyles. Also, recreational, modern educational and cultural styles were more explanatory than other lifestyles. Therefore, according to the results, obtained at the multivariate level, components of cultural globalization explained a total of 62% of changes in recreational style, 56% of changes in modern educational style, and 32% of changes in cultural style.

Looking at the situation of the media and the press in countries where the rate of corruption is low, we can well understand the defined relationship between the role of the press and the media in the fight against corruption. Since the institutionalization of corruption in the country has caused the country to deviate from the path of development, we seek to identify different trends of corruption in the written and spoken discourses of newspapers and we want to show how this issue with ideologies. Which lies in the production of news is consistent. The four newspapers Vatan-e-Amrooz, Shargh, Etemad, and Kayhan have been used for the study, and each of these newspapers has been selected as a sample to analyze and interpret the issue of corruption based on a theoretical sample. To answer the research questions, the methods of Holliday transient system analysis were used. Through the Holliday transient system, as well as the pattern of highlighting and marginalization, we sought to analyze headlines and news headlines about corruption in each newspaper. We seek to answer the question of how each newspaper introduces the individuals, institutions, organizations and discourses involved in corruption through various techniques. The results show that the press is not neutral and impartial. Each of the newspapers represented the desired issues that were in their interests, and all the efforts of the newspapers in reflecting on corruption, highlighting the corruption attributed to the other and the other, marginalizing and ignoring the corruptions of their own discourse.

Corruption means the transformation of social relations into beneficial yet discriminatory exchanges in which general goals give way to specific goals, and status, position, relativism, and rent-seeking replace legalism, fidelity, meritocracy, and honor. In this study, we have examined the situation of corruption in the Iranian press. In this study, four newspapers, Shargh, Etemad, Kayhan, and Vatan-e Emrooz, were selected through purposive sampling. Each of the selected newspapers has a different discourse, each of which reflects a different perspective on corruption, and an attempt has been made to cover a wide range of political currents and discourses by selecting these newspapers. Four newspapers, Vatan-e Emrooz, Shargh, Etemad and Kayhan, have been used to do the work, and each of these dailies has selected a number of texts based on theoretical examples as examples to analyze and interpret the issue of corruption. In referring to each newspaper, special attention has been paid to the 90s and this period has been examined; Because the issues related to corruption have been more prominent in this period and in these newspapers than before. Using purposive sampling as well as standard sampling, only texts, reports, articles have been selected that have the most information and criteria of the researcher in the subject under study. An attempt was made to observe and preserve the diversity of the sample. To answer the research questions, “Fairclough” textual analysis methods have been used. Using Fairclough method, the role of structures in reflecting corruption and hidden ideologies has been studied linguistically and textually. According to the findings, in general, newspapers, instead of structurally examining the issue of corruption and providing solutions to solve the problem, have engaged in exposing corruption and attributing these corruptions to a period when the management of opposition discourse prevails and there is a kind of discourse in the press.

Any kind of administrative and government corruption can be a brake and a lever to disrupt all countries' important trade and economic areas. In this study, we have examined the situation of corruption in the Iranian press. In this study, we seek to answer these questions: What are the conflicting discourses in the formation and perpetuation of corruption? What groups and institutions is corruption related to? From what position or position does corruption arise? The four newspapers Vatan-e-Amrooz, Shargh, Etemad, and Kayhan have been used for reading, and from each of these newspapers, based on a theoretical sample, several texts have been selected as samples to analyze and interpret the issue of corruption. The Laclau and Mouffe frameworks have been used to answer the research questions. Based on Mufeh's framework, a model on the issue of corruption was presented to each newspaper. The top signs formed on the issue of corruption in each of the newspapers are: justice-oriented management, transparent management, diverse meritocracy management, and Islamic management, respectively. In general, newspapers, instead of structurally examining the issue of corruption and providing solutions to the problem, are more involved in exposing corruption and attributing it to the era of opposing discourse management, and there is a kind of rhetorical discourse in the press.

Considering the importance of religious tourism as one of the fastest-growing types of tourism in the world and its capacity to be used as a suitable instrument for the development of destinations enjoying religious tourism and due to the importance and necessity of identifying the factors affecting the development of this type of tourism, this study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the development of religious tourism. The results of data analysis, collected by the meta-synthesis method in this qualitative study, show that the factors affecting the development of religious tourism can be divided into two main dimensions: leading factors (with five components of economic, political/governance (managerial), sociocultural, the prerequisites/necessary infrastructures, and the driving factors of the tourist) and deterrent factors (with five components of economic, sociocultural, political /governance (managerial), environmental, and failure to meet the prerequisites and necessary infrastructures). The findings can be useful guidelines for managers and policymakers of the religious tourism industry in the state and for other researchers.

Nowadays, as one of the social organizations, media must transmit the sociocultural heritage and values of societies. Since one of the most important factors and motives of travelling is religious beliefs and feelings and since the discussion of the link between tourism and media, as one of the most important and essential issues of the present age, is closely related to the social, economic, and cultural development of societies, it is essential to study media and religious tourism. Based on surveys, this study aims to investigate the impact of media use on the tendency to religious tourism. Data was completed through the questionnaires filled in by 400 tourists who were present in the holy shrine at the time of the data collection. The results present a relationship between access to modern information and communication technologies and the tendency to religious tourism (sig: 0.000) as well as the extent of the use of mass media and the tendency to religious tourism The results also reveal that the share of new information and communication technologies in tendencies to religious tourism is more than that of the mass media.

The purpose of this research is to discover the meaning of the concept of prostitution. The methodology used to achieve this goal was qualitative. Twenty-two women who referred to the .D.I.C. House of Tehran Sun. participated in this research. They were selected using purposeful and theoretical sampling. The data were collected using deep interviewing method and with the method of field theory and according to the triple coding steps. Generally, in the process of data analysis, five concepts were created. The core category, which was obtained after combining and categorizing the categories, is the patriarchal social support system. Based on the results, with the rule of the patriarchal social support system, there is no doubt that the status of women in families is shaky and fragile. There is no doubt that by promoting the thinking of women based on men, the social benefits scene will benefit the heavy men. The governing body of the social support environment, which distributes points and opportunities patriarchally, provides psychological fields for women who seek to repair the injuries inflicted on them, As well as the attainment of relief, disappointment, and a sense of failure and revenge.

Traveling for health is one of the goals that can drive people to travel. Nowadays, pilgrimage plays a significant role in the therapy and spiritual well-being of people. Therefore, the present study aimed to study that how spiritual well-being is achieved through going on pilgrimage to holy places and how it affects all dimensions of one's life.

The current qualitative research was conducted using the ethnographic method to fulfill the purpose of the study. Data were collected by conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews with 30 female tourists. Purposive sampling was performed by referring to the pilgrimage sites in Shiraz, Iran. The collected data were analyzed based on the content analysis technique.

The results of the present study indicated that pilgrimage constitutes eight organizing themes: discovery of the existential meaning, sense of place, spiritual action, emotionalism, connection, miraculous treatment, renewal and remembrance, and purposefulness. In the end, the global theme was seeking treatment through spiritual means.

Understanding the relationship between therapy, spirituality, and spiritual well-being and sacred places can promote a different insight, helping us to provide solutions for the treatment and improvement of believers and even non-believers. Believers are in search of meaning and seek spiritual well-being. By visiting holy places, they strengthen their hope, faith, and sense of purposefulness, as well as improve their psychological and mental health. Accordingly, nowadays, most people seek spiritual therapy to restore their spiritual well-being.

Contact sex as one of human needs, over the centuries with differently shaped patterns.The aim of this study was to explore the underlying factors and reasons prostitutes.The methodology used to achieve this goal was the Grounded Theory. Twenty-two women who referred to the .D.I.C. House of Tehran Sun. participated in this research. They were selected using purposeful and theoretical sampling. The data were analyzed using deep interviewing method and analyzed using triple coding techniques. . In general, in the process of data analysis, more than 6 concepts, which are: Experience sexual harassment, Family disruption, Economic need, addiction, inherent failure, revenge and 3 categories: family factors, social backgrounds and psychological factors.

The 21st century is the century of magic of tourism, tourism is more powerful than name, reputation and reward. tourism is a social and cultural phenomenon, tourism therefore has the greatest role to play in this regard. One of the most important incentives for tourism in the world is religious and pilgrimage. In fact, religious tourists are cultural tourists traveling to pilgrimage sites, works, religious memorials and religious practices and spending their leisure time at religious centers around the world. The present study deals with the use of ethnography and the technique of thematic analysis of pilgrimage to tourists and examines the role of pilgrimage in the consolidation of cultural values. The data collection technique was collaborative observation and semi-structured interviews, and 30 participants were selected through targeted sampling based on tourism characteristics, having a travel history and gender. The study area was a number of famous pilgrimage sites in Shiraz: the shrine of Hazrat Ahmad ibn Musa , the shrine of Sayyid Alaeddin Hussein , the shrine of Imam Ali ibn Hamza . Five of the main themes were: cognition, valor, benevolent action, moral power, and self-control, which ultimately formed the general theme of spiritual excellence.

Tourism links people of different faiths and cultures together. Pilgrimage encompasses an important part of activities related to the religious tourism. What makes tourist to follow the path, travel, suffer and welcoming the risk is internal tension. This study adopted a qualitative approach to describing how women Find meaning in religious tourism. The conceptual framework, tourists Cohen has been used; the ethnographic method was used for operations. Data collection techniques was participant observation and semi-structured interviews and Practitioners elected by purposeful sampling and findings were analyzed through thematic analysis. Research community, tourism women were holy shrines in Shiraz Through in-depth interviews with 30 patients, data were collected. These findings suggest that in addition to travel outside pilgrimage, can be a spiritual journey And resulted in personal interaction between the individual and the metaphysical and the physical proximity and heart connection in an atmosphere of religious emotion and be free from any accrued and routine Which ultimately led to the search for the true meaning and the finding.Pilgrimage expresses the search for the existential cleric towards the supreme power. Pilgrimage thus helps the pilgrim to achieve inner perspective and go on a journey beyond time and space.Indeed, such a journey is an opportunity for women to separate from everyday life and to engage in deep exploration to find their own lost ones.

Introduction In Religious tourism, on the one hand, play role religious beliefs, and on the other hand, when tourists simply spend visiting religious places. Another aspect is the fact that these tourists have religious incentives to travel before they can travel. Pilgrimage is one of the examples of religious practice that has been emphasized in various religions and religions. Despite the importance of the ritual of pilgrimage and its extensive social effects in Iran, ethnography research has been very limited in this regard. Therefore, the necessity of conducting an ethnographic research on the activity of pilgrimage and providing a rich description of ritual on the one hand, and studying tourists as activists who, in addition to pilgrims, are searching for holy and blessed places, on the other hand, the necessity of doing such Explains research. Since they are the cornerstones of any society of the women of that society and play the most important roles as spouses and mothers in society, it is clear that if the community honors these roles and provides the necessary grounds for growth, prosperity and excellence It will provide them with the ultimate moral, social, and social prosperity. Therefore, this study, considering the qualitative approach, describes what is the nature of religious tourism through the phenomenon of pilgrimage to female tourists in Shiraz, and seeks to answer the general question that "the perception of religious tourists from how the pilgrimage works Is?".
Material and Methods The theoretical approach of this qualitative study was carried out using the method of ethnographic study. Direct qualitative observation, participatory observation and semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data. Sampling method in qualitative research is purposeful and the sample size depends on the level of theoretical saturation of the information collected. in this research, sample selection is done on two levels. One is to select the field of study as a "case" and another to sample from within the field. In the first stage, among the most famous visitors of the city of Shiraz, with regard to the characteristics of the most influential tourists, the shrines of Hazrat Ahmad ibn Musa, Hazrat Sayyid Alaeddin Hussein, and Imam Ali Ben Hamza was chosen. The second stage of sampling was related to entering the selected field for research, which was used in this stage of theoretical sampling. However, it is said that in qualitative studies, the sample size should not be less than 20 people. Based on this, 30 people were interviewed to collect information needed for people who had experienced travel experiences and were able to provide rich descriptions. The collected data were analyzed by thematic analysis method. After applying the appropriate code to all the text fields, the main themes, organizer themes and general themes were organized. In the subject analysis, the researcher delivers a series of basic semantic concepts and patterns with the classification and categorization of data. In order to evaluate the validity of the findings, the audit and evaluation techniques were used by the members.
Discussion and Results The age range of the participants was from 18 to 57 years old and their education was from the diploma to the doctorate. All the conversations were recorded during the interview, and then all of them were discharged. Dialogues were categorized into two levels after being deployed. The findings suggest that pilgrimage is made up of categories of beliefs, ritual life, desire for servitude, sense of sacred space, relaxation, change, and learning. On the one hand, the pilgrimage of women tourists is a rational and purposeful activity, which is both rational to achieve both the goal and the goal itself. On the other hand, it is an emotional action that results from their conscientiousness and inner life which ultimately leads to mental relaxation, proximity to God, and the presence of their hearts, and it is possible to make changes in women's insights and methods after pilgrimage,
which other Aspects also affect their lifestyle.

Going on a pilgrimage for spiritual and religious purposes is not a new phenomenon and can be considered one of the oldest tourism typologies. This form of travel is related to the task social perception, which is stronger than leisure or pleasure. The purpose of this ethnographic study was to study how spiritual well-being is achieved through pilgrimages trips.
This qualitative research was carried out using ethnographic methodology. Data collection was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 30 female tourists. Purposive sampling was conducted in pilgrimage sites in Shiraz. Participants were selected according to certain features including pilgrimage experience, gender, and sex. The data were analyzed by thematic analysis.
The results indicated that pilgrimage consisted of seven themes: relationship, spiritual relaxation, self-sacrifice, Loving others, hope and optimism, coping with problems, and excellence. Ultimately, the global theme of the social-spiritual empowerment was developed.
Nowadays, pilgrimage plays a very effective role in the spiritual and social empowerment of people such that they not only manage to reduce

Social Security has always been considered as one of the basic needs of human beings and human communities.Social capital is also considered as one of the main components that promotes security and healthy community. The present study is about to Investigate the relationship between social capital and the amount of social security among the tribes of Fars province which examines the relationship between community participation, social trust, social relationships and a sense of security. Present research is of applied method. In terms of data collection it is of descriptive-survey method and cross-section type. The sample of the current study considers all the members of Qashqaees tribe in Fars province in the summer of 2013. For the purpose of data collection a questionnaire was developed by the researcher and after confirming the validity and reliability of data, questionnaires were distributed; finally data analysis was done through the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and ANOVA test. The results showed that there is a direct correlation between the dimensions of social capital (social trust, participation and social interaction) and the amount of social security. And also there is a significant difference between marital status and social security (Sig=0.05); married people feel more secure than single people. With increasing age (Sig=0.046) and education (Sig=0.003) the amount of social security also increased. Also there is a significant difference between social security and the income of individuals (Sig=0.05).

The aim of this study is to evaluate the cultural factors associated with attitudes toward abortion. The research population consisted of six-hundred youngstersin Shiraz, ranging from 18 to 29, whowere selected randomly. The data was collected through conducting questionnaires. This study included eight hypotheses; two of which were rejected.Among the demographic variables (age, sex, and number of children), all the variables except for number of children were seen to be statistically significant in the youth attitudes towards abortion. Among the cultural variables (religious values, religious beliefs,rate of using local and foreign media, attitudes towards opposite-sex relations prior to marriage, and abortion experience of the respondents), all the variables were seen to be statistically significant except for the abortion experience of the respondents whichdid notshowa significant relationship with the dependent variable of the study. The results of multivariate regression and unvaried and multivariate testsshow that women holda more favorableattitude towards abortion than men, and religious values and religious beliefs were effective in more negative attitudes towards abortion.

Tendency to tourism is one of the most important research areas in tourism. Understanding why people travel and what factors affect behavioral tendencies in the selection of a tourism destination can help solve many of the problems facing the tourism industry. Among the factors that may influence the level of tendency to tourism andboost it is capital، which، in spite of its importance، has received little attention. In the present paper، first، the share of social and cultural capital in the tendency to tourism was analyzed، and، second، the share of these two factors was compared. It was a qualitative research with survey method. A researched-made questionnaire was conducted on a sample of 400 respondents in two sites of Persepolis and Hafezieh in Shiraz. The findings of the research indicated that there was a significant relationship between social and cultural capital and the level of tendency to tourism and its dimensions. The total direct and indirect impact of social capital was at 0. 33، which compared to 0. 29 proportion of cultural capital، it can be concluded that the social capital has a greater effect on the level of tendency to tourism.