جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رفاه » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The research method is developmental in terms of purpose and in terms of the type of qualitative data with an exploratory approach, which was used to analyze the theme of the interview. The statistical population included the managers and specialists of the rural area in the field of Dashti, which was 15 people using the purposeful sampling method and the principle of theoretical saturation. Data analysis was done using thematic analysis in "MAXQDA" software. The results of the research showed that in the analysis of the data obtained from the interview, they were examined in the form of 49 main categories, each of which included several dimensions and indicators, which, by specifying the conditional, interactive-process categories, resulted in basic dimensions for the formation of Initially, the conceptual framework of the research was determined. Among the most important identified cases are the conditional categories of rural social welfare and such process-interactive factors and strategies for the development of rural social welfare, and finally, its obstacles and consequences were identified. In the form of conclusion, it can be stated that in relation to the category of social welfare development in rural areas, various components can be identified such as identifying strengths and weaknesses, creating active and suitable fields for rural development, effective factors, consequences, strategies for the development of rural social welfare and obstacles. He mentioned the positive roles and functions of organizations in the social welfare of rural areas

The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the effect of job demand, role ambiguity, perceived overqualification and organizational support on employee well-being based on the job demand-resources model. This research was applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population was all the employees of Razi University of Kermanshah, totaling 490, and 215 of them were selected as a sample from different faculties using Morgan's table and stratified random sampling method, which was chosen according to the sample of each faculty. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling approach with partial least squares method through Smart PLs3 software. The findings of the research show that job demand, perceived role ambiguity and overqualification decrease the well-being of employees, while organizational support increases the well-being of employees. Improving the well-being and support of employees has led to the success of the organization. If the organization supports the employees, they feel more committed to the organization and strive to increase performance and achieve the goals of the organization. Therefore, it is necessary to find the factors affecting the well-being of employees, which can contribute to the success of the organization.

After cereals, oilseeds form the second largest food reserve in the world. Sesame has been one of the oldest oil plants in the world, which is known as the queen of oil plants due to its pleasant taste, high stability and stability, high resistance to dryness and the fact that the oil does not oxidize. Sesame is considered as an oil-protein source and sesame seeds contain 34-60% oil and 19-30% protein. Rapeseed is another oilseed that has more than 40% of oil in the seed and about 40% of protein in its meal, which plays an important role in human nutrition and animal and poultry feed.Climate change is a significant and persistent change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns that occurs over a long period of time in a specific region or for the entire global climate. In fact, this phenomenon occurs as a result of internal factors such as dynamic processes of the earth or external factors such as changes in the intensity of sunlight or human activities.As a result of climate change, the average weather variables such as temperature and precipitation do not remain constant and change in different regions.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate climate change and predict its effects on the performance and well-being of the producer and the well-being of the consumer of the two products of sesame and canola. The required meteorological and agricultural data were collected in the form of combined data for two crops during 1370-1398. Using weather forecasting scenarios, the performance of two products was predicted. Finally, with the help of non-linear programming model, consumer welfare, producer welfare and total welfare were calculated and predicted using the partial balance method. Eviews, Excel and GAMS software were used to conduct this study. Khuzestan province was zoned into three climatic zones for more accurate estimation of yield response function.

In this research, the climatic conditions of Iran in the decades of 2000, 2025, 2050 and 2100 were modeled using the output of two atmospheric general circulation models ECHAM4 and HadCM 2. The results show an increase in the temperature of all the provinces of the country in the coming decades. These two models predicted an average temperature increase of 3 to 3.6 degrees Celsius until the 2100s for the country. The panel data method is used to estimate the climate model.

According to the results obtained from the calculation of welfare, it was found that the welfare surplus of the producer is higher than the welfare surplus of the consumer, and the results obtained from the welfare forecast according to the climate scenarios show that the amount of welfare generally follows a decreasing trend with fluctuation and The amount of losses caused by climate change has been higher for consumers than for producers.

 Security one of the most obvious aspects of the growth of a society and the foundation of its growth, development and stability. The economic prosperity of a society, investment, planning for development, progress and any activity that can be an effective factor for improving the economic situation, and social welfare and other aspects of the society, are all under the shadow of security establishment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of crisis management and urban accidents in the sense of security and well-being of the citizens of Tehran.

 The research method is descriptive-survey and a questionnaire used. The statistical population included the citizens of Tehran and managers, deputies and experts of crisis management headquarters in 22 districts of Tehran. Cluster sampling and sample size is 376 people for citizens and 40 people for experts.

The greatest impact of crisis management in increasing the sense of security from the experts' point of view includes social support and welfare, reducing risk and danger, reducing crimes and delinquency, and social order. According to citizens' point of view, the greatest effect of crisis management in increasing the sense of security includes reducing risk and danger, social support, social order, and reducing crimes and delinquency.

The feeling of security is necessary and essential for the healthy physical and mental condition of the people of the society. security puts the person in a state of mental and psychological structure disorder. Crisis management and control can provide a stable and peaceful society and the security of its citizens against unexpected events and drastic changes.

Examining some concepts, in addition to clearly helping to understand its meaning and better understanding of the subject literature and following it in the view of Islamic economics, is useful and even necessary in that it has a decisive effect on the structure and arrangements of a system. Scarcity is one of the structural concepts in social and economic systems, and research on it can explain the position of Islamic thought in comparison with other economic schools and affect the structure appropriate to the Islamic economic system. This article, while examining the concept of scarcity in the knowledge of economics, provides an explanation of its meaning in Islamic economics and emphasizes the difference between the meaning of this word in two perspectives. The method used in this study is in the library collection stage and in the position of content analysis evaluation. The article concludes that in Islamic economics there is absolute scarcity and relative scarcity in a completely different sense from the concept in conventional economics.

Foreign trade and its relationship with economic growth is one of the most controversial topics, especially in the selection of development strategies in developing countries, and there is still no agreement among economists on how trade policies and full employment can be related. Also, the trade liberalization program as a process of reforming foreign trade policies is the basis for international competitiveness and the participation of countries in economic activities. Of course, in the course of this program, activities that do not have a good competitive ability will lose the possibility to continue working. For this purpose, the welfare effects of foreign trade policy reform on full employment in the period 1380 to 1397 through the method of autoregressive model with interruption A distribution has been investigated. The results showed that trade liberalization has a significant effect on employment by applying the policies of eliminating or reducing tariffs and increasing imports in the short term.

Iran is among the countries with a high per capita consumption of energy. Despite the positive aspects of energy consumption, the negative side effects cannot be ignored. The environmental pollution is considered to be the most important environmental risk to health globally. Therefore, it is essential to receive green tax in order to reduce the threats to the environment and the people’s health. This study uses a general equilibrium model to consider the effects of different sectors of the economy, energy, environment and health sectors on simulating the effect of green tax on emission of pollutants, health indicators and welfare in Iran's economy. The model is calibrated with the data from the Social Accounting Matrix of 2011 in Iran and the endogenous variables of the model are calculated using the MCP technique and using the GAMS software. The results of the study showed that by applying the green tax policy, the spread of all pollutants in various degrees is always reduced. However, due to increasing the welfare of whole community, considering the effects of applying this policy on the health sector, green tax on energy inputs are proposed to prevent the increase in health costs caused by air pollution.

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of imposing agricultural tax on macroeconomic variables, sectoral output and households’ welfare. To get the objective, a Social Accounting Matrix based CGE model was applied. The findings showed that imposing tax rate of 20% on agricultural land and natural resources will increase government tax revenues by more than 5 percent; however it has a negligible effect on other variables. As for value added (output) tax, a 15% tax will result in 15% (more than 20%) increase in government tax revenues while it induces a reduction in GDP by less than 2% (more than 3.2%) as well as prices increase by 3.2% (around 4%). However, 15% value added tax is expected to reduce output in some agricultural activities by more than 10% as well as by less than 3% in no-agricultural sectors. The same pattern of output changes is expected to be realized for output tax scenario. The rural households’ welfare will decrease by more than 4% under land and agricultural natural resources tax of 15% while those of the urban households tend to increase slightly. The corresponding values for 15% value added tax in rural and urban areas are 7-9% and 4-5% welfare reduction, respectively. Imposing this tax rate on agricultural output will lower the rural households’ welfare by 10-12% while the corresponding range for urban households is half of the rural households’ one.

Next to wheat, rice is considered as the second strategic crop in the world (FAO, 2016). It plays a very important role in the food security; its share in providing daily calories for the people of the world is more than 20% (Cruz et al., 2009). Considering the water shortage in Iran and rice being a water-consuming products in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to provide appropriate solutions and policies to reduce water consumption in the agricultural sector and deal with the recent droughts and water shortages in most regions of Iran. In this regard, the restriction on rice cultivation in non-northern provinces was proposed by the Ministry of Agricultural in order to manage water consumption. According to the literature in the field, this study makes an attempt to investigate the quantitative and welfare aspects of implementing the cultivation restriction policy on the prices of the domestic and imported rice. Then, it calculates the welfare changes in the society. Therefore, in the following, first the research method is stated, and then the obtained results are used to do the necessary analyses and make practical suggestions. Agricultural policy analysis models provide a context in which it is possible to describe the structure of the market and trade of agricultural products, the behavior of economic agents and market actors as well as the effect of agricultural policies (or the effect of economic changes in general) on the structure of the market and trade. The other advantages of this model include its compatibility with different market conditions, its flexibility in modeling different commercial and market policies (quotas, restrictions, tariffs, guaranteed prices, taxes, etc.), and the possibility of carefully examining the effects of imposing restrictions. In this research, the spatial equilibrium model has been used to investigate the effect of rice cultivation restrictions on the market index as well as the producer and consumer welfare. Therefore, the plan proposed by the government was defined as a scenario in the model in such a way that the amount of rice production in all the provinces of the country (except Gilan and Mazandaran) is considered zero. The data of this study were collected from various statistical sources, such as Iran Statistics Center, Central Bank, Ministry of Agricultural, Iran Customs website, Consumer and Producer Protection Organization and FAO official website. Based on the cultivation limitation scenario in the model, the amount of rice production in the country's provinces, except the provinces of Gilan and Mazandaran, was considered to be zero. As a result of applying this scenario, the amount of domestic production will decrease by 641 thousand tons, i.e., a 32.6% decrease. This decrease in supply increases the price of domestic rice and, thus, increases the production in the remaining two provinces. That is, the amount of production in Gilan and Mazandaran Provinces increases by 2.2% and 2.6%, respectively. Also, applying this policy will increase the supply price by 59.3% and 78.5%, respectively.Based on the estimated model and as a result of the decrease in the market demand, the welfare of the society will decrease by 23.7%. The greater percentage of this reduction belongs to the welfare of rice producers in the provinces where rice planting restrictions have been imposed. This is because the area under rice cultivation is reduced by 31.4%. If the amount of water consumption per hectare of rice is considered to be at least 15 thousand cubic meters, the implementation of the restrictions policy can save three billion cubic meters in the whole country. Also, the lost prosperity per cubic meter will have a value of 1590 Tomans per hectare. Therefore, for the economic justification of this restriction, the saved water should create at least this amount of welfare. If the plan to restrict rice cultivation is implemented, domestic rice production will decrease by 32.6% and demand by 7.5%. On the other hand, the import of this product will increase by 47.5%, which, according to the average price in the year 2022, will require 347 million dollars to allocate. The implementation of this policy will lead to an increase in the supply price in Gilan and Mazandaran Provinces by 69%, while the supply increase in these two provinces will be only 2.5%. Since there is a limit of arable land in these two provinces, increasing the supply will face a serious challenge. Due to the decrease in the demand and domestic supply, the welfare of the society will also decrease by 23.7 percent, which will have a much greater effect on the producer’s side. Also, estimates show that the amount of welfare that is saved per cubic meter of water as a result of not cultivating rice will be 1590 Tomans. Therefore, the substitute use of water should create at least this amount of welfare for the society.

In the last and critical years of Qajar reign the lack of a powerful central government caused Reza Khan to reach positions such as “Head of the Cossack Division”, “Minister of War and the commander-in-Chief of the Army (=Sardar Sepah)”, “Prime Minister”, and then he took over the temporary government and overthrew the Qajar dynasty. During this period, Reza Khan issued many declarations that contained various contents about the military, social and political situation of the country. The study and analysis of these declarations makes it possible to understand the causes, factors and the process of his rise to power, the way of changing the monarchy, and the important governmental, military and political changes of Iran in the 20th century. An important part of these declarations is about the military structure of the country, the security situation and its organization, prioritizing the independence of the fatherland, patriotism, establishing order, safety and welfare of Iranians, and social and political priorities. The research question is about:” What points did Reza Khan’s declarations contain about the situation of Iran during the end of Qajar period, and which political and social components did he emphasize? The findings of this research show that the study of the history of Reza Khan’s period from the time he became the Head of the Cossack division to the position of king, in addition to revealing his thinking and activities, also shows the change in his intellectual and political approaches from a soldier to a military ruler.

Smart cities utilize technology to enhance the quality of life for their residents. This technology can be applied in various areas, including transportation, energy, safety, health, and the environment. Public relations in these cities play a crucial role in planning, implementing, and evaluating programs that emphasize urban intelligence as a means to promote societal health and well-being. This article is based on a qualitative study, involving interviews with individuals knowledgeable in the fields of smart cities, public relations, and social health. Interviewees represented a diverse range of backgrounds, including government, industry, and academia. The findings of this study demonstrate a close relationship between smart cities, public relations, and social health. Smart cities can contribute to improving social health by enhancing citizen participation, reducing crime rates, and improving environmental quality, while public relations can aid in promoting smart cities and raising awareness about their benefits. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend that governments and private organizations invest more in smart cities and leverage the expertise of public relations professionals to promote initiatives and policies that contribute to social health in smart cities, while also engaging citizens in the planning and implementation of smart city projects.

This paper seeks to determine the optimal pension policy according to the aging of the Iran’s population, by calculating the optimal replacement rate and simulating transition to this rate. For this purpose, an OverLapping Generations Model, with five main parts of population, household, production, government and pension system, was calibrated. Demographic data related to the next hundred years were used based on the United Nations report and the relevant variables were predicted. In first step, the optimal value of replacement rate for the year 1430 was calculated. The results show that the replacement rate will be optimal in the range of 15 percent. Also, the results show that by adjusting the replacement rate to the optimal rate, the amount of contribution rate will also decrease significantly. In the next step It was assumed that the government adjust the replacement rate, and of course contribution rate, of the pension system to the optimal amount during a forty-five-year plan through a fiscal policy that will be implemented in 1400. The results showed that with transferring to the optimal policy, the capital stock, labor supply, production and welfare will increase.

One of the challenges in today's world is that each generation defines success differently based on their current circumstances and advancements in science and technology. However, studying human beings and their success solely through the lens of psychology is insufficient due to the complexity of human nature. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of various teachings, including religious and philosophical doctrines, is needed for the study of success. This article aims to provide an accurate and all-encompassing definition of success, taking into account the common nature of humans, so that it can serve as a guiding principle for all generations. This analytical review article employs a library research method to gather qualitative data. The content analysis technique is used to analyze textual materials. Through written sources, relevant information regarding the concept of success in Islamic literature is collected. Content analysis is conducted to define and determine its dimensions, resulting in a comprehensive and precise identification and definition of success based on Islamic literature. Additionally, the sections of success analysis are delineated in terms of objective, subject, and methodology. By considering the aforementioned points in Islamic teachings, this study addresses the subject of success at three levels: foundations, theories, and philosophy, with the aim of achieving a proper understanding of success. Ultimately, a proposal is presented, titled "Citizen Social Profile," which utilizes individuals' positive and negative backgrounds through the Fada System (Voluntary Social Activities) as a means to promote the well-being and happiness of the population.

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of labor’s tax policy on the situation of poor and wealthy families in efficient financial policy model within the DSGE framework from 1998 to 2020. The tax change of the labor force and the role of poor and wealthy family can change the results of the efficient policies in economy, and implement new policies. The results indicated that in such models, the role of labor’s tax plays a significant role in policy making, and the policy of tax change on labor force makes a difference on the welfare of the poor and wealthy families. Therefore, improving the monetary and financial policies of government should consider the welfare of the poor and rich families. The analysis of tax reforms by government through Ramzi problem in poor and wealthy families showed that the execution of increasing tax on labor force by the government can lead to welfare reduction in the short term and its increase in the long term.

By reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy, it is increasing the number of elderly people as well as retirees in the world. Retirement is a turning point in the lives of middle-aged people, which is associated with changes in daily life, social roles and economic issues, and self-image. Since retirement is a critical stage in a retiree's life, you can get through it easily if you stay healthy and safe. In general, quality of life is a multidimensional concept, relative and influenced by time and place, as well as individual and social values, which should be considered in its various aspects, to get a more complete picture of this concept. It is also necessary to make the necessary decisions to improve the quality of life and its roots and causes of existence. Therefore, pay attention to the fact that this segment of society is already needed by researchers, planners, planners. In particular, the retirees of the forces who will be accompanied by challenges during the retirement of these people, for this purpose, attention is paid to these challenges, which are examined in this study. In this, using comparative studies and interviews with the study of successful international and national concepts and experiences, the improvement and promotion of armed forces retirees based on legatum indicators has been discussed as the main goal and in solutions to increase the growth of Iranian armed forces retirees. A comparative study of the situation of retirees and facilities in the country is presented.

Increasing human well-being as one of the priorities of economic development requires the identification of potential government revenues. Therefore, according to this necessity, the aim of the present research is to investigate the role of the underground economy on the economic well-being in Iran for the period of 1976-2021. For this purpose, the volume of the underground economy was estimated by the MIMIC method and the research model was estimated by the ARDL approach. The estimation of the size of the underground economy shows that during the 46 years under investigation, the average relative size of the size of the underground economy is equal to 15.7%. Also, the combined index of well-being has been used in this research. Which has an average of 125.9 in the research period. The findings from the estimation of the model indicate that in the long run of the underground economy, inflation and the growth of the exchange rate (dollar) of the free market have an adverse effect on economic well-being. The size of the government also has an inverted U-shaped effect on economic well-being. In such a way that the optimal size of the government in influencing the economic welfare is 14.8% and above that, it leads to a decrease in the economic welfare.

Providing housing for low-income groups is one of the problems for governments. Low-income households spend much of their annual income on housing, so it is imperative for every government to provide housing for the welfare of society. The importance of social housing is due to the provision of adequate housing for the lower deciles and the adjustment of its important challenges due to limited energy resources and increased demand. The building sector is one of the largest energy consumers in the world, especially in Iran. Proper housing design avoids energy waste. Therefore, social housing design with the approach of optimal energy consumption as macroeconomic and social policy is considered in this study. If Iran continues the same process in energy production, transmission, distribution and consumption, it will pose a serious threat to the economy. The overall goals include reducing the share of housing in the living cost basket and optimizing energy use in social housing. The research method is analytical, field and simulation of the proposed model in Tehran, while maintaining affordable prices, respond to the housing demand by optimizing energy consumption. Initially, social housing was designed in accordance with design standards and based on cost, optimization of energy-efficient parameters such as form, orientation, neighborhood, details of building components, etc. and finally it was shown that the proposed scheme was more desirable than the existing one. The obtained results are providing solutions with economic justification of social housing plan by optimizing energy consumption.

This article examines the sustainable economic growth of energy for OPEC member countries. and calculates an index for sustainable economic well-being for OPEC member countries, and deals with the relationship between conventional energy growth and the level of well-being in OPEC member countries. Also, considering the limitations of using GDP in measuring the level of well-being, it examines and analyzes the relationship between conventional energy consumption and the level of well-being using a sustainable economic index. It is a widespread, albeit implicit, belief that a nation's prosperity depends on its energy consumption. In this research, the impact of energy consumption on economic well-being in OPEC member countries during the period of 2007-2021 has been investigated. The calculations of the panel vector autoregression model indicate that the energy consumption shock has increased welfare in OPEC member countries. Inflationary shock also left a negative and then a positive effect on well-being at first, and the reaction of the oil income shock was first positive and then negative.

Economic sanctions are a low-cost tool that replaces military action with a high economic, political and human cost. The severity of the effects of sanctions depends on the degree of dependence of the target economy on the outside world, the cooperation of the international community with the ones imposing sanctions, and the potential ability to substitute domestic production with imports. If domestic supply is sufficiently resilient, sanctions act, such as an import substitution policy, can lead to higher growth and more employment. Otherwise, sanctions will act as a lack of domestic supply. This study evaluates the welfare effects of sanctions on basic items - whose rising prices affect living standards. We use a multiple choice model and logit function, the income and cost effects of sanctions as well as the impact of exchange rate changes on the price of basic goods on the welfare standard and the probability of households joining the poor group are considered. The results show that, due to the inelastic domestic supply, the possibility of substituting imports is limited, so the cost effects are dominant for the year 2019, in the effective exchange rate scenario, poverty growth is estimated at %2.2 (about 1828 thousand people, and in the official exchange rate scenario, poverty growth is 3.1 percent (and about 2575 thousand People have joined the poor group).

After oil revenues, taxes are the second and most important source of government expenditure in Iran's economy. On the other hand, considering the importance of social justice as one of the main goals of the government, the effects of imposing taxes on households are also very important. Therefore, this research, using a calculable general equilibrium model, seeks to investigate the welfare effects of imposing indirect taxes on different income deciles in Iran. For this purpose, two scenarios have been applied and the reactions of households with different income deciles to these scenarios have been investigated. In the first scenario, a uniform tax was imposed on all goods and services at a rate of five percent and in the second scenario, a tax on food at a zero rate, a tax on some luxury goods at a rate of 14 pecent and a tax on other goods at the same rate of 5 percent. EV index was also used to measure welfare. The results of the model show that the imposition of indirect taxes in the first scenario worsens the welfare of low-income households, while the second scenario improves the welfare of poor households and worsens the welfare of rich households. However, in the first scenario, the GDP was higher than in the second scenario. Therefore, it is recommended to choose a tax policy using an integrated tax system, we will see efficiency and economic justice.