جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "توسعه روستایی" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Entrepreneurship, a burgeoning force in today's economy, plays a pivotal role in rural development by fostering progress, poverty alleviation, and job creation. However, rural areas often grapple with a scarcity of financial capital essential for business initiation or expansion. To address this, governments have introduced micro-rural credits as self-employment loans to stimulate rural employment and entrepreneurship. This study aims to evaluate the impact of government micro-credits on rural entrepreneurship development in Radkan. Adopting an applied, developmental, and descriptive-analytical approach, data was collected through documentary, library, and field research. The study population comprised 27 entrepreneurs, with a sample of 244 individuals from 13 Radkan villages selected using the Cochran formula with a 0.06 error level. Their opinions on research indicators related to the topic were assessed. Findings reveal that micro-government credits have had a negligible impact on rural entrepreneurship in the study area. Most sample entrepreneurs supplemented bank loans with personal funds. Furthermore, insufficient loan amounts, limited credit accessibility, absent insurance support, lengthy loan processing times, and unfavorable repayment terms resulted in low satisfaction levels among entrepreneurs (average 2.32) and rural residents (average 1.91).

Among the different types of tourism, we can mention ecotourism, which is based on the integration of preserving the environment, getting to know the culture of communities, paying special attention to pristine natural attractions, and employment of the local community, which results in sustainable trips. And it has a privileged position in the tourism industry. The purpose of this article is to identify and formulate effective indicators in the development of rural ecotourism. This research is considered to be applied in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of study method. The method of collecting data and research information two methods library studies, questionnaires, and interviews. The statistical community of this research is all local experts and elites, organizations, institutions, and institutions related to the city's tourism industry, and finally, 26 of them were selected as a statistical sample in the form of a snowball. For this purpose, the content analysis method was used, and the results were analyzed with MAXQDA software. In a general statement, it can be said that due to the high ecotourism potential of the region, the potential of the region has not been used much. Also, the results obtained from the prioritization of the indicators indicate that the reconstruction of the old structure of the village after the earthquake and the creation of a stepped plan of houses to attract tourists, and the creation of ecotourism residences to create employment through the development of Ecotourism is considered as the most effective strategy.

Handicraft value chain is an economic system that includes a set of actors and business activities that trade with each other to evolve and trade the product from the primary producer to the final consumer and create economic value for each actor in the network. . . . In this research, the position of the value chain of handicrafts in the indicators of rural development and the state of tourism, as well as the preservation and revival of the rural identity of Ashrestaq village, Behshahr city, has been investigated. This research was conducted by distributing 210 sample questionnaires among local people and local experts related to research variables in the form of 3 questions and hypotheses, and the results were analyzed in SPSS software and with t-test. The results of the surveys show that the structure of the value chain of handicrafts has not had a great impact on the rural development of the studied area, but among the indicators, it has had the greatest relative impact on migration from village to village. This city also has a handicraft value chain that leads to the promotion of rural tourism indicators, but due to the relatively low average, its impact is not high. The value chain structure of handicrafts has also been effective in maintaining and revitalizing rural identity, but due to the relatively low average of some variables according to the respondents, it has had a negative impact on some indicators of rural identity preservation.

A comprehensive and accurate understanding of the factors influencing the process of sustainable rural development is a key factor and one of the necessary preconditions for achieving sustainable rural development. Therefore, in order to analyze the factors affecting sustainable development in the villages of the pleasant regions, this research has been conducted case by case in the village of Emameh.

The statistical population of the present study was 1315 natives of Imamah village. The sample size was obtained by using the table of Krejci and Morgan, the number of 297 people, who were randomly selected. The tool of data collection was the researcher's questionnaire. Factor analysis method was used to analyze the data.

Based on the results, the most important factors affecting the sustainable development process of Imamah village were identified in five factors, which are economic institutional infrastructure, socio-cultural infrastructure, and agricultural potentials of the region, geographical location of the region and environmental strength of the region.

Therefore, sustainable rural development is a complex phenomenon with multiple dimensions, and without knowing the various factors affecting the sustainable development of the village, it is not possible to preserve the future of the village

Che purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the factors affecting the management of small business and entrepreneurship development in Nimroz city. The research method is descriptive-analytical. In this study, the statistical population, all residents and residents of villages located in Nimroz city who have a history of activity in the field of small home businesses. In line with the research hypotheses, The results of the test of research hypotheses conducted by one-sample t-test show that the most effective economic factor in the development of small-scale businesses in the villages of Nimroz city, the use of appropriate facilities and credits by the government and Trustee organizations will be strongly felt, and in relation to the socio-cultural factor, the mere fact that the spouse cooperates in the employment of women can not be a sufficient reason, and other factors are also important, and in relation to the infrastructure-environmental factor, Indicators of communication channels and climatic conditions of the region are important and fundamental for the development of this type of activity, and finally. Also, the final result was determined in the study of the measured dimensions, the average economic dimension with an average of 3.56 has the highest score and in fact the most effective factor in the prosperity of small businesses and then the infrastructure-physical dimension with an average of 3.47 socio-cultural with The average was 3.43 and finally in the managerial institutional dimension with an average of 3.35.

Studies show that the villages of Shaft County have a range of economic activities due to their location in the three locations of plains, foothills and mountains, which leads to the diversity of necessary infrastructures for the exploitation and development of the rural economy. What is effective in the distribution of essential infrastructures in the villages of this County is the geographical conditions (slope and height) governing it. In this regard; in explaining the system of establishing rural settlements in the geographical space of this County, the topography factor is considered as one of the most important geographical conditions. In other words, rough topography is one of the limiting factors in the emergence, growth and development of rural settlements and plays a decisive role in the location of rural areas and, accordingly, necessary infrastructures. In this regard, the height affects other climatic elements, soil production and suitable or unsuitable living conditions, and the increase in height and slope makes the development of infrastructures and facilities difficult. In this regard, the current research seeks to analyze the role of geographic conditions in economic development through the mediation of essential infrastructure in the villages of Shaft County.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and by using common concepts, methods and patterns in this chapter, its practical aspects have been considered as much as possible. The statistical population in the research consists of two parts, the first part is all the villages of Shaft County, and the second part is the experts, based on the purposeful sampling (to reach the saturation of the results), the number of 20 people was determined. . It should also be mentioned that GIS software, MATLAB, and combined models (FKOPRAS+FSORA), and finally the grounded theory model were used for data analysis.

Results and Discussion :

The results of the coefficient of explanation of 36% after applying the screen fitting algorithm using MATLAB software, in relation to the changes of independent and dependent variables, indicate the lack of significance between geographical conditions (altitude and slope) and economic development. In the following, the results of the theoretical model showed factors such as: (unfavorable governance, lack of an integrated and systematic plan, single political structure, lack of planning on environmental strength and geographical conditions), from experts for the village Those with a high economic rank, low altitude and slope, but weak economic infrastructure were identified, and among the mentioned factors, the lack of planning on environmental power and geographical conditions with a value of 71.33 was the most important. Has dedicated itself.

Conclusion:

 Most of the planning done in the villages is due to the centralized approach (top down), and without any previous study of the villages, it is done based on the environmental capabilities and environmental obstacles. These programs not only do not develop a coherent program for the villages, but also prevent them from developing. In this regard, it is necessary to plan for the development of the economic infrastructure of these villages based on the environmental capacity and the slope and height conditions of each village

A problem that planners often deal with is choosing the best service distribution center in cities and rural areas. The distribution of each service in a specific area will create a pattern that can be random, dense, or scattered. In addition, the development of rural areas includes a wide range of profound changes in social and economic structures that seek to distribute income fairly, increase living standards, and provide superior services in these areas. Therefore, rural development is possible if the facilities and services that serve economically productive activities are concentrated in optimal rural centers with suitable conditions in terms of providing services. Rural service centers also have an essential role in providing the facilities and services needed by the villages under their influence because these centers are considered a base for mobility and the desire to live in rural areas. In this regard, actual development is realized when it provides the necessary conditions for all people, regardless of location, for their dynamism, growth, and material and spiritual excellence. To achieve this goal, in this article, we are looking for the optimal location for establishing rural service centers and assessing the distribution of facilities in Tashan District of Behbahan Township.

The applied study employed a descriptive-analytical research method. The data were collected via documentary studies, i.e., libraries, books, articles, databases, theses, and survey research, i.e., the statistical data of the housing foundation organization of Khuzestan Province in 2021. This research employed the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and interior point method (IPM) to have more realistic and practical results. The main focus of the hierarchical analysis process in the present study was identifying the optimal points for establishing rural service centers, and Expert Choice and Excel software were used to perform such an analysis. This work was done by completing the questionnaire by ten experts in rural affairs. Also, the IPM was used to determine the level of development in the studied rural areas. All the research maps were prepared in the ArcGIS 10.3 software and adjusted and integrated with the UTM coordinate system.

The results showed that among the selected criteria for establishing service centers, population density has the highest score of 0.167, and the topography and height criteria, access to infrastructure facilities, and access to health care services, respectively, with scores of 0.152, 0.144, and 0.128 were the most valuable and essential in the following ranks. The overlap map of the criteria illustrated that among the 49 rural points of the district, five villages are in a perfect situation with an area of 11.94 square kilometers (2.7 percent), four villages are in a good situation with an area of 36.27 square kilometers. (8.4 percent), seven villages were in a relatively suitable area with an area of 100.69 square kilometers (23.5 percent), ten villages were in an unsuitable territory with an area of 153.10 square kilometers (35.8 percent). Also, 23 villages were placed in a completely unsuitable position with an area of 124.52 square kilometers (29.1 percent). In other words, Deh Ebrahim, Sarallah, Veisi, Kalgezar, and Ab Amiri villages had the most capacity for establishing rural service centers. In the ranking obtained from the IPM, Mashhad village had the lowest value with a coefficient of 0.0081 in Si+ score, recognized as the most developed village in Tashan District. Then, Bid Boland and Piazkar villages were ranked second and third in development levels with coefficients of 0.0557 and 0.0510, respectively, in Si+ score. These villages are flat areas and are mainly in a good position compared to other villages in Tashan District regarding population density and public services to establish rural service centers.

It is necessary to design the optimal pattern of hierarchical system and stratification of villages to make easy access for small and sparsely populated villages to the facilities in the area. It should be noted that the combined application of the hierarchical process and the optimal point allows researchers to locate and evaluate maps of various criteria and help to choose the exact and optimal location for establishing rural service centers.

Industrial estates, resulting from industrialization, serve as vital links between industry, agriculture, and rural development. Establishing these estates near rural areas is essential for societal progress, particularly in developing countries. Previous experience shows that clustering industrial units within bio-complexes fosters economic, social, environmental, and physical transformations at regional and local levels. This clustering helps address rural issues by creating complementary production flows, supporting agriculture, providing non-agricultural employment, and improving rural welfare. However, industrial areas can also negatively impact local communities. This research focuses on identifying the unknown economic, social, physical, and environmental effects of the Yasouj 3 industrial estate on the surrounding rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad county, an area that has not been comprehensively studied.

This survey research aimed to assess the impacts of industrial estates on surrounding rural areas in the central district of Boyer-Ahmad County. The study involved 299 household heads from nearby and distant villages to the Yasouj 3 industrial estate, with 161 from Far-Field villages and 138 from Near-Field villages selected randomly based on the Bartlett sampling table. A researcher-developed questionnaire, validated by experts and tested for reliability, was used for data collection. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged from 0.62 to 0.71, indicating good reliability. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 21, and the Morris analytical model ranked the study's objective indicators, with the coefficient of variation (C.V.) assessing the dispersion of these indicators.

Based on the findings of factor analysis, three factors were identified as having significant social impacts: sense of place and economic-social security in the region, motivation and peace in the region, and cultural-welfare. These factors collectively accounted for 45.50% of the overall social impacts. Additionally, four factors were identified as having significant economic impacts: agricultural status, employment and income, capital status, and poverty. These factors collectively accounted for 52.91% of the total variance of economic impacts. Four factors were also identified as having significant environmental impacts: density and diversity of species, quantity and quality of water, environmental quality, and health. These factors collectively accounted for 52.44% of the total variance of environmental impacts. Finally, four factors were identified as having significant physical impacts as pressure on local resources, organizing road infrastructure, road quality, and access to facilities. These factors collectively accounted for 51.14% of the total variance of physical impacts of establishing industrial estates in the surrounding rural areas. A one-sample t-test was used to examine the impact of industrial estates on the surrounding rural areas. Results  showed that industrialization's economic and physical-structural impacts were desirable for nearby residents, while the environmental impacts were undesirable. Specifically, in the social dimension, industrialization had a positive impact on spatial and economic-social security perception and cultural-welfare, but a negative impact on motivation and peace in the region. Regarding the economic dimension, establishing industrial estates improved the agricultural status, employment and income, and capital status while reducing poverty. A similar analysis for the physical dimension shows that industrial states led to the organizing of road infrastructure, improved the quality of transportation roads, and enhanced access to facilities, but increased pressure on resources. However, an analysis of the environmental dimension's impacts revealed that industrial states had a negative impact on the density and diversity of species, quantity and quality of water, environmental quality, and health. In the distant villages, the economic and physical impacts of industrialization were perceived positively by the residents, while the environmental impacts were negative. However, the impact of industrialization was not significant in the social dimension. Ultimately, the results obtained from the Development Index (D.I.) showed that the establishment of industry in the surrounding areas had various impacts on social, physical-structural, and environmental indicators, leading to improved social and physical-structural conditions. Nevertheless, it had an undesirable impact on the environmental situation. A comparison of the coefficient of variation (C.V.) showed that establishing industrial estates had the most significant impact on environmental and physical-structural indicators and the least on social indicators.

To mitigate industrial impacts on the environment, it is essential to develop conservation and resource management strategies. This includes maintaining species diversity, improving environmental quality, and prioritizing health in planning and policy-making. Implementing strict laws and monitoring industrial activities is crucial. Due to unsatisfactory environmental conditions, improving social and physical infrastructure based on regional needs is also necessary. The study highlights the need for increased attention to environmental issues and research across social, physical, and environmental areas. Its findings are relevant for industrial and rural development organizations, guiding policymakers in proposing effective solutions to reduce industrial impacts on rural areas.

The purpose of the present survey factors influencing on extreme individualism of rural youth in the Ardabil County. The research method was analytical -explanative survey type. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all youth living in rural areas of Ardabil County in 2019 (N=31204), among which 380 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.74-0.84). in order to analyze the data, factor analysis model was used and the results of this model showed the most important factors influencing on extreme individualism of rural youth in studied region includes four components (expansion of ethics and individual personality reinforcement, promoting of psychological capabilities and reinforcement of altruism values, reinforcement of social capital and information, reinforcement of collectivism and self-belief) that explained variance and the cumulative variance by the four factors 64.44.

The main purpose of the research is to explain the barriers to women's entrepreneurship in Iran by using the meta-analysis approach.The statistical population of the research is the research conducted on the topic of barriers to women's entrepreneurship between 2012 and 2021. Purposive sampling was employed to identify 24 studies that met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The third edition of comprehensive meta-analysis software was employed to analyze the data.The research results indicate that the aggregate effect size of women's entrepreneurship barriers in Iran is 0.481, which is evaluated as medium to high in Cohen's interpretation system. Based on the research's results, the most significant obstacles to women's entrepreneurship in Iran are cultural, social, economic, and background barriers . Cultural barriers have an effect size of 0.388, while social barriers have an effect size of 0.429, economic barriers have an effect size of 0.523, and contextual barriers have an effect size of 0.549. Background barriers with 0.549 have had the greatest effect on women's entrepreneurship.As indicated by the research findings, women's entrepreneurship encounters numerous obstacles, including cultural, social, economic, political, and contextual obstacles.  Ultimately, these barriers have resulted in women's unwillingness to participate in entrepreneurial activities and their non-participation in entrepreneurial activities, as well as concern and discouragement. According to the results, removing these barriers and increasing the willingness of women in entrepreneurial activities will lead to wealth production, technology development, productivity, and training of entrepreneurs, development of entrepreneurship and promotion and improvement of the quality of life of women

Villages in Iran are susceptible to water scarcity, drought, agricultural deterioration, and ultimately, dispersal and depopulation. In the interim, rural entrepreneurship may contribute significantly to rural unemployment reduction and economic expansion. The purpose of this article is to examine rural entrepreneurship in the villages of the province of Hamedan in order to illustrate the obstacles entrepreneurs face in their efforts to expand and develop small and medium-sized enterprises. Eighteen entrepreneurs were interviewed in four localities of the province for this purpose.The necessary data and qualitative study methodology were acquired via comprehensive interviews conducted with entrepreneurs. Coding of the data was performed with MAXQDA software.Drawing from the outcomes of multiple coding stages and structural and macroeconomic challenges and obstacles associated with the nation’s macroeconomy, the most significant impediments to the growth of the examined enterprises can be classified into five overarching concepts and categories. These encompass “needs-based entrepreneurship”, “incomplete branding”, “progress with double work”, “limited networking” together with “family-oriented.”The results indicate that in the society under study, rural entrepreneurship is established in response to necessity rather than opportunity. Entrepreneurs who established a company to fulfill necessities such as employment and financial security. These enterprises are exclusively owned and operated by the entrepreneur’s family, with the majority of personnel not being affiliated with the enterprise. Furthermore, these enterprises are conventionally managed,devoid of any innovative or creative practices that could enhance output and productivity

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of aquaculture on the social development of villages in Lorestan province by using survey research. This research is of descriptive-correlation type, and 218 selected breeders and 30 fisheries experts were investigated using random sampling method. In this study, information was collected through a questionnaire that was provided to the selected sample, and its validity and reliability were also confirmed. Bartlett's and KMO's tests were used to confirm the adequacy of the sampling of the statistical population, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov's test was used to check the normality of the data. The results of data analysis through statistical tests using spss software showed that aquaculture has a positive and significant effect on all indicators measuring the social status of villages in Lorestan province so these indicators have improved compared to before aquaculture. The results of the consensus analysis showed that both groups of aqua culturists and experts agree on the improvement of the social situation of aqua culturists after the start of aquaculture. Also, the results of the prioritization of social components in aquaculture showed that the component of "increasing cordial relations with neighbors" is in the first place, and "increasing quarrels and differences between villagers over water issues" is the last social component affected by aquaculture. The ranking results of the communication channels for obtaining information about aquaculture farmers showed that "referring to people with experience in aquaculture who have more technical information" is the most important source of information and "referring experts to farms" is the least important source of information for aquaculture farmers.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the Asian event of Hamedan 2018 and its effect on rural tourism in Hamedan province. The available documents and articles related to the Asian event in Hamedan 2018 were examined using the library method. After collecting qualitative data about the 2018 Hamedan Asian event, these data were qualitatively analyzed in the form of content analysis and its components were extracted. These data were collected and categorized with the help of organizations related to Hamedan Asian Event 2018 (provincial cultural heritage, Hamedan Asian Event 2018 secretariat, governorate, and villages). The research method was content analysis. The tool used in this research was interview and the sampling method was based on sampling up to the theoretical saturation point. The studied villages included Verkaneh, Moradbek Valley, and Abshineh. The findings of this research showed that by analyzing the content of the participants' answers, 6 main categories including regional reconstruction, customs, cultural programs, government role-playing, selling products, and religion and religious rituals were identified in the answers of the participants in the research. Also, in terms of the effects of Hamedan 2018 tourism event, the cultural and economic effects were more prominent than others. The pathology conducted in the said event showed that the environmental pollution and the effects of tourists on the beliefs and views of the hosts are among the significant things. According to the findings of this research, it seems that local and regional events and festivals are an opportunity for cultural and economic development in the target areas. Of course, it is very important to pay attention to the damage and threats of these events.

Political divisions of space with different methods such as; Abstraction, annexation, integration, and promotion are changing at different levels of political zoning of the country. In the form of upgrading the political level, the lower administrative political unit is transferred to a higher level. At the same time as the political level in a land is improved, all the internal affairs of that land are accompanied by changes. The aim of the current research is to evaluate the effects of upgrading the level of the department to the County on the indicators of rural development, and in terms of the purpose, it is an applied research, and in terms of its nature and method, it is considered a descriptive-analytical research.. Library and field studies were used to collect data. Its geographical territory is the newly established county of Chaharborj in the southeast of West Azerbaijan, which according to the census of Iran Statistics Center in 2016 has 5004 households 16813 rural population, and 14 inhabited rural points, all of which were considered as part of the statistical community. A statistical sample of 286 people was obtained using the modified Cochran formula, and their selection was done by simple random sampling at the village level. Descriptive and inferential statistics (multi-criteria SAW technique, regression test, and path analysis) were used to analyze data and information. The results showed that the villages of Qapchag with a final score of 0.082, Firouzabad with a final score of 0.079, Fasandoz with a final score of 0.078, and Khazineh Anbar Jadid Village with a final score of 0.077 are respectively in the first to fourth categories in terms of the degree of realization of sustainable rural development after the promotion of MarhamatAbad district to Chaharbarj county And in terms of impact, physical indicators with a total effect value of 0.618, human resources with a total effect value of 0.456, and political and managerial indicators with a total effect value of 0.290 have the greatest effect from the promotion of Marhammat Abad district to Chaharbarj county. have accepted and as a result, they have had the greatest impact in the realization of sustainable rural development.

Due to their inherent role in job creation and the development of creativity, rural businesses can play a significant role in creating a sense of hope and belonging among the villagers. Indeed, the development of rural businesses is an important factor in the sustainable development of countries and the enhancement of life quality within rural communities. These businesses can help create employment, increase local production, preserve local culture and heritage, and improve rural infrastructure. Nevertheless, even though rural businesses are vital components of economic activities in rural areas, they have not received much attention and their development is facing obstacles and limitations. In this regard, the present research was designed and carried out to identify and prioritize the factors hindering the development of rural businesses in the Gachsaran rural system.

The research is a quantitative study in terms of the paradigm, an applied study in terms of the goal, and a descriptive survey in terms of data collection and analysis. The statistical population included the villagers with businesses in Gachsaran County. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined as 217, and the participants were selected by stratified random sampling with proportional assignment. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a group of experts and whose reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS version 26 and LISREL version 8.8 software were used to analyze the data both descriptively and inferentially.

According to the results, the individual-personality factors, psychological factors, environmental, educational, and cultural barriers, and economic barriers were identified as the most important barriers to business development from the point of view of the participant villagers. In fact, it can be said that the rules governing the rural society, especially the family, such as the inability to speak in public, weak bargaining power in the profession and work, and not accepting responsibility are effective in the development and employment of home businesses and are among the factors and reasons for the reduced economic activities of villagers (men and women).

Conclusion/ Implications: 

Based on the factors identified for preventing rural businesses, it can be concluded that the development of rural businesses has failed to prosper properly due to various obstacles such as individual-personality, psychological, environmental, educational-cultural, and economic obstacles. Therefore, for the development of rural businesses, these obstacles should be identified and appropriate solutions should be provided to overcome them. Based on the results, the approaches to creating rural businesses at the regional level may include developing educational programs in the studied rural community to transform the cultural beliefs of families and the rural community regarding the capabilities of the villagers, providing facilities in line with the creation and development of small businesses for the villagers, and identifying and introducing successful entrepreneurs as successful models.

The current Research was conducted with the aim of Strategic Analysis of Rural Development Programs held by Basij Sazandegi Organization to formulate a superior strategic matrix.

The research followed the paradigm of mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) so that collecting data was done by interview and questionnaire tools in the qualitative and quantitative phases respectively. According to the purpose, the research statistical population consisted of two expert’s groups. In order to evaluate the environment of rural development programs, three groups of rural development organizations’ experts, experts from Basij Sazandegi Organization and rural informants (councils and local leaders), were surveyed. Each group consisted of 30 experts. Also, for developing the superior strategic matrix, 8 rural development experts were asked to rate importance of strategies. SWOT technique was used for environmental assessment and the superior strategic matrix was developed through hybrid TOPSIS-ANP method in Super Decisions software environment.

The results of this study revealed that rural development programs exhibited strengths that surpassed their weaknesses, yet they were also confronted with threats. The superior strategic matrix further indicated that among the 10 strategies derived from environmental analysis, the strategy of "coordinating the Basij Sazandegi organization with other stakeholders of rural development in program formulation and reduction of redundancies" emerged as the foremost strategy. Subsequently, the strategies of "collaboration and regular meetings with local leaders for program implementation and evaluation of rural development initiatives" and "partnerships with associations and religious institutions to mobilize manpower and financial resources towards job creation projects" were ranked as the subsequent most important strategies.

In light of the research outcomes, it is recommended to expand the network of collaboration and cooperation with other rural development stakeholders and adhere to a comprehensive and targeted rural development model to enhance the effectiveness of constructive mobilization in RDPs of Basi.

The Development of Creative Tourism in Rural Areas as one of the fundamental factors in sustainable development and economic growth of rural regions has gained considerable attention. This research investigates and analyzes the influential factors on the development of creative tourism in the rural district of Meyan Ab in the southern part of Shushtar County.

The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of nature and method.To this end, a questionnaire with various dimensions (infrastructure, education, local participation, innovation and initiative, information and communication technology, and culture and indigenous identity) was designed based on theoretical foundations. Subsequently, it was distributed among the residents of the rural district using stratified random sampling. Descriptive statistical methods in SPSS and EXCEL software were then employed to analyze the data. Furthermore, through one-sample t-test in SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL software, the status of creative tourism development indicators in Meyan Ab was evaluated.

According to the results obtained, the rural district of Meyan Ab, in terms of creative rural tourism development indicators, has an average score of 2.88, indicating a low level of development. Confirmatory factor analysis results demonstrated that in the infrastructure section, the presence of recreational facilities and hospitality facilities with a factor loading of 0.88 had the highest correlation and influence, indicating an 88% correlation. In the next level, in the local participation section, the level of cooperation and participation of rural people in environmental issues, with a factor loading of 0.87, was found. Finally, the existence of opportunities and continuous educational programs for the local community, with a factor loading of 0.86, ranked third in terms of impact.

Therefore, it can be concluded that focusing on and developing these three aspects are the top priorities for improving and developing creative rural tourism in the rural district of Meyan Ab in the southern part of Shushtar County. This can assist managers and planners in making decisions regarding the development of creative rural tourism in Meyan Ab.

Empowering the villagers in the field of rural tourism can bring about a successful transition to rural development as a strategic choice. The aim of this study was to explain the effects of empowerment of rural households on creative tourism in Shahrood. The statistical population of the study is 373 rural households that the questionnaire as a research tool was provided to the statistical population by sampling. The Cronbach's alpha value for creative tourism indicators is 0.80 and for empowerment indicators is 0.75. SPSS software version 24 and LISREL 8.8 were used for data analysis. Based on the obtained results, the components of creative tourism and empowerment of rural households with an average of 3.093 and 2.77, respectively, have been evaluated at the desired level and below the desired level, and the relations between the components of empowerment and creative tourism have been evaluated. Ali fitted with favorable indices (RMSEA = 0.079). According to the research findings, the promotion of education and awareness components, skills and development of human resources, finance and investment, competence and individual independence, and institutionalism and organization are effective in the development of creative tourism indicators.

In recent decades, with the paradigm shift in development literature with an inward-looking epistemological orientation, theorists have proposed indigenous knowledge as an effective alternative for rural development. This article evaluates the alternative capacity of this approach. Having examined the origins of this approach, it is believed that the superficial emphasis on it is a kind of pseudo-epistemic extremism and is a source of controversy. Two significant factors are responsible: the not-so-successful experience of development programs with an authoritarian technocratic nature and the emergence of critical discourses such as postmodernism and postcolonialism. The article argues that this belief has caused a kind of radical stance (for and against) towards two knowledges (indigenous and scientific), which is rooted in Cartesian dualism. This has, in practice, led to exaggerated polar stances: abstractionism from realities. The article concludes that despite the advantages proposed for Indigenous knowledge, this knowledge is susceptible to various challenges such as romanticization, neglecting distinctiveness and power relations, focusing merely on experiences and skills, specificity, as well as dependence on geographies and settings, etc. Considering the high hegemonic power of new/official science to create a cognitive balance, the article recommends practical measures, including promoting awareness of indigenous knowledge as a form of decolonization education to develop sustainable political collective actions to confront the process of power and domination.