جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « cause » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

In this article, different approaches of traditional risk analysis and the phase-based multi-criteria decision-making application for quality analysis of CNC milling machine are examined. The proposed framework of this article can help the system analyst and maintenance engineer with better planning by identifying and prioritizing risks.

The statistical population of this research is 25 people and consists of experts in the fields of design, production, maintenance repair, safety and quality control. In this method, five working committees with different specializations have been used. Specialists are graded according to specific characteristics including education level, age, job position and work experience. The weight of each group of working committees is determined based on the composition of the experts. First, by using the cause and effect diagram and brainstorming method, failures were identified. A questionnaire was distributed for each of the breakdowns identified from the cause and effect diagram (Fish Bone), and opinions were collected with language expressions on a 7-point Likert scale, and the breakdown situations were prioritized using the TOPSIS phase method. Also, different traditional and phase FMEA approaches were compared.

A total of 17 failure modes were identified, seven of which were evaluated as critical for the system. In the current study, the defects of the spindle connections, the failure of the axle and bed brakes, the failure of the Y-axis bearing, the failure of the control panel handrail, the failure of the C-axis, and the failure of the Hayden Hein control panel control system. The device is identified as a priority failure and the failure of the HMI control panel as a critical failure mode.

Since about 41% of the malfunctions identified in the device under study are critical, it is necessary to plan and implement preventive maintenance and repairs for them.

Hadith Raf' is one of the most important evidences in the explanation of secondary rulings, which includes 9 titles, but the main efforts of the usulists are focused on the paragraph "Malaya'lamun" in the debate freeness, and in jurisprudence, it is scattered under different topics to some paragraphs. On the other hand, scientists have often described the Taklifi rulings of secondary titles on various topics, and no comprehensive and complete research has been presented in the field of the Waz'i rulings of these titles, except Mohaqeq Naini who have analyzed in detail the different states of belonging to these titles.In the following article, using descriptive and analytical methods, using scientific software, attention has been paid to analyzing the possibilities and different forms of topics such as urgency, error, and reluctance when are loaded on Waz'i rulings, and as a result, according to Mohaqeq Naini's inference, the Hadith Rafa' in the causes is considered to be correct and sound but in details and conditions is not correct, and in effects, there are two cases regarding the inclusion of Hadith Rafa' effects: It includes contractual effects but does not include existential effects. It is concedered unreasonable.

One significant skepticism surrounding God’s existence and attributes arises from the presence of evils, a challenge not only faced by atheists but also by theists. Upon analysis, it becomes apparent that evils in the material world do not reflect any flaws in the divine essence. In fact, there are several reasons behind the human perception of evils. Thus, since evils existentially manifest, they possess inherent goodness, with any perceived flaw being merely a product of human perspective. Evils are perceived in various ways—stemming from conflicts within the material world, as a result of human choices, or due to certain outcomes not aligning with human desires. It is essential to recognize that the overall balance of the universe is not dictated solely by human will and desires; instead, causal necessity governs the events of the world. Humans, through their choices, contribute to this evolutionary course. While evils may not be desirable from a human standpoint, the causal system of the world indicates the permanent agency and power of God, alongside the influence of human free will as a natural entity within this system. Creatures' effects cannot be eliminated from this causal system; thus, evils can be addressed by rectifying one’s individual practices. Moreover, evils are inherent to the material world and are part of divine power within the causal system.

The discussion of causation in general and the discussion of the mu`iddih cause is one of the important and path-breaking topics of ontology, which can play a significant role in correct understanding in theology, cosmology, and anthropology. Despite all this, the problem of the mu`iddih cause has been less analyzed and sometimes it is satisfied with a vague definition of it. This ambiguity has turned the mu`iddih cause into a brief answer in many cases. Going through this formal definition and analyzing what exactly is the mu`iddih cause? It can be the basis for deep understanding and solving many problems, such as the doubt of the conflict between science and religion. Because the causes that the sciences investigate and seek to deny or prove are of this kind, and a cause such as vajib al-vujud, which is discussed in religious debates, is one causing existence. In this research, with the method of rational analysis, the definitions given of the mu`iddih cause have been examined, the defects and shortcomings of each have been shown, and it has been found that the mu`iddih cause when not meaning the presence and lack of preceding necessary and path of grace, it is the factor that prepares the matter, creates the capability in the capable and prepare it to receive grace of grace-giver.

The common perspective on the relationship between the special sort of gradation (tashkīk-i khāṣṣī) and the particular unity (al-waḥdat al-shakhsī) of existence suggests their contradiction. According to this view, if one adheres to the particular unity of existence, they must go past the special sort of gradation and believe in the gradation of manifestations of existence rather than the gradation of existence. However, ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī, in his "Conversations," presents a different perspective and believes that these two concepts are not contradictory. This article, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, aims to elucidate the manner of compatibility between the special sort of gradation and the particular unity of existence based on the philosophical foundations of ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī. Finally it becomes evident that, according to ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā'ī’s viewpoint, every cause has an encompassing distinction concerning its effect and, as a result, enjoys a category absoluteness (iṭlāq-i maqsamī). Additionally, he believes that although the effect does not have an independent existence, it does exist. These principles lead to the explanation of the particular unity of existence due to its category absoluteness and the clarification of gradation of existence because of the existence of effects.

Robots are man-made machines designed for various purposes. The advancement of technology has envisioned different uses for them. Their deployment in wars and as weapons is a legal and jurisprudential question, which requires criminal liability for deliberate destruction through them. Understanding the concepts of robot, criminal offenses, cause and agent, commander, destruction, instrument, will be of great help in tackling this problem. Documents in proof of criminal responsibility can be verses that indicate a suretyship through the public. And the application and generality of hadiths, as well as the rule of indirect destruction, which is derived from reason and narration, are the other reasons in this context. Commander’s verity to the designer of such machines, the attention of the surety to non-addicted robots and the attention of the surety to multiple designers, as well as the investigation of causality or stewardship in intelligent robots and assaulting (warrior) robots are other jurisprudential branches of this issue. The role of the robot in performing such actions is a rational concern and cannot be doubted.

In compensating for damages, paying attention to the guaranteed rights victim and in examining the pillars of civil responsibility analysis of the harmful act of the cause of the damage is the focal point. The economic analysis of law, with social engineering, to achieve social goals takes into account all actors and activists. This instrumental approach promotes the triple goals of prevention, distribution of damage and compensation. The condition of compensable loss such as predictability and directness and certainty and non-compensation of loss in legal analysis is based on fairness, ethics and justice. Every loss cannot be considered claimable, civil liability must have a logical and fair limit and an unlimited liability cannot be tolerated. In economic analysis, the reduction of the final cost determines the characteristic of compensable loss and compensability of any loss is not reasonable and efficient. The economy is a guide in determining the fault of the harmful act by providing an objective criterion and makes the relationship of causality, contrary to the conventional concept, efficient, and. This relationship exists between the loss and the factor that avoids with less cost

Nowadays, education is considered a long-term investment in many societies. which is achieved at the cost of ignoring the short-term growth of society's facilities. Problems such as anxiety, worry, apprehension, and weakness in solving physical problems and understanding their concepts initially cause a decrease in academic grades, then cause apathy and finally cause them to have little interest in physics at higher levels, especially university degrees. Now that physics is one of the basic sciences and considerable attention should be paid to solve the problems in this case. Considering that the physics course is apparently a new subject in the tenth grade, to solve the educational problems and issues, one can use the main methods of creating creative thinking and quality control and SWOT management tools, such as the scientific method of cause and effect of the table of other scientific methods. In this research, the most important factors that are involved in the academic failure of the 10th grade physics students were investigated and analyzed using the matrix method using questionnaire data.

Despite the significance of the possibility of producing new evidence in the phase of appeal in a proceeding, there is no explicit rule in this regard. This issue is controversial among the scholars in the field of procedural law and the judges in connection with the appellate stage of a proceeding. Most of the courts have induced from the laws and regulations which governs this issue, the fact that a judge can make reference to the new evidence in the appellate, such as new investigation, inspection of scene, or new deeds, even if those evidences have been out of the point or have been deviated or have not been considered by the court of first instance due to any reason. Such approach, from the view point of precedent in the field of appeal, has been provoked by the Iranian Law of Civil Procedure (1939) and Article 563 of French new Civil Procedure Code and it can be said that the judicial precedents in this regard have been established on the basis of the same laws. The only limitation thereof is reference to the new evidence for proving those claims which had been under consideration of the first instance court. However, such precedent is not compatible with jurisprudential (feghhi) history of appeal and the very texts of some laws. Thus the conservative approach of the courts in this regard should be taken into account In the process of the future development of legislation. By following such an approach the legislator can be pushed to revert to the previous laws and regulations concerning the appeal, taking into account some adjustments thereto for confronting the prolongation of adjudications.

Undoubtedly, the present age is the age of organizations and the custodians of these organizations are humans, humans who, by possessing the greatest source of power, that is, thinking, can create the causes of excellence, movement and growth of organizations. Organizations can integrate effective talent management strategies into their workforce programs from proven methods and systems to properly optimize human capital resources to increase their competitive advantage and maintain their market share. In this article, the system dynamics method is used to identify the cause and effect loops of the talent management system. In this research, using articles, library sources, and using the opinions of experts and experts of the National Oil Products Distribution Company, as well as academic experts in the field of talent management, cause and effect diagrams have been drawn. Vensim software has been used to draw these circles. The results of this research show that the talent management system has the main subsystems of organizational strategy, human resource empowerment, talent alignment, talent evaluation and talent development. Also, the causal loops obtained from the 15 subsystems of this model, the influencing variables and how they interact with each other were drawn and presented as a basis for providing a solution. Finally, the factors affecting talent management in the case of open control lead to the improvement of talent management.

The exegesis of the verses of the Quran throughout history has suffered changes and evolution. One of these verses is verse 18 of Aale Imran well-known as “Shahidallah” (Allah bears witness…). The testimony of God, the angels, and the Resolute (ʾulul ʿaẓm) Messengers to the Oneness of God has been expressed in this verse. Regarding what form truly the testimony of God takes and the views of Shiite and Sunni exegetes about that are questions that need to be researched.This paper examines and analyzes the exegetic views by utilizing library resources, Islamic science databases, and software through a content analysis method. The results show that the development of views regarding the testimony starts from the verbal, continues with action, and ends with essence. Similarly, an analysis of the results shows that because all three types of views are linear, thus, all three kinds of testimony, that is, verbal, action, and concrete can be correct in this verse. The following are among the factors that affect the emergence of exegetic views: exegetic inclinations and tendencies, the dominant discourse of every age, the prevalence of conflict among Shiite and Sunni exegetes, the Mongol and Ilkhanid attacks, the critiques of the orientalists, the Islamic Awakening Movement, and the fusion of philosophical and mystical discussions. Similarly, among the effects and functions of this verse, we can point out the citation, theological, social and educative, and teaching and guidance functions.

The inappropriate use of "cause" in the translation of Aition and transferring the conceptual and metaphysical content of active cause to other causes, especially the ultimate cause, has caused misinterpretations and misunderstanding of this concept. If the relationship between cause and explanation is not taken into account, there will be confusion between the meaning of cause in the new philosophy and Aitia, which is caused by not taking into account the difference between "view to fact" and the mind, or the distinction between proof and evidence. In this article, the why and how to enumerate the Aristotelian causes and the ontological and epistemological strains of the relationship between cause and explanation are discussed from his point of view. The reason for Aristotle's fourfold classification of causes and the understanding of the causal relationship should be found based on the category of change and movement or the relationship between the creator and the artifact. The role of change and movement can be considered as the foundation of the natural analysis of causality based on the teachings of physics and metaphysics, in parallel with Aristotle's theory of causality in secondary analyzes based on the concepts of the middle ground of evidential analogy and general causal innateness. It is possible to consider the cause as a type of explanation or as a part of the explanation known as the causal explanation in such a way that it is both an explanation and an explanation of the cause.

Undoubtedly, the lyrical genre is the most widespread among literary genres. Some contemporary scholars have considered it to be the oldest literary genre and have divided it into several branches. One of the most important topics in the field of literary genres and perhaps the most important topic in the field of this type of genre is love. The purpose of this research is to study in a descriptive-analytical way, the motives of the love component in the Divan of Aref Qazvini and its various manifestations from the perspective of Aref. Out of a total of 229 poems that have been mentioned in the Divan of Aref Qazvini in various forms of ode, lyric, Masnavi, couplet, single verse and ballad, almost 106 are directly or indirectly dedicated to the component of love;That is about 46.28 percent of the total volume of the mystic court. Certainly, several motives have been effective in the application of this component in the mystic court. According to studies, the most important motivations of Aref Qazvini from the use of this component were patriotism, composition and love experiences, affection for friends and people, welcoming the love poems of other poets, lively life and political pressures.

Causality as an existential cause serves as a basis for Avicenna’s philosophy and is one of the vital principles of philosophical and rational problems. As a rationalist philosopher, Avicenna has proposed some new insights including the idea that causality is based on existence. Proposing the distinction between existence and essence, he has provided a new model for the God-world relationship. He believes that the relationship between the creator and the created can be explained by examining the causality relationship. Among different causes, he prioritizes the efficient cause (Agent) which makes things exist out of nothing. As to the God-world relationship explanation, he argues that God governs the world of beings as the cause of causes. As for its existence and non-existence, the Being as the effect and the possible (non-aseity) needs a preponderance (Murajjih) that is the cause of causes. Avicenna believes that God’s essential aseity entails God’s necessitated existence. Not only he defines the dependency of the caused on the cause as “the necessity by virtue of another” (Wujub Bilghair) or existential possibility in Sadra’s words, but he emphasizes the existential relationship between the caused and the cause. Then he opens a clearer horizon towards the primacy of being which had a great impact on Islamic philosophers as well as Western philosophers like Thomas Aquinas.