جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پروپاگاندا » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

One of the common ideas for crisis communication is that the media consensus on the role of the government causes people to sympathize with the government and helps the government to control the crisis. In order to investigate the functioning of the media at the beginning of the crisis, the present article studies the role of political affiliation of Iranian news agencies in the representation of the government during the crisis of the Covid-19 Pandemic in the first seven months of the outbreak of this disease. For this purpose, a conceptual framework based on three models of the relationship between government and media, i.e. hegemony, propaganda, and Indexing has been set. Also, the qualitative approach and the inductive framework analysis method were used to analyze 794 news items that were selected from two news agencies affiliated with the reformists, namely IRNA and ILNA, and two news agencies affiliated with fundamentalists, namely Fars and Mehr. The findings, while showing the decreasing trend of production of corona virus related news in the studied period, show that all news agencies have used the frame of “criticizing the government, but unlike other news agencies, The results show that during the first Covid-19 wave, all news agencies acted based on the hegemonic model and they have agreed on important issues such as the manageability of the corona virus and the conditions caused by pandemic. But during the second wave, we see a lack of agreement between news agencies.

Fake news presents a complex regulatory challenge in the increasingly democratized and intermediated on-line information ecosystem. Inaccurate information is readily created by actors with varying goals, rapidly distributed by platforms motivated more by financial incentives than by journalistic norms or the public interest, and eagerly consumed by users who wish to reinforce existing beliefs. Yet even as awareness of the problem grew after the 2016 U.S. presidential election, the meaning of the term “fake news” has become increasingly disputed and diffused. This Article first addresses that definitional challenge, offering a useful taxonomy that classifies species of fake news based on two variables: their creators’ motivation and intent to deceive. In particular, it differentiates four key categories of fake news: satire, hoax, propaganda, and trolling. This analytical framework can provide greater rigor to debates over the issue. Next, the Article identifies key structural problems that make each type of fake news difficult to address, albeit for different reasons. These include the ease with which authors can produce user generated content online and the financial stakes that platforms have in highlighting and disseminating that material. Authors often have a mixture of motives in creating content, making it less likely that a single solution will be effective. Consumers of fake news have limited incentives to invest in challenging or verifying its content, particularly when the material reinforces their existing beliefs and perspectives. Finally, fake news rarely appears alone: it is frequently mingled with more accurate stories, such that it becomes harder to categorically reject a source as irredeemably flawed. Then, the Article classifies existing and proposed interventions based upon the four regulatory modalities catalogued by Larry Lessig: law, architecture (code), social norms, and markets. It assesses the potential and shortcomings of extant solutions. Finally—and perhaps most importantly—the Article offers a set of model interventions, classified under the four regulatory modalities, that can reduce the harmful effects of fake news while protecting interests such as free expression, open debate, and cultural creativity. It closes by assessing these proposed interventions based upon data from the 2020 election cycle.

Analysis of propaganda in contemporary conflicts is not possible without understanding the concept and dimensions of two forms of war propaganda, including "methods of psychological warfare" or the category of "propaganda methods". The eight-year Iran-Iraq war and the two wars known as the First and Second Persian Gulf Wars in the last four decades in the West Asian region are examples of these conflicts in which war propaganda in the form of psychological warfare and propaganda has played an important role.The central question of the research is that the process of war propaganda in the eight-year war between Iraq can be evaluated in which formats, including psychological warfare methods or propaganda methods?Theoretical explanation of the methods of psychological warfare on the one hand and propaganda methods on the other hand constitutes the theoretical framework of this research.The research hypothesis acknowledges that the propaganda policies of the parties to the conflict have used the methods of both forms, namely psychological warfare and propaganda. In this regard, the Iraqi government in the Iran-Iraq war has been more successful in using psychological warfare and propaganda methods against their enemy.The present study tries to study the developments of war propaganda during the mentioned war by descriptive-analytical method and comparative view and by collecting the necessary data and information in a library manner.

Before the beginning of modern era and the amazing development of mass communication technology, art was considered and interested by thinkers. However, after the development of mass media and the development of literature in the field of culture and communication, the category of art, culture and communication was neglected and. caused many problems. This study tries to examine the relationship between three categories of art, culture and communication by studying some of the existing conceptual and theoretical structures. At the beginning, the concepts of "art", "culture", "communication" and "culture and communication" have been studied, and then the views and opinions of thinkers such as Heidegger, Benjamin, Nasr, Avini and Madadpour were investigated in the context of the relationship between these categories. For the conclusion, two descriptive and prescriptive approaches were performed and the approach of "Cultural Artistic Communication" was suggested as a desirable relationship between the categories.

Information warfare is war in information space with the aim of manipulating the systems, processes, information sources, and infrastructure of the target state. The aim of this war, unlike in the past, which was mainly a military victory in the classical war, is to influence the political, economic, cultural and social systems, to create widespread psychological campaigns to undermine the stability of society and to put pressure on a government to decide and act in the interests of information warfare. In this regard, the main question of the article is that under the influence of the ICT revolution and the cyber revolution, what changes has taken place in the information war? In answering to the above-mentioned question, it is hypothesized that under the influence of the ICT revolution and the cyber revolution, information warfare has expanded from the operational and tactical level to the strategic level and has included political, economic, cultural and social dimensions. The research method of this article is descriptive and analytical. The ultimate goal of the article is to discuss the evolution of the concept and application of information warfare under the influence of the information and communication revolution and the cyber revolution. Research findings show that knowledge, especially cyber knowledge, is the key to success in the field of information warfare.

The replacement of the conservative Parthians with the arrogant Sassanians was a major turning point in the geostrategic policies of the Iranian Empire. Thus, the change of attitude of the Romans towards the Eastern superpower soon manifested itself in the first works of contemporaneous historians with Ardeshir I. Roman writers tried to bridge the gap between the Sassanians and the Achaemenian memory. In addition to this perception, the Roman propaganda machine and the newly established depiction also provided a suitable response to it. Rome’s strategy in the challenging third century CE was to exaggerate its military successes over the Sassanians and even to present deceitful official reports. During this period, they constructed a political-propagandistic pattern to represent the events of their eastern fronts. The aim of this study is to understand the Roman mentalities towards Iranshahr in the third century CE and to some extent to adapt it to the realities.

One of the most important components of psychological media operations is propaganda, which, although the peak of the use of propaganda dates back to World War II, but is still frequently used in soft warfare. Currently, different governments, groups and individuals are in conflict with each other by using new methods of propaganda in psychological media operations. Therefore, the present study is a descriptive-applied study and using grounded theory method and using Maxquda software to identify, classify and extract the components and dimensions of propaganda in psychological media operations. The statistical population consisted of 25 professors of Nowshahr University of Marine Sciences and specializing in soft warfare and psychological operations and media, who participated in the processes of coding, classification of major and minor classes and identifying components and dimensions. The findings of this study showed that the use of propaganda or propaganda in psychological media operations includes a variety of components and effective dimensions, which can be: strategies, tactics, techniques, media and Its effects are pointed out. Since such a tool easily has the ability and power to infiltrate the most private privacy of individuals in a society, the researchers concluded that all individuals from all walks of life should be continuously educated on how to recognize and deal with this threat. To see.

The current research investigates the similarities and differences of various narratives made by BBC and Iran’s national channel on covering the news about the so called events regarding the insults against the holy prophet made by the French Charlie Hebdo cartoon magazine. In other words, the current research intends to recognize the news and media policies on this event. The main aim of the current research is to compare the narratives made by BBC and Iran’s national channel on the event. Therefore, such critical theories as framing theory, imaging theory, discourse theory , ideology and the theories on diplomacy were applied. Here, a comparative study of the narration methods and the analysis of the two above mentioned channels was done. In order to collect data, the observation method and the visual documents were used in order to identify the indices applied for the narratives. The results showed that different media with their own news and policies try to stress on the news which can attract audiences so that they may believe the news as the real ones. Keywords: insulting the holy prophet, media policy, narrative analysis, National channel