zahra solgi

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship model of social entrepreneurship and technology literacy with the mediating role of cognitive creativity in female students.

The current research was a descriptive-correlation research of SEM structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all female students of Payam Noor University of Yazd in the academic year of 1400-1401. A sample of 300 people was selected by convenience sampling method. The questionnaires used in this research included information and communication technology literacy (Katz and McLean, 2007), Abedi's cognitive creativity (Ghanbari, 2013) and social entrepreneurship (Arab, 2015). Data were analyzed with AMOS and SPSS version 24 software and using Pearson correlation and path analysis.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between technology literacy and social entrepreneurship of students, there is a significant relationship between cognitive creativity and social entrepreneurship, and there is a significant relationship between cognitive creativity and technology literacy. Also, the results of the path analysis showed that cognitive creativity plays a mediating role in the relationship between technology literacy and social entrepreneurship of students.

The results of the present study indicate the importance of the role of cognitive creativity in relation to technological literacy and social entrepreneurship. Based on this, empowering students in connection with cognitive creativity and improving and identifying students' creativity can be the application of the results of the present research in the field of social entrepreneurship.

This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of resilience training on cognitive impairment, self-control, and the motivation to progress in male students of the first secondary school. It was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of all the male students studying in the first secondary level of Ravansar city in 2021-2022 in the number of 870 people, 30 male students were assigned in two equal groups of 15 people with regular random sampling. For the people of the experimental group, 8 weekly sessions of the resilience training program (in the form of 1-hour weekly sessions) were implemented, but the people of the control group did not receive this program. Data collection was done with Gillanders et al.'s cognitive impairment questionnaire (2014), Tangeni et al.'s (2004) self-control questionnaire, and Hermans' achievement motivation questionnaire (1970). Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics methods, statistical assumptions test and covariance analysis (multivariate and univariate) with SPSS version 26 statistical software. The results showed that in the post-test stage, there is a statistically significant difference between the average score of cognitive impairment and self-control of the subjects of the two experimental and control groups (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that in the post-test stage, the achievement motivation score improved in the experimental group. It is suggested that counselors and school administrators use the resilience training program in order to improve mental performance and also increase the motivation of students to progress.

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a self-management model of the career path of higher education graduates, focusing on new perspectives on the career path and based on mixed research, which was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the qualitative and quantitative part of the research included all entrepreneurial graduates and professors who are members of the faculty of entrepreneurship faculties of universities of a country, and in the qualitative phase, 35 of them were selected based on the principle of theoretical adequacy and using the Purposive sampling method. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the results of the qualitative phase of the research, whose validity was confirmed by using the CVR coefficient and its reliability was confirmed by calculating the inconsistency rate. Qualitative data analysis was done using thematic analysis method and Atlas.ti software, as a result of which 10 main effective factors in career self-management were identified. In the quantitative part, the model was designed in six levels using Matlab software and fuzzy interpretive structural modeling method, in which self-awareness and entrepreneurial self-confidence with the greatest power of guidance was placed as the main effective factor in self-management of the career path in the sixth level of the model.  Clarity of goals and expectations was another effective factor that was in the fifth level of the model, and physical dynamics and personal marketing were the variables that were in the fourth level of the model. In the continuation of leveling, the three variables of psychological skills, human skills and adaptation and environmental awareness were placed in the third level, academic knowledge in the second level, and cognitive and information skills in the first level of the model.

This study aimed to analyze the lived experiences of fathers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during the coronavirus pandemic and home quarantine in the first half of 2021. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive phenomenology method. At first, 16 participants were selected through purposive and convenience sampling from those who visited a counseling center under the supervision of the Kermanshah Welfare Organization. Data were saturated after semi-structured interviews with 7 participants. Data were analyzed using the seven-step method proposed by Colaizzi. Data analysis led to the identification of 4 main themes, 23 subcategories, and 98 codes. The main themes included mental state, impact on interpersonal relationships, attribution styles, and coping strategies. The findings of the study indicated that fathers of children with ADHD showed different feelings and behaviors during the coronavirus epidemic. These conditions affected different aspects of their quality of life, thinking, and satisfaction. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the development of psychological and counseling interventions and educating parents to enhance the resilience of fathers in situations of crisis

Imposter Syndrome (IS) is loosely defined as doubting your abilities and feeling like a fraud. It disproportionately affects high-achieving people, who find it difficult to accept their accomplishments.  This research was conducted in order to predict the IS in gifted students based on ego development, self-efficacy, and self-awareness.

The research was descriptive and correlational. All gifted students studying in middle schools in central Islamabad in the academic year 2020-2021 formed the statistical population of this research. For this purpose, 202 students were selected using the cluster sampling method and used the IS Questionnaire (Clans and Ames, 1978), the Ego Development Questionnaire (Markstrom et al., 1997), the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans et al., 2007), and the Spirituality Questionnaire (Donning and Parsian, 2009). The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 26 and the significance level was considered 0.05.

The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between self-efficacy and spiritual-health scores with IS in female students at the level of 0.05. Moreover, the regression analysis with the simultaneous entry method showed that the predictor variables together explained 43% of the variance of the IS scores among female students.

The findings of the present study suggest that the psychological structures under investigation can predict and explain IS in female students. The aim of developing and assembling educational programs is to improve students' self-efficacy. Therefore, school officials, community health officials, and mental health officials are encouraged to improve students' self-efficacy.

Increasing public health concerns are being raised about adolescent self-harming behaviors. The previous study indicates that childhood trauma can be related to self-harm.

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood trauma, cognitive flexibility, and cognitive distortions in predicting self-harming behaviors among female adolescents in Shahrood, Iran.

The research method was cross-sectional. The statistical population of the study included all female students in the junior high schools of Shahrood, Iran in the academic year 2022-23.  A sample of 220 female adolescents (aged 13–15) was recruited through multi-stage sampling. Participants had at least one self-harming behavior in their clinical records. The child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Cognitive Flexibility Inventory-Iranian Version, The Cognitive Distortion Scale, and Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire were completed. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression model.

The mean age of study participants was 13.70 (standard deviation=1.02), almost 73% of the samples were from 13 to 14 years old, and most students came from three- and four-member families (81%). Findings of multivariate linear regression revealed that childhood trauma (β=0.137, t=2.828) and cognitive distortions (β = 0.188, t=3.940) were positive and significant predictors of self-harming behaviors in adolescents. Moreover, Cognitive flexibility (β = -0.237, t=-4.957) was a negative and significant predictor of self-harming behaviors in adolescents.

The results of this study may have implications for increasing mental health awareness among students and school programs to prevent self-harm.

 Impaster syndrome, which has a relatively high prevalence in students, is associated with numerous social, psychological and economic consequences. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of prediction of Impaster Syndrome in female students based on psychological capital and spirituality.

 The research design was correlational. All female students of Payame Noor University in the center of Islamabad-e-Gharb made up the population of this study, out of whom 202 were selected by available sampling method, They answered Imposter, spiritualism, and psychological capital questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient and multiple regression. In this study, all ethical considerations were taken into account and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 The results showed a significant negative correlation between the total score of psychological capital (r=-0.60, P=0.014) and also each of its dimensions including self-efficacy (r=-0.21, P=0.002), optimism (r=-0.17, P=0.004), resilience (r=-0.10, P=0.004) and hope (r=-0.11, P=0.005) with Impaster syndrome in female students. There was also an inverse and significant relationship between the total score related to spiritualism (r=-0.49, P=0.008) and the dimensions of self-awareness (r=0-.10, P=0.014), spiritual beliefs (r=-0.07, P=0.016), spiritual activity (r=-0.05, P=0.022) and spiritual need (r=-0.05, P=0.013). Regression coefficients also showed that the predictor variables together explained 39% of the variance in Impaster syndrome.

 According to the results, it is suggested that more attention be paid to the role of spirituality and Islamic structures to improve the educational and psychological quality of members in educational and professional centers, besides improving psychological capital.

 Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in Iranian women. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment with meaning therapy on quality of life and sexual function in women with breast cancer.

 This study was an experimental study and the study design was a pretest-posttest study with a control group. The statistical population was all patients who refer to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah in 2020 with breast cancer. Thirty patients were selected through purposive sampling and randomly divided into three groups: acceptance and commitment with meaning therapy, meaning therapys and control group. Acceptance and commitment intervention consisted of 8 weekly sessions that were performed in groups for experiment groups. The EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life Questionnaire and Rosen Women's Sexual Function Questionnaire were used. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance and post hoc test using SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA).

 The mean (SD) of the functional scope of quality of life in acceptance and commitment group therapy increased from 34.6 (3.3) in the pre-test to 74.1 (2.2) in the post-test and in the follow-up phase 72.4 (3), which had a slight decrease (P<0.03). In the meaning therapy group, the mean (SD) of the functional scope of quality of life increased from 33.8 (2.4) in the pre-test to 41.2 (3.3) in the post-test, and in the follow-up phase 39.3 (2.1), which had a slight decrease (P<0.03). In acceptance and commitment group therapy, the mean (SD) of the scope of quality of life symptoms decreased from 69.1 (3.3) in the pre-test to 28.4 (2.8) in the post-test, and in the follow-up phase, 31.1 (2.2), which had a slight increase (P<0.013). In the meaning therapy group, the mean (SD) of the range of the scope of quality of life symptoms decreased from 63.2 (2.2) in the pre-test to 57.4 (2.7) in the post-test, and in the follow-up phase, 59.4 (1.9), which had a slight increase (P<0.02). In acceptance and commitment group therapy, the mean (SD) of sexual function increased from 13.8 (5.9) in the pre-test to 23.7 (4.8) in the post-test and in the follow-up phase 22.6 (3.9), which had a slight decrease of (P<0.02). In the meaning therapy group, the mean (SD) of sexual function increased from 12.7 (4.2) in the pretest to 19.4 (4) in the posttest and in the follow-up phase, 18.4 (3.3), which had a slight decrease (P<0.02). The scores of the control group did not differ significantly in the three phases. Also, acceptance and commitment therapy was more effective than meaning therapy in increasing the functional scope of quality of life (P<0.03), reducing the scope of quality of life symptoms (P<0.04), and improving sexual function (P<0.02).

 The study showed that both acceptance and commitment with meaning therapy improved quality of life and sexual function in breast cancer patients. Acceptance and commitment therapy had a greater effect on improving quality of life and sexual function than meaning therapy.

Aging leads to issues and problems such as cognitive inflexibility and definitive thinking. However these issues have been less the attention of researchers. Accordingly, the main goal of this study was to determine the effect of life review treatment based on the Islamic ontology trend on cognitive flexibility and deterministic thinking in the elderly. This study design was experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population included all elderly people in Kermanshah daily keeping center for the elderly. After the pre-test, 30 people were selected by available sampling from among those who had the lowest scores in the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire and the highest score in the Definitive Thinking Questionnaire, and placed in two experimental and control groups (each group is 15 people) randomly. Life review intervention based on the Islamic ontology trend was held at intervals of ten days during three months in 12 sessions and 45 minutes each session and a weekly session. Analysis of the results by using covariance analysis indicated that the life review intervention based on the Islamic ontology trend is effective on increasing cognitive flexibility and reducing the definitive thinking of elderly people (P<0.05). Accordingly, this approach can be utilized as a useful tool to improve the Psychological problems and shortcomings of the elderly.

Premenstrual syndrome is one of the most common problems of women of reproductive age, which has negative effects on their personal, social and academic health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of metacognitive therapy on anxiety sensitivity, psychological distress and pain indices in premenstrual syndrome.

This study was a quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group with two months follow-up. The statistical population included all the female students with premenstrual syndrome in the Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah during the year2021,from which 30 people were selected using the available method and based on the Fleiss equation and were assigned to two groups. Metacognitive therapy was applied to the subjects in the experimental group during10weekly sessions and each session lasted 90 minutes, but the control group did not receive therapeutic intervention. For data collection, premenstrual symptoms screening tool Steiner et al, psychological distress questionnaire Loibond and Loibund, anxiety sensitivity questionnaire Floyd et al, pain questionnaire McGill, and pain acceptance McCracken et al, were used. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS-26 statistical software.

The results showed that anxiety sensitivity(F=17.75, P=0.005 and η=0.61), pain intensity(F=6.18, P=0.009 and η=0.54), pain acceptance(F=10.70, P=0.014 and η=0.62) and psychological distress(F=43.45, P=0.001 and η=0.60 in the experimental group compared to the control group significantly decreased and these positive effects remained stable during the two-month follow-up period.

Metacognitive therapy is effective in improving pain indicators and reducing anxiety sensitivity and psychological distress in premenstrual syndrome, and this program can be recommended as a useful treatment to trauma and pain clinics.

 Issue of the learning has been permanently one of the main concerns of researchers, experts and instructors. There are many variables which have positive or negative effect on the students' learning process. As one of the variables, procrastination has a special position in students' learning. In this regard, this study was conducted to review the structural model of procrastination and mindfulness with an emphasis on the mediating role of cognitive abilities of high school students of Kermanshah in the school year of 2021-22. The research method has been descriptive and the correlation type has been     structural equations. The statistical population includes all high school students in Kermanshah city and 379 students were selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The standard questionnaires of procrastination of Tuckman (1991), mindfulness of Bauer et al. (2006) and cognitive skills of Nejati (2013) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equations model and the results show that students' procrastination is a function of their cognitive abilities and mindfulness. The results also show that cognitive abilities can affect the relationship between students' procrastination and mindfulness, namely, procrastination is influenced by mindfulness and cognitive abilities and therefore, high mindfulness and desired cognitive abilities can be obtained. Accordingly, research findings can be used to improve student's procrastination, and supplementary educations and courses for students and parents may lead to control and improve this variable.

There are various educational programs based on theoretical frameworks for binge-eating disorders. However, there is no evidence for Strengths-Based approach targeting low inhibitory control and impulsivity of the patients.

This experimental study explored the effect of a Strengths-Based clinical teaching course on impulsivity and self-control of adolescents with binge-eating disorder.

The study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and posttest evaluations on adolescents with binge-eating disorders in clinical psychology in Kermanshah. A total of 26 adolescents with binge-eating disorders were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=13) and control (n=13) groups. Then, they were asked to fill out a questionnaire about Barrat’s impulsivity scale and Tangney’s Self-Control Scale. The experimental group was taught methods and techniques of strengths-based strategies for eight 90-minute sessions followed by training sessions of strengths-based skills once a week for 2 months, whereas the control group received no psychological training during this time. After these sessions, both groups were given post-test evaluations. Data were compared using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance.

The age range of participants was 14-18 years. The mean post-test score showed that impulsivity was significantly decreased and self-control was significantly increased in the experimental group. The result of univariate analysis of variance indicate that the two groups differed significantly on impulsivity (F=15.91, P=0.001,ηp2=0.59) and self-control (F=17.25, P=0.001, ηp2=0.62).

Using a strength approach offers effective self-control and impulsivity to adolescents with binge-eating disorders.

 Menstrual pain syndrome B as one of the most common gynecological problems in addition to health consequences has a negative impact on quality of life. Also the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on psychological helplessness and sleep quality in girls with menstrual pain syndrome.

The research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control and two-month follow-up group. The statistical population included all female students of Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah branch in 2021, who were selected by available sampling method of 40 people and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). Mindfulness was applied to the experimental group in 8 sessions of 1 hour (60 minutes) but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using premenstrual screening questionnaire, sleep quality questionnaire and psychological helplessness questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis of varias and SPSS statistical software were used to analyze the data.

Mindfulness training program was effective in reducing psychological helplessness in the post-test phase (F= 74.19, P= 0.002 and Eta= 0.67). There was a significant difference between the mean sleep quality scores of the subjects in the two groups in the post-test stage (F= 13.85, P= 0.001 and Eta= 0.58). The positive effects of mindfulness training in the follow-up phase were sustained for research variables.

It can be concluded that Mindfulness training has been an effective way to improve sleep quality and psychological health of patients with menstrual pain.

Obsessive - compulsive diso rder and its socio - health consequences are one of the most costly issues in today's society. Therefore, the present study was conducted to predict the symptoms of obsessive - compulsive disorder based on corona anxiety and Islamic lifestyle in women .

Methods :

The method used in this study was descriptive correlational. Out of the women with obsessive - compulsive disorder referring to the psychiatric ward of Farabi Educational and Medical Center in Kermanshah in 2020, 200 couples were selected by available samp ling method and completed Alipour et al.’s Corona Anxiety Scale, Hudgson and Rachman’s Obsessive - Compulsive Scale, and Kaviani’s Islamic Lifestyle Scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and hierarchical regressi on. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests .

The results showed that the severity of obsessive - compulsive disorder symptoms was inversely related to Islamic lifestyle (r= - 0.61, P=0 .004) and its dimensions (P<0.05). The psychological factor of corona anxiety (r=0.42, P=0.001) and the physical factor of corona anxiety (r=0.27, P=0.015) showed a positive and significant relationship with the severity of obsessive - compulsive symptoms at the level of 0.05. Regression analysis showed that corona anxiety predicts 20% of the variance in obsessive severity. The Islamic lifestyle, independent of the corona anxiety, was able to predict 6% of the variance in the severity of the obsession .

Conclu sion:

In general, the results showed that the Islamic lifestyle and control of coronary anxiety can be used to reduce severity of the symptoms in obsessive patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on rumination, tolerance of ambiguity and perception worry in students with social anxiety disorder.

The research was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included all female high school students in Kermanshah in 2021, who were selected by available sampling method and 30 were randomly assigned to two equal groups of 15 experimental and control. Data were collected using the Nolen-Hooksma and Murrow (1991) rumination questionnaire, the McLean Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire (2009), the Meyer et al (1990) Pennsylvania State worry Questionnaire (1990), and the Lajerka and Lopez (1998) Adolescent Social Anxiety Questionnaire. For statistical analysis, in addition to descriptive statistics and parametric statistical defaults, multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS software version 26 was used.

The results showed that metacognitive therapy in the post-test phase had an effect on improving rumination score, tolerance of ambiguity and worry perception in the experimental group but the scores of research dependent variables in the control group did not show a significant change (P <0.05).

Due to the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy, considering this type of treatment as part of the treatment program in order to improve mental health can be beneficial and should be considered by counselors and psychologists.

Students with coronary anxiety in academic and social life face many challenges in social interactions and psychological practice that require metacognitive skills to overcome them. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of metacognitive skills training on symptoms of social anxiety and demoralization symptoms in girls with high levels of coronary anxiety.

The research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group and two-month follow-up period. All-female students with coronary heart disease at the Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah formed the research community. Among them, by purposive sampling and obtaining a score higher than the average in the completed instruments, 30 people were selected and assigned to groups of 15 people. Data were collected using Corona Anxiety Questionnaire (Alipour et al., 1398), Depression Syndrome (Kisan et al., 2004), and Social Anxiety (Connor et al., 2000). For the experimental group, 10 sessions of metacognitive program were performed as weekly one-hour online sessions, but the control group did not receive a program. Data analysis was performed by repeated-measures  of variance.

The experimental and control groups in the pre-test were not significantly different in terms of social anxiety and demoralization symptoms (P>0.05), but in the post-test and follow-up steps this difference was significant in terms of both variables (P<0.05). Metacognitive skills training reduced the demoralization symptoms and social anxiety in the experimental group (P<0.05).

Findings show that metacognitive skills training can be used as a method of choice in patients with coronary heart disease. Therefore, it may be helpful to consider this type of treatment as part of a treatment plan for patients with coronary anxiety disorder.

 This study aimed to demonstrate that structural equation modeling of social anxiety disorder is based on Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS), Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) components, and perfectionism in adolescents. The study was a descriptive correlation performed with path analysis. The statistical population comprised 250 female students who were selected by a cluster random sampling method in Kermanshah city in 2019. Data were gathered using the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for adults Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, and the Perfectionism Inventory. The data were analyzed using the path analysis method. The results showed that the Root Mean Square Error is 0.068 and the Square Root of the Mean Square root is 0.063, which is less than the criterion (0.08) and thus confirms the fit of the model. Moreover, the schemas of disconnection and rejection (p <0.01, β = 0.13), impaired autonomy and performance (p <0.01, β = 0.14), impaired limits (p <0.01), Β = 0.13), other-directedness (p <0.01, β = 0.29), over vigilance and inhibition (p <0.01, β = 0.16) and AS variables (p <0.01= 0.01, β = 0.15 and perfectionism (p <0.01, β = 0.17) have a direct and significant effect on social anxiety.  Early maladaptive schema, AS components, and perfectionism have a predictive role in social anxiety disorder among adolescents.

In this study, transactional analysis psychotherapy was used to evaluate the effect of negative automatic thoughts and optimism on female adolescents with social anxiety disorder. It included female adolescents in district 6 of Isfahan in 2019-2020 who were referred to psychological clinics to treat social anxiety disorder and were chosen by purposive sampling. It was a quasi-experimental study with pre-post tests and a control group, where 24 female adolescents with social anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (12 in each group). Data collection instruments included Life Orientation Scale (LOT-R) and Negative Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (NATQ). The experimental group received an educational program during eight 90-minute weekly sessions; the control group did not receive any interventions. In both groups, questionnaires were administered before and after the intervention sessions. In addition, the data were analyzed using SPSS software, Version 19, using covariance analysis. The results showed that the experimental and control groups differed significantly regarding optimism during pretest control (F=23.573; p < .0001). Transactional analysis psychotherapy increased optimism among the experimental group because the mean optimism levels were higher than those of the control group. The results of the study suggest that transactional analysis psychotherapy is an effective method for treating social anxiety.

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of additional book reading programs (‘Ketabkhan’ reading sessions, school reading sessions, and group reading sessions) on metacognitive awareness of reading strategies (global reading, support reading, and problem-solving reading) of high school students in the city of Sahneh, located in Kermanshah, Iran.

This research is a semi-experimental study using pretest-posttest design with three test groups and one control group. The research population included all female high school students (first to fourth grade) in the city of Sahneh in the academic year 2017-2018 )1397-1396(, whose total number was 1098. In this research, cluster random sampling was used to determine the sample size. 60 students who had criteria for entering the research were selected. The data collection tool was a metacognitive standard awareness questionnaire drawn from the reading strategies of Mokhtari and Richard (2002). Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a group of psychology and Knowledge and Information science professors. The reliability scores of the questionnaire for the subscales of the global reading strategies, support reading strategies, and problem-solving reading strategies were 0.733, 0.829 and 0.771, respectively.

The findings of this study showed that in the ‘Ketabkhan’ reading session group, the mean score of metacognitive awareness of reading strategies in general and its components after intervention was significantly higher than before. In the school reading session group, the mean scores of meta-cognitive awareness of reading strategies in general and its components before and after intervention were not significantly different. In the group reading session group, the mean score of metacognitive awareness of reading strategies in general and its components after intervention was significantly higher than before. The findings also indicated that both methods of ‘Ketabkhan’ reading session and group reading had significant positive effect on the components of global reading, support reading, and problem-solving reading.

Book reading additional programs can make students’ metacognitive awareness of reading strategies more effective and efficient. With regard to these programs that can be applied in educational centers (at all levels), educational and cultural institutions of the country should have a thorough and coherent planning in this area.

The present study was conducted to design a model of lean human resource excellence with a mixed approach and using the qualitative method of data theory and the quantitative method of Shannon entropy. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the study was all senior and middle managers of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare, 19of whom were purposefully selected for interviews and interviews were conducted until the theoretical saturation of the data. To analyze the qualitative data, open, axial and selective coding was used, as a result of which 402 basic concepts in the form of 92 sub-categories and 17main categories and six dimensions of causal conditions (environmental and organizational), contextual conditions ( Organization strategy, culture, management insight, job content documentation, management stability and human resource system dynamics), interventionist conditions (personal characteristics of managers, quality of organizational inputs, efficiency of government management system), strategies (lean leadership, strengthening culture Lean and lean human resource management) and results (micro level, intermediate level and macro level) were included. Then, in order to turn the model designed into a basis for self-assessment of the lean degree of human resources, using the Shannon entrobial method, the weight and score of each dimension were identified, resulting in its application in the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare. Ascore of 376 out of 1000 was assigned to the organization under study, which due to its position in the second level of excellence, ie an organization with public awareness oflean human resources.

The marital commitment of couples has a very essential role in the stability of the system and the foundation of the family and is one of its basic elements, so the study of its influential and reinforcing components has high importance, The research design was descriptive correlational to investigate the mediating role of coupleschr('39') communication patterns in the relationship between love styles and marital commitment. The statistical population of the study included couples in Kermanshah in 1398 that 190 couples of them who were in 5 urban areas (1, 3, 5, 6 &7) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Research tools used in this study included the Marital Commitment Questionnaire (Adams and Jones, 1997), the Triangular Love Scale (Sternberg, 1986), and the Couples Communication Patterns Questionnaire (Christensen and Salawi, 1984). Data were analyzed by multiple regression and Baron and Kenny test (1986). The results of data analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship(r=0.43& p <0.01) between lovemaking styles and marital commitment. Also, only a positive relationship between the subscales of the reciprocal constructive pattern among the couplechr('39')s interactive patterns with marital commitment (r= 0.19 and p<0.01) and lovemaking styles (r = 0.12 and p <0.01). It was meaningful. The mediating role of the constructive interaction model in the relationship between lovemaking styles and marital commitment was also confirmed. Therefore, by using the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that love styles by increasing the use of constructive communication model reinforcement and increases commitment in marital relationships, which results having a dynamic and stable family.

Given the emergence of the concept of lean approach in the field of human resources, the purpose of the above research was to design a lean human resource supply chain model .

Relying on the philosophical foundations of the school of pragmatism, this research is a qualitative study based on grounded theory. The statistical population of the study consisted of senior managers, middle managers and experts of the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare and academic experts who 15 individuals were selected by purposeful sampling as statistical sample members. Lean human resource supply chain model identifications were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Strauss and Corbinchr('39')s three-step coding method (252 key concepts, 43 subcategories, and 25 main categories).

Based on the findings of the study, lean human resource supply was selected as the pivotal phenomenon. Causal conditions were categorized into two categories of environmental and organizational factors, and the five main categories of preventive demand management planning, efficiency of search resources, efficiency of evaluation and screening, recruitment preparation and succession system efficiency. Selected strategy title. Intervening conditions were categorized as two reinforcing and weakening factors of strategies and degree of organizational culture, strategic role of HR unit, managerschr('39') flexibility and adaptability, management stability, career management and accessibility, and The organizationchr('39')s resource constraints were identified as lean human resource supply chain strategies. Finally, the implications of the lean human resource supply chain were divided into three levels: micro, middle and macro.

This research was done aiming at designing a comprehensive model of organizational inertia at Lorestan university. It is an applied research and in terms of the research method, it is qualitative-quantitative; the data were analyzed using the interpretive-fuzzy structural modeling method. To this end, in the first step, factors causing organizational inertia were extracted from theoretical literature and were approved by interviewing 23 selected faculty members from different departments using a purposeful sampling method. The output of this stage was the extraction of 12 main factors. In the next step, to connect and sequence the dimensions and present their structural model, an interpretive structural modeling technique was used in the fuzzy environment to resolve the language ambiguity of the experts' judgments, which is based on expert opinions and analysis. In this study, the results of the research led to the design of an integrated organizational inertia model at five levels, in which leveling the factors influencing the inertia formation in the organizations of the Lorestan province were conducted at eleven stages. Lack of competitive space and equal-based performance evaluation  were identified as a basis for the model and the most effective factors in creating organizational inertia; they were placed in MICMAC matrix with high conductivity and low dependency power.

The present research aims to compare the effect of storytelling, book reading and showing films on the motivation for and interest in reading in the 7- to 10-year-old children who referred to public libraries of the city of Kermanshah. This is a semi-experimental research on tree groups, i.e. pretest, posttest and follow-up. The statistial population of the study included all 7- to 10-year-old children from whom 30 individuals were selected using a purposeful and homogeneous sampling method, and then were organized into in three groups. The research data were collected by using two researcher-made questionnaires (i.e. Level of Motivation for and Interest in Reading Questionnaire, and Parents Questionnaire) designed with the cooperation of a number of KIS and pscychology professors. The questionnaires' validity were confirmed by 4 professors in the fields of educational sciences and KIS and their reliability scores calculated using the Cronbach's alpha method were found to be 0.746 and 0.823, respectively. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and repeated measurement variance analysis were used data to analyze the data. The findings showed that in all three groups (storytelling, book reading, and showing films), the amount of motivation for and interest in reading was increased immediately after training and one month after training, but the storytelling method had more effect on the rate of children's motivation for and interest in reading compared to the other methods.  The value of this research lies in its showing the importance of storytelling for making children interested in reading, such that the results indicated that all three methods of storytelling, reading and showing films can be effective methods to increase the motivation and interest of children, though storytelling is more effective. In general, all three methods make the child interested in the library. For this reason, those children who attend the sessions of storytelling, reading and film shows would become more interested in library and reading.

Aggression is overt, often harmful, social interaction with the intention of inflicting damage or other unpleasantness upon another individual. The present study was conducted with the purpose of studying the effectiveness of play therapy based on cognitive behavioral therapy on physical, relational and verbal aggression of preschool children. The research type was experimental with pre-posttest design. Population was all children who were accepted in a counseling center Kermanshah City. 20 mothers of children were assessed with Shahin aggression test and then assigned into 2 groups (experimental and control) randomly. 2 groups were diagnosed with aggression and also matching conducted based on inclusion-exclusion criteria. 8 sessions of cognitive behavior play therapy were conducted for experimental group. The data were analyzed through multiple analysis of covariance using the SPSS-22 statistical software. Research findings showed that there is a significant difference between experimental and control groups in physical aggression. Moreover, the findings indicated that cognitive behavior paly therapy is effective on reducing relational and verbal aggression in preschool children. The application of cognitive behavior play therapy is effective on reducing physical, relational and verbal aggression in these children. It could be concluded that Considering the capabilities of CBT, its application in children's behavioral problems, including aggression, is effective. Declaration of Interest: None.