جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "دریای-کاسپین" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

The Caspian Sea has always been the most important northern waterway of Iran during all historical periods. The Safavids played an important role in establishing the security and commercial prosperity of the Caspian Sea ports by restoring Iran's sovereignty over its borders and the existence of local governments subordinate to them in the north of Iran. With the fall of the Safavids and the dominance of the Afghans, a turbulent period was created, which brought commercial stagnation, especially maritime trade. After Nadir Shah Afshar (1735-1747 AD/ 1148-1160 AH) came to power, it became necessary to be directly present and seize the vital resources of the Caspian Sea, so Nadir, by providing facilities for the establishment of the navy, created a suitable ground for the resumption of activity. provided maritime trade. The central issue of this research, in addition to examining the policies and efforts of Nadir Shah in improving the state of trade, seafaring and shipbuilding, is his motivation and goals for establishing a naval fleet in the Caspian Sea and the reasons for the Russian government's suspicions regarding this matter. Is the main data of this research consists of historical texts and content analysis extracted from them, and in addition, archaeological evidence such as the sunken ship on the shores of Chamkhale, Langarud and its analysis using a historical approach have also been used. The findings of the research indicate that Nadir Shah intended to help commercial prosperity by forming a naval fleet in the Caspian Sea and, in

After the establishment of the Tsarist regime in Russia, Iranian rule in the Caspian Sea was gradually challenged. Challenges of Iranian sovereignty in the Caspian Sea during the Qajar period, after two periods of war with Russia and the conclusion of the Golestan and Turkmenchay treaties led to the deprivation of Iranian sovereignty in this sea. In such circumstances, the conclusion of the Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship (1921 AD) raised hopes of restoring Iranian sovereignty in the Caspian Sea. The present study, relying on the systemic theory of International Politics by Kenneth Waltz and using the method of historical research and examining the archival documents, seeks to answer this question, “What challenges were faced by the sovereignty of Iran in the Caspian Sea in the years 1300 to 1304, after the conclusion of the Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship (1921 AD)? The research findings show that contrary to the provisions of the Friendship Treaty, the sovereignty of Iran in the Caspian Sea in the years 1300 to 1304 faced serious economic and political challenges by the Soviet government, the same as what happened in the Tsarist rule. The spread of smuggling with the support of the Soviet government, disruption of trade and the periodic rise in the prices of exported and imported goods, economic challenges and the spread of insecurity and a sense of fear, violation of the national sovereignty and territorial integrity, interference in Iran's internal and political affairs and finally supporting and inciting divergent forces against the central government were among the political challenges faced by the Iran rule in the Caspian Sea from the years 1300 to 1304.

Many Iranian poets in proportion to their morale or society have had special regard to nature. Before Nima emergence, the mystic look to the nature was more customary in the poems and the symbolic role of the nature element had a more strong use in the literature. But, Ali Isfandyari(Nima Youshij) has a special poetic nature. Nima is a naturalist poet and has created his own style by his own look to the nature. Niam s’ special style in symbolism reached to an extraordinary worldview which was seen less in the works before or after him. He showed his pain and the pain of his fellow-thinkers and his contemporaries and all the Iranian people in his poems and has done his poetic mission by symbolizing the Caspian Sea and the Yoush jungle and mountain and intact nature of Mazandaran. The reason of creating such perfect mission was that Nima was reared in the nature and had an intimacy with sea and jungle. He believed that the cure of all man pains was in the nature, specially the Caspian Sea and the Yoush jungle and mountain. The role was obvious in his works. Having used a descriptive – library method, the paper is going to clarify the special look of Nima to the Caspian Sea and it’s around nature.

Caspian Sea or sea located in northern Iran, is famous in various fields: history, Geography, Politics, Economics, Tourism and etc. One of the areas where the name of the Caspian Sea is to be found is linguistics. In linguistics, the term Caspian languages is used to refer to a number of languages. This sea Which is part of the northern part of Iran, Has led linguists to always use the name of this sea to refer to languages that have somehow spread on the shores of this sea. Mazandarani, Guilaki, Taleshi, Tati and Semnani are the languages most often spoken in the Caspian languages. In some cases, there is a difference between linguists about how these languages are Classificated. This article, is concentrated on the role of the Caspian Sea in naming one of the branches of Iranian languages. In another section of this article, a number of words with the Caspian will be referenced in the Guilaki language. These words deriving from the Guilaki dictionaries indicate that the Kas people lived in this area or have long been in connected whit inhabitants of these regions.