جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « طرح واره های تصوری » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

The newest school that has been introduced in the field of linguistics is the cognitive school, which despite the fact that many books and articles worthy of attention have been written in this field, due to its novelty, it still has a lot of work to do. Cognitive semantics, which is one of the main branches of cognitive linguistics, investigates the relationship between the conceptual system and the semantic structure encoded in the language. In other words, in cognitive semantics, researchers investigate knowledge representation (conceptual structure) and semantic structure (conceptualization). Imaginary schemas are one of the conceptual constructs of interest to cognitive semanticists; In the sense that a set of actions and behaviors emerges from us that we understand our surroundings and in this way, we create fundamental conceptual constructions that are used to think about abstract matters.

The current research is a theoretical, descriptive-analytical research based on library studies. The results indicate that Nima wanted to be freed from that situation due to his unfavorable circumstances, which can be the source of the use of volume planning in his poems.

In cognitive semantics, the use of the word "schema" means that visual schemas do not contain detailed concepts and do not indicate details; Rather, they are stereotyped concepts that have been found from physical experiences (Ghaeminia, 2011: 658); It means that we live in a special place with certain limitations, we walk, eat, sleep and generally deal with the world around us and its patterns every day, the understanding of these patterns has become physical; That is, it is the result of the interaction of our body with them.

Nimas volumetric schemas can be shown in several separate image layers, all of which are imagined in a volumetric format:A class that Nima, in a critical way, aims at the inner and institution of humans and imagines it full of pride, pain and madness, or reads the inside of the mind and thoughts of humans.The class in which Nima portrays the heart and love, which are themes that are close to each other in terms of meaning; But what goes on inside them is important and noteworthy for Nima and he emphasizes it.A class in which the poet portrays the time and the world from the point of view of protest, which is full of anxiety, pain, chaos and evil.The other class, which includes the characteristics of the lover and the beloved, and the poet considers actions such as laughter, crying, and the look of the beloved in an abstract way, from which tears, sadness, and pain come out, and these poems show his view to love.

Locative prepositions are one of the most important and widely used prepositional words of any language, which play an important role in representing human mental concepts in language. Basically, locative prepositions are one of the first prepositions that children produce in the process of learning their first language, and this is one of the most important reasons for the need to examine these letters cognitively. The aim of the present research is to investigate the polysemy of the locative preposition "between" in Persian language. To explain this polysemy, the principles of the school of cognitive linguistics and two theories of Principled Polysemy Tyler and Evans( 2001) and Image Schemas Johnson (1987) have been used. The research data were collected from the second edition of Hamshahri corpus and two dictionaries of Dehkhoda (1998) and Moien (2007). The results of the research show that the semantic network of the preposition "between" has one prototype spatial and four radial meanings. The prototype meaning of this preposition indicates the space between two things, and other meanings are placed radially around it and are expanded from it.

The present study, within the framework of cognitive semantics, has addressed the issue of imaginary schemas in the book of Siboyeh as a grammatical text and how it is reflected in the Persian translation. The purpose of this research is to explain the conceptual constructions as the substructure of language patterns in order to reach the intellectual foundations of the author and to make the book easier to understand and then to provide an accurate translation. The adopted descriptive-analytical method is based on incomplete induction and relying on Evans and Green's schematic model. Sampling has been done from eleven chapters (8666 words) of the al-Kitab that deals with the topic of al- Eshteghal. Power, containment, space, and displacement schemas had the highest frequency, respectively. In the translation, due to the stylistic features of Sibawayh, the two methods of terminological clarification and translation have led to the removal or replacement of the schemas of space, displacement and containment in significant cases, but the schemas of power They are represented in the target language with a similar linguistic structure.

Proverbs are fixed sentential expressions that express the well-known truth, social norms or moral concerns of a specific culture. Therefore, they have a linguistic-cultural aspect and are transmitted through generations and applied to various states of affairs in the world. Since most proverbial expressions are metaphorical in nature which rooted in bodily experiments, the present paper offers an image-schematic view to Guilaki proverbs in the domain of food and its related concepts. It takes up the twin task of distinguishing the image schemas in Guilaki proverbs and of defining their domain of semantic usages. The proverbs of this qualitative research have been collected in a library research method and analyzed based on Johnson’s (1987) opinions. The findings of the research reveal that the path, control and spatial schemas are used in Guilaki proverbs. They also showed that the desirable cultural concepts like kindness, hospitality and faithfulness are simultaneously applied alongside undesirable ones such as corruption, betray and ungratefulness.

The present paper is a semantic survey of prepositions "/barāyē/ and /tā/. The aim of study is to identify schematic meaning of the mentioned prepositions with a diachronic view in order to investigate semasiological changes of meaning as a result of their secondary grammaticalization. To achieve this goal, the meanings of each of the prepositions were gathered from Sokhan and Dehkhoda dictionaries. After analyzing prepositions' meanings, associative image schemas with the meanings have been mentioned. Prototypical and peripheral meanings of prepositions have been determined using Evan and Tyler's (2003) suggested method. After proving polysemy of the mentioned prepositions; semantic network of each preposition; is drawn. Finally, polysemy of the investigated prepositions has been explained with regard to imagery schemas as the result of secondary grammaticalization. The innovative aspect of this research is that the polysemy and secondary grammaticalization of prepositions had not been studied with regard to conceptual schemas associated with their semantic functions before.

In cognitive linguistics, the study of linguistic meaning is not the aim by itself. Instead in this field of linguistics, the focus is on understanding the nature of conceptual system of human's mind.  Noting that image schema due to its importance in understanding of abstract concepts are an important category in linguistic studies. This paper studies the embodied patterns of image schemas in the absolute congenital blind compared with their counterparts based on Johnson's embodied cognition theory (1987) in cognitive semantics.

The methodology of this quantitative research is comparative between two groups of blind and non-blinds.  Thus, 48 male and female blinds and non-blinds with diploma and graduate education aged 18- 28 years, due to the study of such variables as gender, education and age, were evaluated, and they were asked to describe 30 selected words based on Ricci Bitty and Poggi's  procedures (1991), then their image schemas were investigated.
Results and

The results showed that the blinds, due to lack of vision, use more lexical descriptions and more image schema than their counterparts, in a way, graduate female blinds were reported as the most frequent users of image schema. The statistics also prove that the path and cycle schema, among different types of schema proposed by Johnson (1987), have the most and the least amount of usage in both groups respectively. Also, the study showed that age, gender, education variables as influential factors had no effect on understanding blind people and their counterparts from the image schema.

Cognitive linguistics as a semantic approach included a set of theories, which conceptual metaphor and imaginary schema are the most important. Imaginary schemas are fundamental and abstract conceptual structures in the mind that are based on physical experiences and activities during the interaction or observation of the surrounding world. The present study intends to conduct a descriptive, analytical and comparative method and in order to get acquainted with the metaphorical and cultural system of "water and fire", to conduct a cognitive analysis of imaginary schemas taken from these two opposing elements in six books of MasnaviManavi and Shams Moulana’s general poetical works. The aim of this study was to achieve cognition through the use of volumetric, motion and power schemas in Moulana’s poems, so that by examining the function of these schemas, a more accurate knowledge of the individual and social personality of this poet can be obtained. One of the most important achievements of this research that can be mentioned:These two elements find supernatural properties in literary concepts and metaphorical functions, especially mystical themes, when placed along a verse, and depict a kind of long-standing contradiction between reason and love.
Cognitive analysis of schemas expresses the introverted, intuitive, emotional, and receptive personality of Moulana.

In this paper, we aim to analyze the difference between classical Persian and new Persian poems using the current cognitive linguistics theories. The study aims to recognize the differences and similarities of the image schemas of two styles of poetry; namely, classical and modern poem. The research question is that what kinds of different image schemas are used in classical and modern poems. The hypothesis is that there are different kinds of image schemas in classical and modern poem. To this end, we analyze the image schemas of Hafiz's poems as sample of classical poetry and Sohrab Sepehri's poems as modern one. We have chosen 13 poems of Hafiz Divan as classical poems and 8 poems of Sohrab Sepehri's Hasht Ketab as modern Persian poems. We have identified the image schemas of the poems based on cognitive linguistics theoretical framework.  
In the review of literature, there were some researches which focused on the comparison of the poetry of classical poets or comparison of the poetry of contemporary poets, but there was no research which compares image schemas of classical poetry with modern poem. Thus, the present study focuses on a new aspect.
In conclusion, we noticed similarities and differences in the usage of image schemas of two styles of poems. The similarity is that in both styles containment and locomotion schemas are most used. But the difference is that in Hafiz's poems there was no significant difference between the number of locomotion and the number of containment schemas. However, there is significant difference between the number of containment schemas and all other schemas including locomotion schema in Sepehri's poems. It indicates the difference between a sample of classical poem and a sample of modern poem along with the usage of image schemas. Due to their mystic worldview both of poets have used containment and locomotion schemas.

The present research aims to examine the image schemata in elementary school Persian textbooks within the framework of cognitive linguistics. Image schemata are of the basic arguments in fields such as philosophy, psychology and linguistics. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, the importance of image schemata as a part of language and thought is that rudimentary embodied concepts of this kind provide the conceptual building blocks for more complex concepts. This makes their study inevitable in fields such as education in general and educational materials in particular which are incorporated in language and thought The analysis is geared towards determining the basic image schemata -containment, path and force- by Johnson (1987) in elementary school Persian textbooks as one of the important materials. The method of this study is qualitative, quantitative and descriptive. The results show that despite the significant difference (p

The present study examines the notion of cognitive morphology, considering the productive Persian morpheme "kār" as a polysemic morpheme. Image schema was studied to categorize various forms of the function of this morpheme. The present research revealed that when Persian speakers encounter words which use this morpheme, they predict the metaphorical meaning and form an embodied schema of that related usage. In this paper the cognitive morphology approach is introduced, metaphor and image schemata are discussed, and previous researches on this morpheme are presented. In the final section this morpheme is analyzed and discussed synchronically based on the cognitive morphology approach, and the related embodied schemas are presented.