جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "دانشگاه علوم پزشکی" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

The present research attempts to identify standard metadata elements for organizing learning objects in the organizational repositories of Iranian medical sciences universities based on the learning object metadata standard. The present research aims to design an ontology model of electronic learning objects in the organizational repositories of Iranian medical sciences universities in order to better display the identification metadata elements. From the semantic point of view, showing semantic relationships between learning objects and better retrieval of learning objects in order to take an effective step towards managing and making information resources available for e-learning.

Literature Review:

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Learning Technology Standards Committee defines a learning object as a digital entity that can be used, reused, or referenced during learning (reusability). One of the electronic learning resources is online learning object repositories. Repositories of learning objects are basically the storage of research data and educational materials. To efficiently retrieve educational materials according to the needs of e-learners, educational materials are tagged with a set of metadata that describe educational works such as document topic, document type, etc. Metadata is an important component of learning object description resources. Metadata is also important for interoperability operations. This is because schema metadata is transferable in interoperability standards. The ontology of learning objects for the field of e-learning provides semantic connections between learning objects and provides high-level information and the development of e-learning. Therefore, the ontology of e-learning objects for organizational repositories of Iranian medical sciences universities provides accurate and meaningful learning objects for the e-learning community. The proposed ontology in this research is based on the metadata standard of the learning object and the characteristics of the learning objects to help the organizational repositories of Iranian medical sciences universities in organizing their information, quickly and accurately retrieving educational materials, facilitating the reuse of content and improving the quality of the electronic learning process and it even provides the use of objects to create a general context of learning environments using a concept map of e-learning. In fact, the ontology design of electronic learning objects for the organizational repositories of Iranian medical sciences universities based on the learning object metadata standard helps to describe the learning objects in a structured way, and this importantly improves the retrieval of learning content and better access to electronic learning content in the repositories.

The purpose of the research is applied research. In the current research, the observation and survey method was used and the matching of the standard metadata elements of the learning object with the metadata elements of the learning objects in the organizational repositories of the research community was discussed. Then, the researcher-made questionnaire was provided to the experts to perform the Delphi technique in order to modify and validate the identified elements. In the next step, a verified set of elements and entities for e-learning objects was obtained in the organizational repositories of Iranian universities of medical sciences. Finally, based on the identified entities, the ontological model of electronic learning objects was designed based on the learning object metadata standard in the organizational repositories of Iranian medical sciences universities.The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire and a standard metadata framework of the learning object. Version 5.6.1 of Protege software was used. During the ontology construction process, the software outputs were evaluated by experts in the field. After confirming the concepts and relationships, a conceptual structure was presented based on the findings.

 The findings showed that the designed ontological model consisting of 162 classes with a total of 189 types of relationships and 2220 samples located in the classes was illustrated.

 The results of the research showed that the learning object metadata standard is comprehensive as a combined standard that includes all types of metadata. Based on the identified entities based on the learning object metadata standard, the ontological model of electronic learning objects was designed in the organizational repositories of Iranian universities of medical sciences. The designed ontology has the overall accuracy as well as the accuracy of different components. The result of this ontology is to present a conceptual structure consisting of concepts in an explicit form in a formal format. By applying ontology based on the learning object metadata standard in the structure of organizational repositories of medical sciences universities of Iran, it is possible to fix possible errors in the semantic level of data, including improving retrieval, better access, and designing intelligent systems.

The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the strategies and consequences of the University of Culture with emphasis on sustainable development. In this study, using the targeted snowball method, 16 expert opinions, including experts, faculty and faculty members and cultural departments of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, were used. ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬ The data analysis process was performed in two stages of identifying strategies through the interview tool using the content analysis method, as well as screening and prioritization of the strategies through the fuzzy questionnaire tool and method. For the presentation of the report, the procedure method was used, which was obtained by the SPSS25 Software of 0.81 % (0.7 %), which was obtained in the range of 0.81 % (0.7). The results of the research showed that research in universities aimed at building culture in the field of sustainable development was the highest priority among the strategies of the University of Culture with emphasis on sustainable development and then training in universities for the purpose of cultivating sustainable development, network In line with cultural interaction in the local, regional and global spheres, the streaming and presentation of a culture -maker gained the second to fourth priority. Also, creating a culture of social development, creating an economic development culture, and creating environmental development culture, respectively, are the consequences of university culture with emphasis on sustainable development.

The purpose of this research is to identify the antecedents and consequences of digital transformation leadership in the education of the University of Medical Sciences.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of the research includes all managers and employees of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. The minimum sample size was estimated to be 203 according to Cochran's formula, and finally the same number of questionnaires were collected and analyzed. In this research, a questionnaire was used to collect information. Reliability was checked using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and content and form validity were checked and confirmed by the supervisor's opinion and construct validity. Also, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS4 statistical software.

The results showed that value creation has a positive and significant effect on digital transformation leadership, and digital transformation leadership, decision-making and digital challenges have a positive and significant effect on the organization's strategy. And digital delivery leadership has a positive and significant impact on learning.

In the age of digital transformation, the education industry has also been heavily influenced by technologies. As a result of this rapid growth in education sectors, universities are becoming increasingly digital.

In today's complex and dynamic world, organizations are increasingly faced with various crises, including natural, economic, social and moral crises. These crises not only threaten the performance and survival of organizations, but also affect the mental health and well-being of employees. One of the most important challenges that organizations face after a crisis is managing moral distress among employees. Therefore, the aim of the research is to design a model of crisis management with the approach of moral distress management with a mixed method. It is practical in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of nature, which was analyzed with a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In order to identify the components of the model, qualitative method and semi-structured interviews were used. Qualitative part, 15 experts, including top academic professors of public administration and senior managers of Iranian medical sciences, who were selected in a targeted way. The analysis of the qualitative part was done using the Foundation's data analysis method and MaxQuda software. In the quantitative part, the structural equation modeling approach was used by PLS software to fit the designed model. The quantitative statistical population consisted of 245 managers, experts and employees of the University of Medical Sciences who were selected by stratified random method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire based on qualitative findings, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The qualitative section showed that 7 main categories including: job stress, moral distress, crisis management, corona disease situation, organization strategy, professional ethics, job burnout and 15 sub-categories were identified. In the quantitative part, it was also determined that there is a meaningful relationship between the crisis management with the moral distress management approach and the factors, and the designed model has an acceptable fit. Crisis management with the moral distress management approach can help improve the performance of organizations, increase employee satisfaction, and ultimately, increase the resilience of society

This research was aimed at designing and validating the third generation human resources training model in medical sciences universities of the country. The study is based on the fundamental audience (scientific community), descriptive objective, and cross-sectional time. In terms of the method of data collection, it is a survey. The community of participants of the qualitative part included senior and educational managers with experience in the medical sciences universities of the country. Sampling of the qualitative part was done purposefully and 19 people participated in this study. The statistical population of the quantitative part included all educational experts and employees of medical sciences universities of the country. The sample size was estimated to be 384 persons using Cochran's formula and sampling was done by cluster-random method. The data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. In the qualitative part, the method of qualitative analysis of the theme and MaxQDA software was used. The initial model was designed by structural-interpretive modeling method and MicMac software and validated by multivariate regression method with SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that governance, politics and legislation, religion and culture, security and defense factors have an impact on social  and economic factors. Social and economic factors also have a significant positive relationship on structure preparation and infrastructure, interactions and communications, research and technology. The mentioned factors also have a significant positive relationship on executive management and executive management has a significant positive relationship on physical characteristics, scientific, intellectual, psychological, behavioral, spiritual and moral qualifications. These factors also have a significant positive relationship on educationaThis research was aimed at designing and validating the third generation human resources training model in medical sciences universities of the country. The study is based on the fundamental audience (scientific community), descriptive objective, and cross-sectional time. In terms of the method of data collection, it is a survey. The community of participants of the qualitative part included senior and educational managers with experience in the medical sciences universities of the country. Sampling of the qualitative part was done purposefully and 19 people participated in this study. The statistical population of the quantitative part included all educational experts and employees of medical sciences universities of the country. The sample size was estimated to be 384 persons using Cochran's formula and sampling was done by cluster-random method. The data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. In the qualitative part, the method of qualitative analysis of the theme and MaxQDA software was used. The initial model was designed by structural-interpretive modeling method and MicMac software and validated by multivariate regression method with SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that governance, politics and legislation, religion and culture, security and defense factors have an impact on social  and economic factors. Social and economic factors also have a significant positive relationship on structure preparation and infrastructure, interactions and communications, research and technology. The mentioned factors also have a significant positive relationship on executive management and executive management has a significant positive relationship on physical characteristics, scientific, intellectual, psychological, behavioral, spiritual and moral qualifications. These factors also have a significant positive relationship on educational leadership and management and ultimately lead to the training of the third generation human resources of medical sciences universities.l leadership and management and ultimately lead to the training of the third generation human resources of medical sciences universities.

In this research, by applying the concepts of brand value and branding in universities of medical sciences, it was tried to study and identify the factors of brand value related to the branding of universities of medical sciences, and finally, the ranking of these factors was presented using fuzzy promethee method.

The research method is applied, descriptive and survey. The statistical population of the survey is all the students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in the number of 8286 people in the academic year of 1401-1400, of which 368 people were selected using Morgan's table and simple random method. The research tool is a questionnaire, the validity and reliability of the tool was confirmed using the content validity method and Cronbach's alpha. The collected data were tested using descriptive and inferential statistics and fuzzy promethee approach and SPSS 23 and visual promethee software.

Considering that the average of all factors is higher than the standard value of 3.4 and according to the results of the t-test, the impact of all the investigated factors on the special value of the university brand in universities of medical sciences was proven.

The findings of the fuzzy promethee method indicate that the most important factor affecting the special value of the university brand is the perceived quality.

Since human resources working in organizations play an important and sensitive role in creating competitive advantage, we must look for solutions to increase their efficiency. There are various techniques to increase the efficiency of human resources in order to advance the goals of the organization, one of which is the empowerment of human resources. The aim of the current research was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the empowerment of human resources in order to respond to environmental crises in Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method. This research was done in a mixed method. The statistical population in the qualitative section included knowledgeable people in the field of human resource empowerment, who were randomly selected as a sample of 20 people using a purposeful sampling method. In the quantitative part, the statistical population of the research includes all the employees working at Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, with a number of 10,000 people. The statistical sample of the research was also calculated based on Morgan's table of 373 people in a simple random manner. The tools of data collection in the qualitative part are semi-structured questionnaires, and in the quantitative part, the researcher made a questionnaire, the validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by the opinion of experts and its reliability was obtained by calculating the Cronbach's coefficient. In the qualitative section, 3 factors and their components were identified using the Delphi method. .

Job dissatisfaction among medical staff slows down the recovery process, prolongs the patient's stay in the hospital, increases costs, and ultimately dissatisfaction among users of these services. One of the most important factors affecting job satisfaction is effective leadership. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide an effective leadership model to increase the job satisfaction of medical staff. The research is developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of the type of method. The research strategy of data foundation theory is based on Glaser's apparent approach. Participants in the study included managers, supervisors, and supervisors of public and private hospitals, which was conducted with semi-structured interviews with 13 people with theoretical saturation logic. The method of data analysis was open, selective, and theoretical coding. Findings indicate that 6 main categories: personal characteristics, interpersonal characteristics, follower growth, proper use of tools, organizational factors, and environmental factors are the components of effective leadership in selected hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.

Subject and Purpose of the Article: 

The current research has identified and ranked the obstacles to the establishment of human resources accounting system in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

Effective background barriers, based on previous studies and based on the opinions of the expert team, there are 22 indicators in 6 dimensions, among the 40 selected and verified components that have been studied with the mechanism of two matrix-based questionnaires. To design the questionnaire, the interview mechanism and the opinions of the expert team including 15 experts from the accounting field of Research.

All the combined opinions of the subjects indicated the highest (worst) ranks for the lack of skilled and specialized forces and the lack of research works; But; The lack of awareness of the contradiction of human resource utilization costs with the principle of conformity in accounting and the lack of awareness of the possibility of reporting human resources as an asset in the balance sheet have the lowest (best) ranks.

Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge: 

The results of the research showed that expertise and skill can be one of the most important influencing factors in the accounting system Therefore, this research can be effective for better planning in recruitment and also in financial reports by presenting obstacles and modeling factors of human resource accounting in the University of Medical Sciences.

The purpose of this research is to design and explain the antecedents and consequences of hiding knowledge in hospitals in Gilan .

The research is applied in terms of purpose and based on qualitative-quantitative approach. The statistical population of the research included philosophical experts in the field of management and experimental experts of the University of Medical Sciences, who were selected as a sample using the purposeful sampling method and the snowball technique until reaching theoretical saturation. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. After calculating the effective indicators on knowledge concealment by thematic analysis method and Delphi technique, the validation of the model was done by Smart PLS statistical software.Ethical considerations: In this research, prior to interviewing the experts, a written consent was received from them regarding the informedness and confidentiality of the research.

Based on the findings of the research, the antecedents affecting knowledge concealment were predicted in 4 categories of personal, occupational, organizational and interpersonal factors, and the consequences of knowledge concealment, according to experts in the field of medical sciences, include: Therefore, in the current research, the antecedents And the suffixes of hiding knowledge in the field of medical sciences were presented, it is possible to reduce the potential losses of this phenomenon to a great extent by paying attention to the elements that affect the concealment of knowledge and familiarization with the consequences of this negative variable in the organization and especially in the University of Medical Sciences.

The aim of this study was to design a model for empowering hospital managers with a productivity approach. The statistical population of the study includes experts (with at least 10 years of management experience in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and affiliated hospitals) and university professors. The statistical sample was selected by a purposeful judgment method of 14 people. Data collection tools included library studies and semi-structured interviews with experts. The validity of the interview questions was confirmed by the content method and its reliability was confirmed by the retest method (0.87). The empowerment model of hospital managers was drawn with a productivity approach, and at the end, a theory based on 18 theorems was created. Based on the calculated model, causal conditions (including "organizational foresight", "agile organizational structure", "transformational leadership", and "organizational opportunity for empowerment"), central category (empowerment of hospital managers), contexts (including "access to resources") "Empowerment", "Establishing an active motivational system", "Justice-oriented in the organization", and "Modeling the role for managers"), contextual factors (including "internal factor of empowering managers" and "external factor of empowering managers"), strategies (including "holding courses "Empowering managers", "Establishing a succession system", "Delegating and delegating responsibilities", and "Job value creation for managers"), and the consequences (including "individual productivity of managers" and "organizational productivity of managers") are explained in a paradigm model. Finally, the relationships between them were drawn in the selected model. Finally, suggestions based on strategies for implementing the model of empowering managers with a productivity approach were presented.

Empowerment is a concept that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Empowerment in today's growing and unpredictable world is becoming a fundamental issue that grants a certain degree of independence and responsibility to human resources. This study aims to provide a model of human resource empowerment in In order to respond to environmental crises, it was done at Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz. In this research, which is fundamental-applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method, first by reviewing previous researches in the field of human resources empowerment, with the help of the multi-combination approach of three categories of individual, organizational and environmental factors affecting the empowerment of human resources in line with accountability to environmental crises in Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz and its components were extracted. Further, by conducting interviews with experts, the conceptual model of the research was presented. The experts included 20 university employees familiar with empowerment. Using the researcher-made questionnaire, the conceptual model was tested. The reliability of the questionnaire was checked using Cronbach's alpha and content and construct validity based on the opinions of professors and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population is 10,000 people, according to Morgan's table, a sample size of 373 people was selected randomly. After appropriate fitting of measurement models, structural and general models, the results indicated that all three factors are effective on human resource empowerment, among which individual factors have the most and environmental factors have the least influence.

It is possible to know the performance of university systems (activities and their results) through its dual form - quantity and quality - both of which show a complex reality. Educational and research phenomena in universities are born in such a complex field. Therefore, the "tools for determining" quality in higher education, regardless of this field, achieve a superficial knowledge of it and create an illusion of "certain knowledge" of it. Considering higher education as the wealth and capital of nations and societies and its role in the knowledge economy, higher education institutions to reduce costs, create added value to overcome their competitors, realize new expectations of internal and external stakeholders, interact with the working world community, promote Continuously improving the quality of teaching and learning and research, as well as responding to the increase in demand, have paid special attention to the quality of education. The quality of education has been one of the main concerns of higher education systems in most countries of the world (Parand & Qayyumi, 2017). With the spread of higher education and the limitation of public expenses, the sensitivity of the stakeholders towards the quality of higher education and its added value has increased (Shirbagi, 2011). Service quality is recognized as the main determinant of an organization's success in the current changing environment, and any decrease in customer satisfaction due to poor service quality is cause for concern (Van Duong, Binns & Lee, 2004).The study of student satisfaction plays an important role in improving the quality of education; therefore, one should first try to recognize the possible gap and eliminate or reduce this gap between the existing and the desired situation. Due to the importance of this issue and the fact that no study was found in Urmia University of Medical Sciences to identify the quality of education in the literature review, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the gap in the quality of education in Urmia University of Medical Sciences by receiving the opinions of working students studying in this university. In this way, to analyze the existing inadequacies and provide targeted solutions to reduce the quality gaps observed in the field of educational services. Therefore, the following research questions have been raised:1- What are the components of the higher education quality questionnaire?2- What is the status of educational quality in Urmia University of Medical Sciences?3- What is the status of educational quality dimensions in Urmia University of Medical Sciences?4- Is the status of educational quality in Urmia University of Medical Sciences different according to the gender variable of students?5- Is the status of educational quality in Urmia University of Medical Sciences different according to the respondent's faculty?Considering the role of universities of medical sciences in the education of students who play an essential role in promoting the health of the society, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the quality of the education process in Urmia University of Medical Sciences from the students' point of view.According to the research questions, the approach of the current research is quantitative and positivist in terms of the method of data collection and analysis, and its strategy was descriptive-survey. Survey is one of the methods of data collection in which information is collected through people who are called respondents and answer the questions. This method, which is used more than any other research method in behavioral science studies, can be used in all kinds of exploratory, descriptive, explanatory and evaluation studies (Saadipour, 2015). This descriptive-survey research was conducted in Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The statistical population includes all students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The number of 384 people was selected as a statistical sample using the table (Krejcie & Morgan, 1970) by the method of relative stratified sampling. To collect data from Mantz York's higher education quality questionnaire (Yorke, 1995) used. Finally, 336 completed questionnaires were returned.Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the components of the higher education quality questionnaire. For the purpose of exploratory factor analysis of the present questionnaire, principal component analysis method with varimax rotation was used. Based on the information in Table 2, which shows the results of the Como and Bartlett test. Como's value is 0.70 and the result of Bartlett's test is also significant and indicates that the data are suitable and sufficient for factor analysis.To analyze the data, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance were used with the help of SPSS software. According to the results of the research, the dimensions of the higher education quality questionnaire include six factors of the educational program and goals, teaching method and quality, educational facilities and equipment, measurement and evaluation, educational satisfaction and feedback. From the point of view of the students, the high quality of education in Urmia University of Medical Sciences is not in a favorable condition. In all aspects of the quality of higher education, there is a significant difference between the desired situation and the current situation. The largest distance was related to the dimension of educational satisfaction and the smallest distance was related to the educational program and goals. Also, the results showed that there is no significant difference in the quality of higher education in Urmia University of Medical Sciences according to the respondents' gender and faculty. From the perspective of students, the quality of higher education in Urmia University of Medical Sciences was below average. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of the education process, detailed planning and practical measures must be taken in line with the educational and research demands and expectations of the students.In this regard, the results of the research indicate that the government should improve the budget in public universities, build infrastructure, create higher quality units, and attract and retain qualified academic staff to ensure the quality of education.

The purpose of the present study was applied and it could be considered a qualitative research with a basic theory in terms of implementation. The statistical population of the study included 16 university experts in Ahvaz in 1399 who were selected by purposive sampling. The sample size was also based on the principle of theoretical saturation. Criteria for selecting experts in the research included membership in a public and non-governmental university, being in a field of study related to management (public administration, , educational management and planning management), having relevant writings, and a willingness to participate in interviews. The research tool was semi-structured interviews and the validity of the findings was based on face validity and for reliability the coding agreement coefficient method was used which resulted in re-coding of 3 interviews with a value of 0.86. For data analysis, open, axial and selective coding methods based on basic theory were used. The results showed that causal reasons for knowledge management included (knowledge updating, infrastructure facilitation and meritocracy), intervening conditions included (interactive leadership and motivation), contextual conditions included (organizational culture and staff ranking), strategies included (health care and critique training) and outcomes also included (reducing costs, employee satisfaction, and increasing productivity). Based on the results, it can be concluded that knowledge management is related to several factors that in order to improve it, all the indicators and factors identified in the present study should be considered.

It is one of the most important and challenging tasks of leaders in the current era, which has led to a change in the competitive landscape for today's organizations. Therefore, the aim of the research is to design a leadership model for digital transformation in education.

Qualitative section, 15 experts, including top academic professors in the field of educational management and senior managers of medical sciences, who were selected in a targeted way. The analysis of the qualitative part was done using the theme analysis method and MaxQuda software. In order to fit the designed model, structural equation modeling approach was used by PLS software. The quantitative statistical population included 430 managers, experts and employees of Alborz University of Medical Sciences, who were selected by stratified random method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire based on qualitative findings, whose validity and reliability were confirmed.

The qualitative part showed that 6 main themes including: digital transformation leadership, value creation, decision making, organization strategy, digital challenges, learning and 12 sub-themes were identified. In the quantitative part, it was also determined that there is a significant relationship between the leadership of digital transformation and the factors, and the designed model has an acceptable fit.

The leadership of digital transformation in education can help to improve the quality of education and improve the level of knowledge and ability of students.

Academic environments have unique characteristics that result from their expectations, climate, and organizational culture. Discussion culture is the main method of communication in higher education that requires its competencies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of university administrators' competencies on conflict resolution strategies at Babol University of Medical Sciences.

This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey and cross-sectional in terms of the data collection method. The statistical population in this study was administrators of Babol University of Medical Sciences. by stratified random sampling, the statistical sample size was 72 people. The Feld method and questionnaire tool were used to collect research data. The structural equation method and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the collected data.

Data analysis showed there is a significant relationship between managers' competencies and the conflict resolution style of managers at Babol University of Medical Sciences. There was the highest relationship between social competence (0.8)  and managerial competence (0.68)  with the style of collaboration in conflict management.

Conclution: 

One of the characteristics of effective managers is to pay attention to establishing trust-based communication with employees. Social and managerial competencies help managers to use the best appropriate conflict management strategy in the organization. The collaboration style is a positive strategy in conflict resolution. By using the collaboration style, people are looking for solutions that are consistent with their interests and will preserve effective relationships.

Innovation and originality:

 Identifying and explaining the relationship between managers' managerial, social, and individual competencies and the three strategies of collaboration, competition, and avoidance in conflict management at university.

Creating knowledge in the organization and transforming it depends on the skill and ability of the skilled manpower. The success of employee empowerment also depends on factors and obstacles. The present study seeks to empower librarians of Iran and Tehran University of Medical Sciences to create and transfer knowledge.

This research is one of the applied research that has been done by survey-correlation method. The study population consisted of two universities, Iran University of Medical Sciences with 76 librarians and Tehran University of Medical Sciences with 61 librarians, which totaled 137 librarians. According to Morgan's table, 104 people were selected. Data were collected randomly. Two standard questionnaires, Spritzer Empowerment (1995), and Newman & Conrad Knowledge Management (1999), were used for data collection. The Spritzer Questionnaire has five components (competence, affectivity, sense of meaning, choice, trust), and the Newman and Conrad model has four components (knowledge creation, knowledge retention, knowledge transfer and transfer, and knowledge utilization). In this study, two components of knowledge creation and knowledge transfer are considered. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis with Pearson (for normal explanatory data) and Spearman (for nominal qualitative data) tests. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 23, and the impact of empowerment factors on knowledge creation and transfer of community librarians' knowledge to the structural model of Amos software was used.

Findings:

The findings of the present study indicate that there is a significant relationship between individual factors and knowledge creation. There is a significant relationship between gender and education with knowledge transfer. There is a significant relationship between group factors (sense of trust and sense of meaning) and knowledge creation and transfer. There was no significant relationship between group factors (competence, choice, and affectivity) and knowledge creation and transfer. As empowerment increases, knowledge creation and transfer among librarians increases, and empowerment decreases as knowledge creation and transfer among librarians decreases. Many factors affect empowerment, but according to the results of the present study, individual and group factors (gender, level of education, sense of trust, and meaningful feeling) had the greatest impact on empowering librarians to create and transfer knowledge.

Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between individual factors and knowledge creation. But there is no significant relationship between individual factors and knowledge transfer.

Abstract
Background and One of the aspects of organizational learning is self-directed learning, in which the employees of the organization are responsible for their personal learning so that they develop specialized knowledge and the ability to transfer knowledge in new situations. The purpose of this research is to design a model of self-directed learning in the University of Medical Sciences using a hybrid method.
Research The present research was conducted using meta-combination method in several stages at the University of Medical Sciences. After identifying the concepts and codes of factors affecting self-directed learning and evaluating, its validity and reliability, the initial conceptual model of the research was designed. From the 72 retrieved studies, 7 studies related to the purpose of the study were included for meta-combining. At the level of analysis and presentation of the model, Sandelovski and Barso (2006) Meta combination method was used.
The findings showed that the research model included 6 factors influencing self-directed learning. These factors included self-efficacy, motivation to progress, self-management skills, desire to use technology, desire to learn and share knowledge. The identified factors were approved by experts.
The importance of self-directed learning in organizations requires focusing on factors influencing it and institutionalizing these factors among employees. The new model presented for the University of Medical Sciences can be useful for managers and planners of the health system

 

Conflict is common in governmental and non-governmental organizations that requires proper management. according to this, the present research designed and examined a conflict management model for university directors.

This is an applied, exploratory-mixed study (qualitative and quantitative). The qualitative part comprised 15 experts who were selected through purposive sampling to participate in the Delphi panel. The statistical population in the qualitative part included employees of Lorestan university of medical sciences amounting to 590 people in 2020-21 and the sample size was determined from the employees on the basis of Cochran formula (N=232), all of which were selected randomly. The research tool was a questionnaire that was developed on the basis of the result of the findings of the qualitative part. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed through face validity and its reliability was obtained through Cronbach's Alpha (0.81). The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using SPSS software and inferential structural equation modeling was analyzed using Amos software.

The findings indicated that conflict management consisted of 6 components and 72 indices, i.e. path coefficient value of conflict management regarding flexibility and compromise (0.82), cooperation (0.79), confrontation (0.78), change in the relationships (0.77), avoidance (0.76), adjustment (0.75), control (0.74), negotiation (0.72), and suggestion system (0.71), respectively in order of priority, which was positive and significant at the confidence level of 95%.