جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « binary oppositions » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Binary oppositions have long captivated mystics and are a focal point for structuralists, who often build the foundation of texts around them. By emphasizing these dichotomies, they aim to unveil a unified system and gain deeper insights into the text. In "Mouton Sageer" (A Small Death), binary oppositions play a central role, and this study examines their significance in the story of Hassan Alwan through a descriptive-analytical approach. Drawing from Ibn Arabi's mystical themes, the research delves into the perspectives of Iranian mystics to elucidate the author's underlying framework. The title "A Small Death" symbolizes an earthly love that undergoes a transformation, elevating a mortal being to a celestial realm and fostering a connection to true love. Alvan's work strives to expound upon an intellectual system rooted in binary oppositions, illustrating a mystical concept of "unity in plurality" where love serves as the unifying principle. The ultimate goal is to bring harmony to the current world, transcending conflict, as Alvan posits love as the key element that binds individuals together.

binary opposition of place is a type of critical analysis that examines the differences between pairs of spatial words that contribute to the beauty of the text with their semantic functions. Since the presence of place is one of the most prominent features of Palestinian poetry Therefore, sometimes poets seek help from it in order to express their intentions and talk about their pleasant and unpleasant feelings. Naji Alloush, a contemporary Palestinian poet, was able to instill a network of his desired meanings and concepts into the audience by using the contrasting spatial structure and behind all these words, there is a place for his psychological, political and social concerns, which is indicative of his emotions and opinions. This research tries to investigate the most prominent contrasting places in this contemporary poet's poetry by using the descriptive-analytical method in order to achieve a correct understanding of the semantic relationship between two contrasting spatial concepts. The findings of the research show that spatial duals played an important role in conveying the poet's inner feelings towards two different places and expressing his thoughts. The most important dualities used are: connection and its contrast with separation, Homeland and its confrontation with exile, Here and its contrast with there. These duals express the concept of identity, anti-colonialism, the poet's concern for his homeland and the Arab homeland, and the sadness of a place of alienation.

Dual contrasts are a kind of textual structure that the poet uses to reveal the harmony of contradiction within the text. This type of textual structure is one of the most important forms of expression in the poetry of al-Bayati, and she has used it significantly to express her thoughts, ideas and emotions. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical approach and criterion of Bayati's collection of poetic works, examines some important dual contrasts such as the contrast of death and life, me and the other, travel and return, love and revolution, homeland and exile, and the contrast of times. One of the most important findings of the present study is that the dual confrontations in Bayati's poetry have gone beyond a limited perspective, that is, word-for-word confrontation, and have taken on various political and social implications such as critique of the ruling hegemony and critique of the tragic situation of the Iraqi people. Regarding the contrast between life and death, research has shown that death, from Bayati's point of view, is necessary for the revitalization of Iraq. In contrast to me and the other, it was concluded that the other has played an effective role in expressing Bayati's wishes and desires and thoughts and ideas and deepening her innate will in different situations. In connection with the confrontation between the journey and the return, it was revealed that the Bayati journey was a journey in search of hope and the promised dream. Bayati established a link between love and revolution,

A structural analysis, along with an assessment of the inherent levels of textual permanence, enables the possibility of attaining a new interpretation based on the system governing the text. This branch of analysis can provide a special position for Quranic studies alongside other linguistic knowledge. The structural examination of the chapters of the Quran and its explanation based on structural dualities of co-occurrence and substitution is the subject of the present research. Therefore, the authors seek to uncover the semantic conflicts in the text and its relationships in the verses based on substitution and co-occurrence using a descriptive-analytical method and theoretical concepts of Ferdinand de Saussure. The investigations indicate that in this chapter, linguistic and semantic elements have been interconnected in a linear chain and replaced, leading to coherence, continuity, diversity, and expansion of meaning in various dimensions of the chapter "Al-Mulk." The major conflict in this chapter is between the omnipotent creator and the owned creation, within which other conflicts such as between rebellious disbelievers and obedient believers, and the characteristics and attributes of each, the conflict between the powerful deity and the powerless deity, and also subsidiary conflicts such as the conflict between death and life, heaven and earth are found at lower levels. The fourfold semantic axes of the chapter are represented in various linguistic forms and levels, including continuity of meaning, novelty and imagery, the style of restriction, rhetorical interrogation, repetition, and so on.

Carnival, the dynamic center of joyful spirit of debate and libertarianism of people, always shows power in the face of the absolute thoughts, with its solubilization and making solutions. Literary representation of carnival tradition and the anti-ban spirit of folk festivals, later in the Caniavalesque literature in the form of several techniques such as parody, relativity and binary opposition, crowning/uncrowning, lower urban language, the Themes of Death and mask, and banquet imagery were manifested, each of which was an artistic carnivalized response to the spirit of one-sidedness and self-sufficiency of the authoritarian party. Bakhtin's narratology project in the analysis of Novel-tendent prose considers carniavalesque as the keyword of modern novel developments by emphasizing the exploratory method of this idea in beliefs constructed carnival. The importance of paying attention to carnivalesque literature from the perspective of Bakhtin's critical approach lies in its ability to study and re-read the strategies of these works in objectifying the Liberal tendency of anti-dogmatic modern narrative discourse. Relying on the method of descriptive-analytical research, by observing the examples of carnivalesque of the novel "The-Game-of-Forgetting" in the form of the above components, we try to measure the success of the Moroccan "Mohamed Berrada" in dialogizing his work and promoting the spirit of polyphonic democracy in Arabic novel writing. The study of the novel from the perspective of carnivalesque literature indicated That: Berrada, with methods appropriate to each of the components such as: desecration, degenerating the transcendent enumerated concepts, inversion and replacement of oppositions, refutation of perfectionism and pre-recognized bases of rulers; It overturns hierarchical norms and seemingly inviolable rank-oriented relations, and by emphasizing multipolarism, will centralize rejected discourses once again. It'll leads the audience to the status of subjectivity and knowing the state of polyphonic nature of the universe, in the shadow of democracy, and has ultimately made his novel a successful example of global carnivalesque literature with a local twist.

In recent years, the contemporary theory has examined the concept of double thinking, which is rooted in the theories of Saussure and Derrida's deconstruction. Helen Cixous, a French feminist writer, based on Lacan and Derrida, believes in the inversion of these oppositions in her theory of double oppositions. By communicating between women and writing, he seeks to subvert the patriarchal order. Jokha Al-Harithi's novel Sayyadat-ul-Qamar connects the rapid social changes and their consequences through an Omani family with the past and the real history of Oman. This novel depicts the story of three middle-class sisters in the small village of Al-Awafi in Oman in a patriarchal culture. The current research with a descriptive and analytical method aims to explain the changes in the cultural structure according to the approach of Helen Cixous in the theory of binary oppositions by combining tradition with modernity, changing gender role patterns, breaking taboos, social structure, attitudes towards education and romantic relationships. And by reading Sayyidat al-Qamar's novel, examine the way of drawing female characters and the challenge of patriarchal double thinking in Omani society. The findings of the research show that al-Harthi has tried to clear the gender roles in our minds and cross the gender boundaries in Sayyidat al-Qamar, and by inverting the Binary oppositions and creating a positive character, he has given a suitable image of today's woman.

Carnival, the dynamic center of joyful spirit of debate and libertarianism of people, always shows power in the face of the absolute thoughts, with its solubilization and making solutions. Literary representation of carnival tradition and the anti-ban spirit of folk festivals, later in the Caniavalesque literature in the form of several techniques such as parody, relativity and binary opposition, crowning/uncrowning, lower urban language, the Themes of Death and mask, and banquet imagery were manifested, each of which was an artistic carnivalized response to the spirit of one-sidedness and self-sufficiency of the authoritarian party. Bakhtin's narratology project in the analysis of Novel-tendent prose considers carniavalesque as the keyword of modern novel developments by emphasizing the exploratory method of this idea in beliefs constructed carnival. The importance of paying attention to carnivalesque literature from the perspective of Bakhtin's critical approach lies in its ability to study and re-read the strategies of these works in objectifying the Liberal tendency of anti-dogmatic modern narrative discourse. Relying on the method of descriptive-analytical research, by observing the examples of carnivalesque of the novel "The-Game-of-Forgetting" in the form of the above components, we try to measure the success of the Moroccan "Mohamed Berrada" in dialogizing his work and promoting the spirit of polyphonic democracy in Arabic novel writing. The study of the novel from the perspective of carnivalesque literature indicated That: Berrada, with methods appropriate to each of the components such as: desecration, degenerating the transcendent enumerated concepts, inversion and replacement of oppositions, refutation of perfectionism and pre-recognized bases of rulers; It overturns hierarchical norms and seemingly inviolable rank-oriented relations, and by emphasizing multipolarism, will centralize rejected discourses once again. It'll leads the audience to the status of subjectivity and knowing the state of polyphonic nature of the universe, in the shadow of democracy, and has ultimately made his novel a successful example of global carnivalesque literature with a local twist.

“Binary oppositions” are resulted from Saussure’s doctrines and indicates that the work’s intellectual totality is based on opposite pairs. Pairs including “black/white”, “truth/lie”, and “poor/rich”. Binary oppositions are seen within the substrates of the phenomena such as language, society, thought, behavior, and culture; makes them meaningful and generates communicational gateways, forming sign systems and special patterns. Binaries are effective in code organizing and highlighting the signs. “Ermia” the first novel written by Reza Amirkhani, is the description of a warrior’s mental challenges in matching teachings of the holy defense (Iran-Iraq War) with some facts of Iranian society after the security council resolution 598 that led to ceasefire and the people who were involved. The trace of binary appositions and its practical elegance are appreciated in the configuration of novel’s incidents. The present research applying a descriptive-analytical method, first of all explains three sets of codes associating with novel’s conflicting thoughts in order to access the hidden layers of text, then categorizes, decodes, and analyzes binary oppositions in two categories of “personalities” (Mostafa/Ermia, Ermia’s family/Ermia, Moammar/Ermia, Shahin/Ermia, Mostafa/other friends, the families away from war/the families involved in war, Kavoos/Ermia, Ermia in the past/Ermia of today) and “places” (the front/the city, north of city/south of city, Ermia’s trench/Ermia’s home, front/university, city/rock quarry) and finally explains the consequences of oppositional relations of signs within the formation of three viewpoints: “passive”, “responsible”, and “concerned”.

Deconstruction was first introduced in the thought of Jacques Derrida as a way of re-reading texts and questioning its presuppositions. This type of critique seeks to find new meanings by finding binary oppositions in the text and disrupting the superiority and domination of one side over the other, and on the other hand, by discovering gaps and discontinuities that have arisen in the text against the author's will, and discovering new meanings in later re-readings supported by in-text cues. The book of Ronaq al-Majalis is one of the works of Islamic Sufism which in this research, one of its anecdotes would be examined for finding some possible signifieds for the signifiers mentioned in the text and assigning them different meanings that are among dozens of possible meanings which the text might have.

In Saadi's sonnets, there are extensive, artistic, and various manifestations of the binary oppositions. These oppositions have been examined in three levels of word, sentence, and sonnet structure. In the present study, Saadi's lexical binary oppositions have been investigated in three categories: linguistic, literary, and semantic.Combining linguistic contrast with verbal arrays, in addition to enhancing the music of the speech, has given Saadi's oppositions a stylistic characterization. Literary oppositions have detailed in three sections: allusive oppositions, appropriateness oppositions, and preferential simile. Saadi expresses his views on love and the beloved, the norms of society, and some social groups such as the pious, the Sufis, and the Rendans, using all kinds of semantic confrontations and his own special tricks in applying them. Saadi's Satisfaction and submission to God, on the one hand, and his efforts to defend love and aesthetics, on the other, have led to an issue entitled "Transform and Eliminate of oppositions" in the mental system and poems of this poet. In the present study, Saadi's different and specific view of oppositions is examined and analyzed. The basis of the research is the study of all Saadi lyric poems in the prescription of Mohammad Ali Foroughi.

Binary oppositions have long been helping humans to label what is going on around, and sometimes put them on the horns of a dilemma. Such a reflection can be traced in people’s cultures, and since language is an indispensable part of a culture, examining cultulings (culture + language) can help us understand the beliefs and values of a given society. The present study, therefore, utilizes Hymes’ (1967) SPEAKING model to qualitatively analyze “the Cultuling of Liminality.” To this end, 712 contexts and 317 utterances, in which binary oppositions had been used were chosen based on purposive sampling and by observing private/public, formal/informal dialogues from 115 female and 97 male speakers (15 to 74 years old), from different academic backgrounds, professions, and social status from Mashhad, Iran. The results indicated that Iranians use this cultuling for different purposes (e.g., showing uncertainty, avoiding direct remarks and misunderstandings, defending, shirking responsibilities, showing mental struggles, avoiding stress, observing formalities, and lack of knowledge) in different contexts. This cultuling can be used as an indicator of high ambiguity intolerance in Iranian culture, meaning that they do not like to be in limbo, and due to their collectivist nature, they use binary oppositions to express their suspense to directly/indirectly ask for help to make decisions and to be out of liminality.

A narrative is created only through oppositions hence, the characters and their actions must be studied in terms of binary oppositions in it. The conceptual structures in this study are binary oppositional ones, including the confrontations of good and evil, which can be seen in the whole discourse of Persian literature. In general, one of the most fundamental issues in explaining the similarities and differences between the works of Iranian and non-Iranian authors is the comparison of their conceptual structures, including ‘binary’ and ‘oppositional’ structures. Literary structuralism is a method of analyzing literary texts that are rooted in linguistic studies. Structuralism and its general orientation are based on the analysis of binary oppositions and the relationship between them, and structuralism itself origins from the linguistic studies of Ferdinand de Saussure, and the structuralists have been significantly influenced by his thoughts.

Method, background, and purpose of research:

The method in this research is theoretical, which is either descriptive or analytical. First, books on binary oppositions by structuralist authors have been studied and from which notes have been taken. And then, the biographies of both authors have been reviewed to obtain information about their social, cultural, and political status for analysis. The purpose of this study is to explain the similarities and differences between the binary oppositions in the works of an Iranian and a non-Iranian author basically to find out which oppositions can be universal. There has been no independent research on binary oppositions in children’s and adolescent literature. However, research has been done on binary oppositions in other areas of literature, some of which include:The binary oppositions of war and reconciliation and love and hatred in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh (Razmjooei, Tahan 2016) and the result of this research is that although love and reconciliation are superior to war, its superiority is not ‘absolute’.A study of binary oppositions in Nima Yushij’s ‘Sarivili house’ collection of poems (Mohseni 2014) This study shows that Nima has used binary oppositions to express the most important differences, similarities, and conflicts of his thoughts against those in power.

Binary opposition is an English term. Binary in English means dual. Stars that are placed next to each other in pairs are called binary stars. Of course, the understanding of binary oppositions as the basis of linguistic knowledge was discussed much earlier in the views of Plato and Aristotle. However discussing essence, accident, form, etc. goes back to Aristotle's ideas who himself was the founder of a dualistic view of human knowledge and later influenced literature and other areas. The term was first coined by phonologist Nikolai Trobetsky when he introduced it as the main foundation of a value rooted in cultural history. This term is one of the key concepts in the field of linguistics theories, semiotics, and literary criticism. Roland Barthes believes that semiotics is based on binary oppositions. In literary criticism, this term is one of the fundamental concepts of structuralism and post-structuralism (deconstruction). Jacobson believed that children learn these oppositions in the first place. In his view, the speech’s concentration is generally on binary oppositions, and the difference between consonant and vowel is the most fundamental element of phonology. Structuralism and its general orientation are based on the analysis of binary oppositions and the relationship between them, and structuralism itself is rooted in the linguistic studies of Ferdinand de Saussure, and the structuralists have been significantly influenced by his thoughts. Each text is a set of contrasts that encompass confrontations of good and evil, rich and poor, black and white.

Examining the oppositions and analyzing their relationship in the stories by Houshang Moradi Kermani and Roald Dahl, shows that the common consequence of poverty in Iran and British society is children’s forced labor and also, their confrontation with the realities of life. A child, at an age when he should be enjoying his childhood, is struggling with economic problems, illness, and hunger. In the works of both writers, these poor children’s neighbors or classmates are from the rich class of society. And that creates problems; the children either escape or start to protest against the wealthy class. The use of force, violence and insults by the wealthy is another issue addressed by these two authors. The poor class’s captivity and slavery are among other common themes employed by both authors. There are differences between the binary oppositions in the works by these two authors; In Moradi Kermani's, the poor adults mainly believe in fatalism and superstitions, and the poor children are realistic. While, in Roald Dahl's, the poor adults and children are both realistic.In Moradi Kermani's, the poor are harmless, while in Roald Dahl's, the poor cause harassment.In Moradi Kermani's, the poor are not advocated by the people, while, in Roald Dahl's, the poor have supporters such as doctors or priests.

Binary opposition is one of the fundamental concepts in the critique of structuralism, and post-structuralism as well as the theories of linguistics and semiotics which are rooted in the mythological and cultural beliefs. Binary opposition shifted from linguistics to cultural studies and was challenged in the postmodern condition eventually. Claude Levi-Strauss espouses a bipolar-oppositional structure to the logic of myth, including proverbs. In his view, the structure of the human mind to understand phenomena puts each continuum in a binary reciprocal polarity. This pervasive mental action will eventually lead to the binary opposition, such as nature and culture. The purpose of the present study, however, is to represent the value binaries in the proverbs of the Ilami people. Due to the reconstructural nature of the case study, the research paradigm was qualitative and the method used was qualitative content analysis. The data is the published books about the proverbs of the Ilami people and some key informants were asked to supplement the information. These people were selected through purposeful sampling and were questioned through semi-structured interviews. The findings indicated that the binary value of the Ilami proverbs includes the following general binary oppositions: rational/irrational; collective/individual; dynamism / stagnation; universalism / particularism; order/ disorder; social capital development/ social capital erosion; moderation/ extremism; and justice/ oppression. These binaries consist of more detailed subcategories that represent a society saturated with opposition. The binary oppositions derived from the findings are largely consistent with the Talcot Parsons model variables.

This article tries to analysis the semiotic context of the illustrated Mewar Ramayana manuscript by emphasizing on the structuralist semioticians underscore of reciprocal determination of polar signs, the definition of binary oppositions in world mythologies by Lévi-Strauss, and the deep second binary oppositions, mentioned by Fourie. The painters of Mewar court used many examples of deep second binary oppositions to characterize protagonists and antagonists in this manuscript. The most pivotal of them are: modesty ≠arrogance, benevolence ≠ rapacity, chastity ≠lechery, relativeness ≠otherness, penance ≠gluttony, courage ≠ cowardice, unison ≠ discord, etc. Painters have wisely utilized these semiotic differences to draw a distinct boundary between the good and the evil in their paintings.

Rouzbahan Baghli is one of the major figures of 6th century who has his own particular mystic language. His language shows a set of particular features like abstractness. The present article has taken into account the semiotic square theoretical framework in order to analyze his language as well as to yield a better understanding of his mystic experience. Accordingly, having taken into consideration his mystic language, the properties of his language will be analyzed in the light of semiotic square. This study reveals that among the current oppositions like contradiction, contrast and entailment, Rouzbahan’s language incline towards contrast. This is due to the fact that Rouzbehan generally speaks about major existential categories, which are completely contradictory in two poles. Thus, whenever he talks about his experiences, he sometimes intermingles the binary oppositions in a complex meta-term. As a result, he sometimes collects these binary categories and puts them together to create a "compound" term. Sometimes he rejects both categories and creates a "neutral" frequency, and sometimes a "positive indicator" by deleting both. Other meta-terms like neutral, complex, positive deixis, and nameless are the dominant indicators of his abstract language.

In this study, based on the structuralist theory of Claude Lévi-Strauss, and by using a descriptive-analytic method, the mytheme, binary oppositions and the main structure of the narratives about Gioumard myth in the ancient texts will be explained and analyzed. In this article, the function of Mithra, Mashi and Mashyaneh myth, the two main oppositions in Gioumard myth i.e. death/ rebirth, and supernatural/ natural creation will be explained and it will be shown that Gioumard’s confrontation with devil reflects the battle of good and evil which is the basis of Iranian thoughts about dualistic world- view. The everlasting battle between Gioumard as the representative of humans with Ahriman, demonstrates the continuity of life and death circle since Gioumard defeat Ahriman in his life and by his death he gives Ahriman the chance to win. Then, Ahriman unknowingly reaches the end of “the limited time” and loses the battle.

The recognition of the structure of poetry from the early foundation of basic and deep recognition in every poem is lasting.Explaining and analyzing a poem owes proportionalities and fundamental oppositions that the base of it’s systematic structure is poetry.It is the accuracy in exploring and checking the collection of the contrasts and proportions of poetry that leads us to a right and critical analysis of a literary work.To the extent that the proportionalities and contrasts section in a poem are outstanding and motivate eachother,that poem will be more structured system.In the recognition and analysis of the poetry of Forough Farrukhzad,we arenot needless to recognize her poetic structure.The structure of her poetry also has established based on a section of proportionalities and fundamental oppositions that, as will be discussed later,the “Binary opposition of love and death” is one of it’s sustainable principles.The concept of love and its related concepts in the Forough’s poetry cannot be explained and checked regardless of the concept of death and accessories.In other words,in this article,we believe that the concept of love and the images and emotions originated from that,are reconizable and can be analyzed in contrast with the concept of death and it’s special images and emotions.Her structure of poetic images takes consistency through this binary fundamental opposition.It should be noted that any critical look at the lyrics of Frrukhzad is not needless of a strong focus on the constant interaction of concepts of love and death.

Symbolic explanation is one of contemporary stylistic attributes and makes an ambiguous and artistic literary texture and associates the reader in the text.
the strangulation and despotism that was in shamlu's contemporary community ( 1304 - 1379 solar hijri ) has caused a widespread symbol accession in his poem in two side of dark and light which shows the poet's mithgrapher mind and his attention to twofold contrast in creation system . Actually , shamlu , purposefully uses creation twofold contrast in : prison / freedom , aversion / love , solitude / population , sadness / happiness , the earth /sky , human / God and ... superstructure that sometimes are shown in a paradisical shape to transfer the ideologic layer ( pragmatically ) in the mithical and symbolic texture that it has ; inasmuch as based on this contrast we can explain many of his poem narrative textures . The poet's pragmatical intention is mainly attracting the addressers to the social collapse and the speech influence .

Developing the imagery and imagism in poetry implies exploiting all capacities of language. One of the means of producing and developing imagery is to consider the contrastive nature of lexemes in culture and language.Based on the contrastive theory of language, when mind encounters a signified, the mental popularity of one is transferred to the popularity of the second. Hence the relation between words, expressions and signs in a language system and structure is revealed. In most cases a network of various images, obtained from different fields of science and skills, has been closely intertwined in Ḵāqāni's poetry. Contrastive relation is one of the main factors in this network, which strongly functions in horizontal axis of Ḵāqāni's poetry. This structural pattern in Ḵāqāni's poetry has been investigated and classified in different scopes, in order to find a way to the mind world and poetic thoughts of Ḵāqāni.

The present article is an attempt to discover the order governing the linguistic elements in Surah Al-Kafirun [109]. The question posed is that as a literary text, what linguistic and semantic structures does the Surah Al-Kafirun adopt? This is answered through binary oppositions as well as syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. The study will be a descriptive-comparative one. The first section of the article presents an applied analysis of the structural approach to text study. The second section analyses the Surah Al-Kafirun according to the aforementioned analysis, which shows the text is built up of three main structures based on three main binary oppositions, with the second opposition itself built up of four minor structures based on three minor binary oppositions. One of these minor oppositions has been repeated in the text, once with Positive implications and once with Negative implications. The linguistic elements in the text have been used in such a way that simultaneously divide and join the Surah structures. This occurs both in the semantic representation of the text on the one hand and in morphological, lexical, and syntactic representations on the other. The structural analysis shows how the intended meanings have been presented through paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations in a coherent structure.