جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خط مشی گذاری » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Despite the emergence of new technologies, especially the Internet of Things, whose use is increasingly growing in many fields, there is not enough knowledge of its concepts, fields, applications, and effective categories. For example, it is not possible to see a general policy for using these new approaches. Based on this research gap, this research was done with the aim of providing a policy for new digital technologies in general and the Internet of Things in particular. Considering the limited literature and the lack of theories for developing comprehensive policies in the field of using the Internet of Things, qualitative content analysis approach was used in this research. So that by examining the theoretical foundations and experimental foundations in the field of digital technologies, we try to extract the hidden key concepts and subsequently determine the sub-categories and the main categories, in order to obtain indicators in achieving a policy for the Internet of Things. , action was taken. For this purpose, with a systematic review of the literature and with the help of metasynthesis qualitative research method, all the key indicators for public policy in the Internet of Things were identified and classified; In the two steps of the meta-composite research, the following results were obtained: in the first step, the meta-composite research was conducted in-depth review of previous studies, and in the second step, the meta-composite research was conducted using coding techniques (based on qualitative content analysis) to 78 sub-categories and 8 main categories were determined and the proposed policy can be used as a basis by managers and policy makers based on three contextual, strategic and interventional factors.

Governments and experts are always in pursuit of effective policy-making and policy-making models that are less considered in Iran. Exploratory, sampling in the qualitative part of the research was done purposefully and in the quantitative part was done by simple random sampling. In the qualitative phase with 12 experts, mostly academic experts who dominated the discussion of academic centers in public policy-making, the interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, and the sample of the quantitative section consisted of 196 people selected according to the Cochran's formula. Based on the research findings, in the qualitative part, the analysis of the experts' interviews was performed using the content analysis method, and in the quantitative part, the confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data. And during it, the most important indicators of the role of university centers in the public policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 6 main indicators (economic factors, legal factors, socio-political factors, cultural factors, internationalization of universities, scientific and technological factors) and 38 categories were evaluated. According to the research results, this model has a good quality and can provide a suitable framework for developing a vision policy document for the public policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and it is necessary for officials and policy makers of the university community to achieve appropriate strategies and programs to achieve this. Make the goal your goal.

Among the legal norms, which in their usual form include the constitution, ordinary laws, and government regulations, the Iranian public law system has recently witnessed the creation of new titles such as “document”. Legal documents, which have been used mainly in the post-revolutionary legal system, have sometimes raised ambiguities about the meaning, status, and guarantee of implementing the relevant decree. The enactments announced under the title of “document” have been prepared and approved by various authorities such as the Supreme Leader, the Head of the Judiciary, the Council of Ministers, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, and other councils. The present study examined the questions that, regarding the accepted order in the system of the hierarchy of legal norms, what is the meaning of this strange title (from the viewpoint of public law terminology) and what is its place in the Iranian legal system and is it basically possible to rely on such documents legally. The current article employed the descriptive-analytical method to answer the mentioned questions. The findings of this study showed that legal documents in the legal system after the victory of the Islamic Revolution had been used in a wide range of concepts, from general strategies to program-based policies and detailed legal rules and regulations. With their status as a reference, these legal documents were credible. This article examined the concept of documents and how they were used in the legal system. Moreover, it examined the common structure of documents, their place in the hierarchy of legal norms, and the possibility of legal-judicial citation to them based on the characteristics of the Iranian legal system.

The aim of this study is to explain the policy model of university entrepreneurship development in the higher education system of the country to answer the main question that in the desired situation (from the perspective of experts and managers) what elements and components should be implemented in which entrepreneurship development policy To play a role? Identifying the dimensions, elements and variables of the university entrepreneurship development policy model and identifying the appropriate policy model for the development of university entrepreneurship in the higher education system were identified as the main questions of this study. For this purpose, in the research method in the qualitative stage, 20 experts were considered and purposeful interviews were conducted with them. From the results of the interview, a questionnaire was developed and its validity and reliability were confirmed by statistical tests. In the quantitative method, 72 professors, managers and experts of Tehran, Allameh and Qazvin universities and managers of policy-making organizations were considered. By performing tests in spss and eqs software, the correlation and the effect of the proposed model elements under its variables were examined by testing structural equations. The results of the model fit test were obtained by examining the RMSEA variable (mean error of mean squares) of 0.059, which is less than 0.1, which confirmed the fit of the model. At the end, suggestions for entrepreneurship development in the university were presented.

The present study aims to provide a policy model for the development of professional skills to create sustainable rural employment with a resilient economy approach. The present study, based on the purpose, is applied in terms of nature and research method, descriptive and spatial, has library and field characteristics. This research requires a survey of the statistical population consisting of statistical units and therefore the survey method (field finding) of mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) was selected to classify and prioritize the components identified by the fuzzy AHP technique for ranking. The identified components and the DEMATEL technique were used to identify the effectiveness of the components in this study. The statistical population includes 18 highly experienced employees, middle managers and senior managers who work in the technical and professional (rural sector), the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Economy and Finance according to the census method. The findings of the qualitative part of the research introduced these indicators affecting sustainable rural employment: personal development, social system, government, infrastructure, economic system and resources. Then, the sub-criteria related to each of the 6 main criteria were extracted. Fuzzy ANP outputs show indicators: individual development, social system, government, infrastructure, economic system and resources; Respectively, they have the greatest impact on creating sustainable rural employment with a resilient economy approach. The results of this study show that the effective components in creating sustainable rural employment with a resistance economy approach are the social system, economic system, government, infrastructure and resources, respectively.

Entering the field of governance training has been seriously considered in recent years.In this study, based on the macro theories of the organization, we will seek to examine the mechanisms of governance schools from the perspective of the role of these centers in empowering governance. And by examining the world's leading government colleges, about 40 government schools were identified and 14 cases have been specifically analyzed. based on the four paradigms of functionalist, structuralist, interpretive and humanistic empowerment, the approaches of the selected governing schools are reviewed and policy recommendations regarding the governing requirements of t Iran are presented.

Public participation in political decisions has a long history where it has been exposed to many developmental processes and has become particularly important in recent years. In Iran also this issue has recently come to the attention of policymakers. The present study aims to identify the most significant drivers affecting the future of public participation in policy making. To achieve this goal, after library studies were carried out and interviews with experts were taken, a list of 93 drivers affecting public participation in policy making was identified. In order to reduce this list, thematic analysis was used and it was finally reduced to 24 drivers. After being placed in the designed cross-impact matrix, the drivers were given to 5 experts. Then, the consolidation of their ideas about the impressiveness and impressionability of each of the drivers was entered in the cross-impact matrix. By analyzing the output of the Mick Mac software, the extent of the affect and affected of each driver was determined. Factors such as "government type", "technology level", "sanctions", and "people's knowledge and awareness" were identified as key drivers having had the highest impact on public participation in policy making in Iran.

The emergence of new technologies has presented the technological revolutions to humanity. Wise policymaking to maximize the use of opportunities and minimize the threats posed by such technologies in the country, requires attention to the environment and the study of social conditions. The study of how Iranians face historical challenges with emerging technologies is an issue that helps to better explain the contextual conditions prevailing in society and has important lessons for policy making in this area. Using the comparative-historical approach and focusing on the teaching methods of policy, as well as the use of library and documentary resources, this study seeks to find out how Iranians face new technologies during the Pahlavi and Qajar eras. For this purpose, the economic, political and cultural conditions of the Qajar and Pahlavi eras have been explained by historical studies. While studying how governments, intellectual currents and religious currents face the emergence of new technologies in these conditions, elements have been extracted that have existed jointly during this period and also have implications for the country's current policy. Finally, by presenting a kind of classification, the elements are classified into three categories: governance policies, community contexts, and key actors, which outline the overall conditions of the country's emerging technology policy system and provide a more comprehensive view of policymakers.

Paying attention to the general problems of the society and adopting measures to solve them is one of the duties of governments that differentiate them from the private sector. , Policy evaluation, policy change and finally the end of the policy is one of the issues that countries are facing today.The purpose of this study is to provide a model for the acceptance of public policies in the field of personnel by the target community. The research method in this research is qualitative-quantitative, and using the Delphi approach, the dimensions and components of acceptance of public policies in the field of personnel by the target community have been extracted.In this research, based on research literature, 114 sub-criteria and 22 main criteria have been identified, which were provided to experts in two rounds of Delphi. Finally, 96 final sub-criteria were identified.The effect of the variables identified in the model showed that all identified factors have a significant effect on explaining the acceptance of policies. The control and evaluation factor of 0.798 has the most effect in explaining the acceptance of policies and the implementation tool of 0.297 has least effect.Based on the ranking of the main factors of the study, obstacles with a rank of 15.23 have the highest priority. Interference and dependence with the rank of 14.68 is in the second priority. The cultural factor with a rank of 14.48 is in the third priority and interaction and communication with a rank of 4.12 is in the last priority.

The purpose of this research is to design a policy model for the development of the international transit industry of goods in Iran. In the first phase, in order to collect qualitative data, after an extensive review of the literature related to the research topic, a framework was developed for asking interview questions with experts. Then, 13 experienced executive experts in the field of international transit of Iranian goods were selected through purposive sampling method (snowball). In the second phase, the interviews were conducted with the help of Atlas software. T and was coded by Clark and Brown six-step inductive analysis method. During open coding, about 92 items were obtained as basic concepts, which were classified into 24 primary codes, eight sub-themes and three main themes. Accordingly, and in view of all the explanations provided by the interviewees; The research model was presented in the form of three main themes of foreign transit development drivers, environmental barriers and constraints, and foreign transit development policy.

As the prominent pioneers of social change, elites of every society have an essential role in achieving goals and realizing national policies. By creating supportive capacities and formulating appropriate policies to manage talents, the governance system's future can be made more efficient to achieve public interest. This study's fundamental purpose is to identify strategic approaches in elite field planning, and the central question in this research can be posed as "What are the strategic approaches to determine the key issues in the elite field planning to streamline the governance system?" In this research, to identify the approaches, first documentary studies have been adopted, and in the strategic analysis, Bryson's strategic planning model has been employed. Four strategies for elite policymaking have been proposed: Internal- Agent-Based, External- Agent-Based, Internal- Structure-Based, External- Structure-Based. In the final part, the AHP decision-making model is used to prioritize the proposed approaches, and Internal- Agent-Based and Internal- Structure-Based have been identified as having the highest priority in elite policymaking.

Rationality should be considered as one of the central concepts in social sciences especially in the public policy. The importance of it as a reference point in the policy-making process has led to the formation of different theories around it. This article focuses on question, "How conceptual plurality of rationality in public policy formulated?"And through the method of Library Studies, we have attempted to investigate the literature of rationality in it. Although the scope of rationality debate has led to accumulation of good knowledge in it, it has brought a kind of conceptual confusion. We use Van de Van’s model to explore capacities for theoretical and practical solution."defining the logic of rationality placement", "using new terms in the field of rationality", "using the lived experiences of rational policy makers" and "moving towards producing operational indicators" as starting points for improving rationality in the national policy-making has been suggested.

The success of public policy is one of the neglected topics in policy science. Success has been less successful due to overcoming policy-related research. While reviewing success can provide a useful approach to designing and implementing future policies. On the other hand, reviewing the success of the policy in Iran can correct the public space in developing countries. Because there is an attitude towards these countries that have no success in the policies.This essay first explores the literature on the success of policy, and describes the factors enumerated by scientists for the reasons for the success of the policy. But due to the fundamental differences between scientists' views, this study is looking for a new window on the success of policy making. This window examines how successful. Hence, the story of how successful two policies in Iran were studied. These successful policies include defense and nuclear industries. The research was carried out using the method of thematic analysis and interviewed by twenty-six experts. Eventually, three organizational themes were selected, including behavioral-cultural-individual, organizational, and process-oriented. Sixteen main concepts were also obtained for the success of the policy in Iran

In this paper, Authors tried to explore and explain the development of the health system through the Advocacy Coalition framework as a framework for analyzing the process of change. The nature and objectives of the research required the use of a qualitative approach and two methods of library and interviewing. The snowball method has been used to select the interviewees and the thematic analysis method used to analyze the interview data. The results of semi-structured interviews with 12 experts represent the results of the study indicate the ability of the Advocacy Coalition framework to explain the policy change process of the health system. The four steps in formulating of Iran's Health system Reform plan are including: 1. National consensus; 2. Change in ruling coalition; 3. The emergence of opposition groups; 4. Selecting a strategy for confronting and implementing a policy.

Aim of this research is to describe policy making of development of the renewables in the country. Method of the research is grounded theory. Data is gathered through interview with managers and experts of different related organizations to renewable energy. Analysis of the data has been done in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding and in addition to determining of core phenomenon or category, casual, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences of development of renewables in I.R.Iran have been explained. In final, paradigmatic model of policy making of renewable energy has been drawn.

According to importance of development Assistance as an effective global tool for distributing wealth from rich nations to poorer one and a method to meet political, economic, and ideological interests of donor countries, many studies have targeted various aspects of development aid. Despite these studies, a few researchers focus on “how to figure out the necessity of establishment” & “how to accurately elaborate” Development Assistance Systems in ODA[1] literature review. Bridging the information gap, current paper tries to apply qualitative approach to provide policy- making process of Development Assistance system. Required data have been provided through benchmarking studies and interviews with 54 experts of critical areas such as Foreign Affairs, Policy making, Legislative, Economic, Cultural, Science and Technology, as well as domestic and foreign (Japan and South Korea) experts having experience of ODA. The results lead to the policy-making process of development assistance system for developing nations. [1] Official Development Assistance

Sea level rise is one of the most dangerous outcomes of climate change, which poses a serious threat to the coastal areas of developed and developing countries. This study identifies the factors that prevent the sea level rise in being recognized as problems requiring policy agenda setting by using Kingdon’s multiple streams framework model. The mixed research method applied in this research and in terms of data collection, qualitative and exploratory research was carried out by using Delphi technique. The members of the Delphi panel presented 10 items and finally, in order of priority, 9 items received the highest importance factor. Research findings state that there are ambiguous perspectives on policy-making levels towards increasing sea level rise as a public problem, and there is no consensus on the need for attention to this issue.

Absence of local entrepreneurship policy-making models caused that necessarily, local value components are recognized as well as providing an entrepreneurship policy-making framework in order to extend value themes to upstream documents in this field. This research tries to identify value components of entrepreneurship policy-making framework stipulated in the Mizan al-Hikmah and Al-Hayat Books. To this aim, the text of Hadiths and narratives are coded and analyzed through using thematic analysis method and MAXQDA software. The results showed that the value components of entrepreneurship policy-making framework in the Mizan al-Hikmah and Al-Hayat Books are comprised of six general themes; including axial components, factors affecting entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship groundworks, entrepreneurship areas, entrepreneurial performance as well as entrepreneurship consequences. Finally, an entrepreneurship policy-making framework has been provided based on themes of the network of value components of entrepreneurship policy-making framework. These value components can be used by the major policy-making actors (such as the Islamic Parliament, Expediency Discernment Council, and etc…) to adopt as well as implement the entrepreneurship policies.

The administrative system is an essential tool in advancing the aims and goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, we see that after four decades of the Islamic Revolution, high level documents of the country, including the Constitution, vision plan, macro policies and five-year development plans attach particular importance to it, and their general orientation has been designed to reach the optimal point and excellence of the administrative system. The main goal of this article is to design a model for the change of the administrative system from the perspective of cultural policies. The present study is developmental research in terms of purpose of and is applied in terms of the result. The statistical population of the research is the scientific and executive experts of the country. Using the network sampling method, a panel of experts consisting of 14 people and an executive board consisting of 16 people were designated. Using Delphi method, we identified, in three stages, the dimensions and indicators of the change of the administrative system from the perspective of cultural policies including dimensions affecting the change of the administrative system (cultural, political, administrative and economic), the components of the administrative system (at the managerial, political , legal and professional levels), the levels of the administrative system (individual, organizational and supra-organizational), the processes of transformation (structure, values, functions and human resources) and the government's approach in the face of transformation (learning, competition and imitation).

The purpose of this study is to introduce the concept of toxic policy making in Iran. Since this concept has not been studied, this research has been done based on the grounded theory. The results show that the features of the toxic policy making system are: lawlessness and anarchy, confusion and chaos in policy making system, lack of policy discourse, lack of process for policy learning, discriminatory policies, lack of coordination between interest of policy makers and national interest, lack of convergence of public policies with grand policies, and misunderstanding of the national situation.  The context and the causal conditions that set the stage for toxic policy making system, the strategies of toxic policy makers and the consequences of toxic policies are the other findings of this research that have been explained in detail.