جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « conflict » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The main objective of this research is to identify the function of behavior and body language in creating the dramatic expression present in the story of Prophet Yusuf (Joseph) in the Quran.

The information and data in this research have been collected through the library method and then analyzed using the narrative analysis method.

Part of the life of Prophet Yusuf is mentioned in the Quran, and his story is addressed in different numbers of verses. By examining all the verses, in some of them, behaviors and actions can be seen in the form of body language that have advanced the suspense, character development, and conflict in the story. Rereading the Quranic story of Yusuf, considering the analysis of the dramatic expression present in it, provides us with new points in storytelling and the rhetorical style of the Quran.

In the story of Prophet Yusuf, behavior and body language have been used to create dramatic expression. In this story, God has unveiled thoughts and ideas, emotions, moral values, and personality traits through the limbs of the body and their states, which, in line with dramatic expression, have caused the creation and intensification of suspense, character development, and conflict. This has led to the eloquence and, consequently, the complete penetration and influence of the divine word, considering the psychological characteristics of human understanding, and best illustrates the purpose of narrating the story of Prophet Yusuf.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of treatment based on the acceptance and commitment approach (ACT) with reality therapy on marital cohesion in conflicted couples in the post-corona era. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study was all conflicted couples who were referred to clinics and counseling centers in the 20th district of Tehran in 2022. 45 people were selected purposefully and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The research tool was Samani Marital Coherence (MCQ, 2002). Treatment intervention based on acceptance and commitment approach (ACT) and reality therapy was implemented in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, twice a week as a group for the first and second experimental groups. The data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the post-test and the follow-up groups of the test and evidence of marital cohesion (P<0.05) and acceptance and commitment therapy was significantly more effective than reality therapy on the marital cohesion of conflicted couples in the post-corona period and between the two treatments, A significant difference was observed (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be said that the acceptance and commitment approach (ACT) was more effective than reality therapy in increasing marital cohesion in conflicted couples.

Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the word of God, but critics of the Qur'an have always tried to create doubts against this divine book in order to cast doubt on the divinity of the Qur'an Considering the spread of these doubts in the recent centuries and the contexts of the emergence of this doubt, in this article, in a descriptive and analytical way, while explaining the literary doubt and the factors of its occurrence and emergence, the course of the emergence and development of such doubt in five The period from the era of descent to the late period has been investigated.The most important findings of this research are: In the era of the descent of the prophet's wisdom, he blocked the way of casting any doubts, while the lack of compilation of the rules of the Arabic language at that time ruled out such a doubt. During the period of the Imams (as) and companions, factors such as; The phenomenon of different readings, weakness in the Arabic script, the presence of similar verses and difficult words, became the basis for literary disputes in this age, which was met with the response of the Companions and the wisdom of the Imams (AS). By moving away from the age of texts due to the spread of conquests, the increase of new converts to Islam, and the hostility of Zandaqah, literary doubts have increased, Islamic thinkers tried to answer these doubts in their writings. In the recent period of disregard for literary rules and the hostile view of some orientalists, literary doubts have developed in a new format.

Animals have played an important role in armed conflicts since ancient times. Transporting supplies, soldiers and military and medical equipment, searching for wounded soldiers, damaging enemy positions, especially by detonating bombs attached to animals or their carcasses, are among the most important forms of using animals in conflict. Considering the increase in the use of animals, especially dolphins, by states to achieve military objectives in armed conflicts, it is necessary to know the standards and support frameworks regarding them. Therefore, this article, based on a descriptive-analytical method, answers the question, what approach has international humanitarian law adopted in this regard? This article concludes that due to the lack of specific rules in international humanitarian law on the ban on the use of animals as military purposes, it must be referred to the general humanitarian rules especially the articles of the first additional protocol to the Geneva conventions of 1949 to explain the legal system of the subject. By considering animals as a part of the environment and placing them in the category of special and protected objects under Article 54 of the said protocol, A support system can be considered for them. Of course, due to the special situation of animals compared to the human, the implementation of the principles of humanitarian rights, such as separation, proportionality, precautions in attack is faced with complications and ambiguities.

IntroductionThe Caspian Sea region due to the presence of huge energy reserves and being located at the point of connection between the two continents of Asia and Europe; It becomes more important day by day. The interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is one of the important members of this new region, are highly dependent on the pattern governing the region and its security issues.MethodologyBy using the literature of modern regionalism and the framework of regional security complexes and a two-step exploratory hybrid research method, the indicators of this theory are first evaluated in the studied region and then using the concept of dependence. Security interdependence, in two dimensions of security conflict (negative aspect of security interdependence) and security cooperation (positive aspect of security interdependence), issues for developing research tools (questionnaire) are counted. Then, in the quantitative stage of the research, the questionnaires are evaluated by a statistical sample of 49 experts in this field.ConclusionAny military cooperation of regional countries with extra-regional powers can lead the region to a security conflict. it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the pursuit of these issues by the newly independent countries is usually the result of the implementation of extensive exercises and the creation of new bases by the Russian Federation in the Caspian Sea region. Therefore, it can be said that if this increasing trend continues in the coming years, the movement of the Caspian Sea region towards controversial patterns is inevitable.

West Asia as a region has always witnesed conflict and crisis due to various ideological, geopolitical, economic and political reasons. Various causes have been mentioned in connection with the formation of behavioral patterns of different local to global actors in the West Asian region. This article tries to answer three basic questions in this field: First, what are the key drivers of conflict in the West Asian region? Second, what are the possible scenarios of conflict in the West Asian region? And third, what are the optimal strategies to settle the conflict in this region? The present research is applied in terms of type and is futures studies and analytic in terms of nature and method. At first step, this article tries to identify the drivers of the conflict by referring to experts in this field and analyzing the findings using MicMac software. After identifying the key drivers, strong scenarios are determined by Scenario Wizard software. The research findings show that out of a total of 876 situations on the scenario portfolio, 592 are critical situations (67.5%), 284 are static situations (32.4%), and 12 are favorable situations (0.1%). Therefore, critical situations occupied a major part of the scenario portfolio. Finally, by considering the most possible scenarios and emphasizing the key drivers of conflict, some strategies are presented to settle the causes of conflict in West Asia.

August1947 marked the date of Pakistan's independence. But this nation's relations with Afghanistan have been incredibly up and down from the time of its formation till now. This tense relationship could have been influenced by a lot of factors. However, it is evident that the blackness of these interactions has been negatively impacted by the Durand boundary line issue. Despite, numerous platforms of convergence, this boundary has led to tensions and a path of divergence for both bordering countries. The focus of this research is to evaluate the Durand border dispute on the turbid relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan. In this respect, a query regarding the impact that Afghanistan's border assertion based on the Durand Treaty had on Afghanistan-Pakistan affiliations can be posed, and what regional consequences it has brought? It seems that the prolonged border claims of the Afghan government related to the Durand border line has led to an increase in their hostility of relations with Pakistan. In this regard, the growth of extremism, the spread of insecurity, and the increase in migration are among the regional consequences of this conflict. And in this regard, the growth of extremism, the spread of insecurity and the increase in migration are among the regional effects of this conflict. The descriptive-analytical qualitative method has been used in this work. The findings of the research show that the Durand border strain between Afghanistan and Pakistan has had a significant negative impact on the relations of both countries in the political, security, economic and cultural aspects, and has caused heavy costs to furthermore, the growth of extremism has led to the spread of insecurity and increased migration as multiple regional upshots.

The formulation of macro policies, rooted in governments’ particular perceptions of identity components and their aspiration to expand such components as subjective interests, has consistently wielded significant influence over governments’ interactions within their respective environments. To this end, governments resort to the securitization of identity in foreign policy, often resulting in heightened divergence between countries and coercive reactions from other governments. Consequently, this process compels states to focus only on military security to safeguard their political existence, thus diverting attention away from the imperative task of advancing the objective development in the country. In this respect, the present research aimed to address how the securitization of identity in foreign policy contributes to the conflict between subjective and objective interests.

As a descriptive–analytical inquiry, the present study employed library resources and statistical data to address the research question.

The theory of securitization, as proposed by the Copenhagen school, posits that a political actor can reframe or construct certain phenomena as security threats, even though they may not inherently pose the smallest threat to their existential security. Securitization, discussed here in relation to the concept of identity, may legitimize the use of hard levers in foreign policy under the guise of maintaining security. However, a pertinent question arises as to why some world states seek to recast identity components as either non-security or security strategies to advance their foreign policy objectives. The question can be addressed within three decision-making approaches; globalization, reaction to humiliation, and metaphysical coercion. First, the globalization approach relies on employing soft power tools to influence global public opinion to accept the identity components championed by the actor state. The objective is to attract rather than coerce others into embracing the desired identity components. The second approach, namely reaction to humiliation, is akin to a kind of cultural revanchism. This approach seeks revenge for the past actions by certain governments against a nation or its current political elite, grounded in both security and non-security expansion of identity in foreign policy. Third, metaphysical coercion shapes the overarching framework of foreign policy based on the ruling elites’ specific perceptions of identity components. It aims to compel nations to adopt the identity conception deemed favorable by the rulers of a country.Therefore, the securitization of identity emerges as an overarching strategy within the metaphysical coercion, and a significant strategy within the reaction to humiliation. The globalization approach appears to lack a strategic utilization of securitization of identity in foreign policy. Moreover, it is possible to combine the approaches, as in coercive–reactive approach which labels its users as possessing conflicting identity at the international level.Conflicting identity refers to securitized cultural, social, and political identities that seek to forcefully supplant others by relying on a deterministic belief in one’s supernatural superiority. Consequently, such an identity, as a whole, becomes targets for coercive reactions from those who fear the erosion of their own identity foundations. Nazi Germany serves as an example of conflicting identity in the early 20th century. Nazi Germany resorted to securitization of metaphysical ideas as in ethnicity and race, and mixed them with post-Versailles humiliation, thus forging a kind of conflicting identity. However, the Nazi securitization process ultimately led to Germany’s defeat and the demise of the Nazi regime, as they sacrificed objective interests in pursuit of metaphysical ideals. A coercive–reactive approach, as discussed in the case of Nazi Germany, may initially rally public support for the government’s coercive measures, temporarily deferring internal discord and friction between them. However, the inevitability of friction, even despite its delay, pertains to the issue of objective development.Securitization of identity in foreign policy not only compels governments to allocate national resources to security and military efforts but also tarnishes the nation’s image on the global stage, leading to the severance or reduction of political andeconomicties and subsequent imposition of numerous sanctions. The prime examples are the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China. Political identity was the cornerstone of the Soviet Union’s resort to securitization in foreign policy. This entailed security-infused conceptions in foreign policy (e.g., mobilizing national resources for exporting the Marxist revolution), which in turn resulted in U.S. sanctions and economic stagnation of the Soviet Union, compared to its Western counterparts. Finally, this course of action seriously contributed to the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union. Similarly, the security measures adopted by the People’s Republic of China also revolved around political identity. The Chinese approach involved the resource waste resulted from exporting the revolution to Third World countries, and the ensuing exclusionary actions by other countries (e.g., in the case of the U.N. seat). This evidently led to the stagnation in terms of objective development. However, with the ascent of Deng Xiaoping to power, the securitization of identity was phased out from China’s foreign policy agenda, and developmentalism has become the country’s primary strategy.As evidenced by these cases, the securitization of identity in foreign policy would inevitably lead to political, economic, social, and cultural deadlocks. Those who adopt this strategy are eventually compelled to acknowledge failure and retreat from their fundamental principles.

Securitization of identity in foreign policy, whether rooted in metaphysical coercion, reaction to humiliation, or their combination, will inevitably result in a conflict between subjective and objective interests. This conflict arises due to the depletion of national resources, the exclusionary reactions of other countries, and the imposition of objective pressures on society. Broadly speaking, relying on securitization of identity across all administrative levels, including foreign policy, skews the epistemic validity of actions towards ideological biases, thus neglecting human reason. Consequently, securitization of identity for legitimizing coercive measures across various domains only ensures the subjective security perceived by the government internally, albeit for a limited duration.

among the territories that has undergone the most changes in the field of country divisions in recent decades, and at the same time tensions and conflicts between political and administrative territories have expanded at intra-provincial and inter-provincial levels. Accordingly, the main objective of the present research is to answer the question of which components and factors have played a greater role and importance in the occurrence of tensions and conflicts between the political-administrative territories of the studied province, and how the intensity of tensions and conflicts has been in different parts of the province (at both intra-provincial and inter-provincial levels).

In the present research, using a descriptive-analytical method, first were ranked, based on the findings of field research (questionnaire) and the analysis of the findings of experts’ opinions, the sources of tension and conflict between the political-administrative territories of Fars province (at the intra-provincial and inter-provincial levels). Then, based on library findings, the tensions and conflicts between the political territories of Fars province were extracted and their intensity was categorized, and based on it, a map of zoning of conflicts between the political-administrative territories of the country divisions of Fars province was drawn in two intra-provincial and inter-provincial levels.

Based on the analysis of the research findings, the components of changes in borders and country division boundaries, local competitions, and border disputes have played the greatest role in shaping tensions and conflicts between the political-administrative territories of Fars province (at both intra-provincial and inter-provincial levels). Also, the zoning of the intensity of tensions and conflicts in the studied territory shows that at the intra-provincial level, the tensions and conflicts of Kazeroon and Kooh Chenar counties, Darab and Estehban counties, and Larestan and Gerash counties, and at the inter-provincial level, the tensions and conflicts of Fars province with Hormozgan and Bushehr provinces have the highest intensity and will have more potential for tension and conflict in the future.

The current research was carried out with the aim of a comparative approach to the management of intergenerational conflict in Tehran Municipality, which is trying to provide a local model for the management of intergenerational conflict.

Methodology/Approach:

 The research community in the qualitative part of the research included 24 experts and experts, including senior and senior managers of Tehran Municipality, who had management experience in their relevant organizational departments, which continued until the theoretical saturation stage. In the quantitative part, the statistical population of the research consisted of 305 employees with a bachelor's degree, 170 of whom were selected by simple random method. The main tool for collecting information in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part was a questionnaire.

Considering that the contextual theory of Strauss and Corbin was used to analyze the interviews in the three main steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding, structural equation model and Smart PLS software were used in the quantitative part to validate the model. became In examining the research results of background conditions (generational gap, personality characteristics and current costs of the organization) and intervening conditions (job limitations, legal defects, succession and weak structures) on the effect of strategies on the factors of organizational training, macro strategy in the organization Strengthening the human resources and psychological capital of the organization have been identified as part of the effective components in the research.

In recent years, and in the theory of knowledge; metaphor has found a new meaning, that it is mentioned as the "conceptual metaphor". According to this theory, not only metaphor studies at the level of words, sentences or even at language level but also it studies in the mind, behavior and actions of individuals in a society and it reflects unconsciously. So explanations and study of thoughts, actions and human’s behavior in a society In which they live; is one of the essential functions of this type of metaphor. Thereby in this article we examine the conceptual metaphors of speech in Khaghani‘s odes who Is one of the most important poets of the sixth century; In order to find the cause of many disputes, controversy and conflicts in his contemporary poets.t was found that Khaghani knows speech as property, miracles and magic, maiden bride, competition, pearls, food and tree.That a Kind of superiority and uniqueness in Khaghani‘s mind causes his controversies and immorality with other poets.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of treatment based on meta-emotion, narrative therapy, and imago therapy on marital burnout in conflicted married women. The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included married women with marital conflicts who were referred to Garmsar counseling centers in 2022, 60 of whom were selected voluntarily and randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. The instrument of this research was Pines's Marital Depression Questionnaire (1996, CBM). The educational intervention based on Gottman's meta-emotion approach (2011), O'Hanlon's (1994), and Hendrix's imago therapy (2015) was implemented in 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week as a group for the first, second, and third experimental groups. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up of marital burnout (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the three treatments, and imago therapy was significantly more effective than meta-emotion and narrative therapy on the marital burnout of conflicted married women (P<0.05). It can be concluded that imago therapy can be used as a supportive treatment for marital burnout in conflicted married women.

From Imam Khomeini's point of view, the provisions of the no-harm rule are a primary government prohibition, not a secondary and Shariah one, so the government is obliged to deal with people who cause harm to others. But the important question that is raised is whether the criminal treatment and criminalization of the harmful act in the family institution is compatible with the public interest? This article aims to answer this question by examining the conflict between criminalization in the family institution and expediency from the perspective of Imam Khomeini (RA), in a descriptive-analytical way. Since the ruler of the Islamic government enjoys the absolute guardianship of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and this matter is entrusted to the jurist. The orders and decrees issued by her are valid when they are subject to expediency and agree with it. On the other hand, based on rational and narrative reasons, preserving and strengthening the foundation of the family, by applying peaceful methods, is one of the aims and purposes of the Sharia and a subset of the public interest of the people, and criminalization is sometimes considered a violation of this purpos. Therefore With Imam's interpretation on the issue of "interest" and the supremacy of public interest over all governmental decrees, the conclusion is reached that protecting the foundation of the family is one of the main purposes of the Sharia and is in accordance with the public interest. And in the conflict between the necessity of criminalizing harmful acts in the family institution and protecting the public interest, priority will be given to public interest, not individual interest, and to criminalize it or not, public interest must be taken into consideration. In other words, in the clash of criminalization of the harmful act of family members based on the harmless government decree with the rule of expediency which requires the decriminalization of the family. The rule of expediency comes first, and for criminalizing the family institution, it is necessary to consider the public interest in all cases.

Due to the expansion of experimental sciences and the certainty of these sciences and the influx of this idea from western world to the Islamic world, one of fundamental doubts in new era is the conflict between science and Quran. The conflict between science and the Quran means that there is an apparent inconsistency between the propositions of science and the Qur'an on a single subject, although a real conflict between the Quran and science is inherently impossible. Since Islamic thinkers such as Tabatabayi and Abdoh, have tried to resolve this conflict, the present research aims to to examine, criticize and compare principles and methods of these two thinkers, with a descriptive analytical method to solve problem. In this regard, some of the views of these thinkers are: according to Tabatabai, experimental sciences cannot judge about verses related to supernatural. In the comparison between experimental sciences and the scientific verses of Qur'an, the separation between scientific certainty and non-certainty should be considered. Abdoh believes that Quran evolves in sync with human thought; therefore, it is inevitable to change some rulings due to the necessity of science; for this reason, the interpretation of some occult concepts of the Quran is allowed.

The upcoming research describes the past, explains the present and outlines the future of the security structure of the Middle East with an innovative approach and focusing on the patterns of conflict and cooperation between Iran and Saudi Arabia. Obviously, the main question of the research is, what effect has the regional rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia had on the security structure of the Middle East and how is the future of this structure affected by the rivalry between the two countries? The hypothesis that is proposed in the framework of the "Copenhagen Security School" and thinkers such as "Barry Buzan" and "Oli Weaver" in response to this question considers regional conflict and cooperation patterns as an important factor in the formation and evolution of the regional security structure. It seeks to prove the proposition that the conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia has had a significant impact on regional security and is considered one of the main drivers of the new order in the Middle East. The research method is qualitative analysis using the process tracing method. The dependent variable of the research is the security structure of the Middle East and the independent variable is the patterns of conflict and cooperation between Iran and Saudi Arabia in certain historical periods. Therefore, the research method is focused on the causal sequence of events that have shaped the patterns of relations between the two countries and are naturally effective on the security structure of the Middle East.

One of the important topics of the science of principles, which has been covered by many works, is the issue of order, which was first discussed by Mohaqqeq Karaki and then the researchers after him. Is it possible to achieve the order belongs to the most important in the case of disobeying the order belongs to the important thing? There is a difference of opinion that some people believe in refusal and some believe in the possibility of it, among those who took the second point of view and raised the possibility of the order of proof is Mohaqeq Naini. After correcting and explaining the point of conflict and explaining that the source of the conflict between the most important and the important is the application of the two and not the two behest themselves, he says: if order means consensus between the opposites, as the proponents have this illusion, impasibility and refusal of order is obvious and necessary, because the obligee is not able to comply with the opposites at the same time, but this is not the case, by conditioning the most important to the important, leaving the important to the most important and ordering the important to the the most important is overcome by leaving the matter to the importance. In this article, first the arguments of those who refuse to order are quoted, then the argument of Mohaqeq Naini on the possibility of ordering and criticizing the arguments of the opponents is described and explained, and finally, after quoting the problems with the argument of Mohaqeq Naini on the possibility of ordering and criticizing them, Mohaqeq Naini's point of view is preferred, because according to the writer, Naini's evidence on the possibility is stronger. At the end, some jurisprudential results related to the issue of order have been mentioned.

The purpose of this research is to design and explain the model of managing intergenerational conflicts in the work environment in the health and treatment organization of the Tehran oil industry. The research method of this research is qualitative, through interviews with 31 experts and experts, including senior and senior managers of Tehran Oil Industry Health and Treatment Organization, who have had management experience in the departments of their respective organizations through the snowball stage. Ghosts have been theoretical. Based on the findings of the research and analysis, according to the categories analysis, 90 basic categories, 19 organized categories and 3 consequences were presented. In examining the results of the consequences of cultural coexistence, the reduction of employee conflict and the mental health of the organization as the main consequences and the containment of negative conflicts in the organization as the central phenomenon, and technological and technical factors, commitment to work, flexibility and work teams as the causal conditions. have been determined.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of mindful parenting and democratic parenting on the conflict between mothers and adolescents aged 13 to 15 years. This study was experimental with pre-test-post-test and randomized follow-up in terms of applied purpose and method. The statistical population included the mothers of 13 to 15 year old female students in Tehran.  A total of 175 mothers were selected from a junior high school and were assessed using the Murray Strauss (1979) Conflict Scale. Fifty-four mothers with the highest conflict scores were randomly assigned to three groups of 18 after matching. The two experimental groups received eight 120-minute training sessions. Subjects were tested in three stages by the Murray Strauss (1979) Conflict Scale. The results of data analysis using SPSS software and repeated measures analysis of variance method showed  that the mother-adolescent conflict scores of both experimental groups in the post-test were significantly reduced compared to the control group and were still low in the two-month follow-up (P>0/01). It was also found that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two methods on the conflict between mothers and adolescents (P<0/05) and both methods can be used to reduce mother-adolescent conflict.The results of data analysis using SPSS software and variance analysis method withRepeated measurement showed that the mother-adolescent conflict scores of both experimental groups significantly decreased in the post-test compared to the control group. And it was still low in the two-month follow-up. It was also found that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two methods on the conflict between mothers and adolescents it does not exist and both methods can be used to reduce the mother-teen conflict.