جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اراده » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

A person's values, beliefs, insights and external behaviors are his lifestyle, which according to Ayatollah Khamenei is one of the dimensions of progress with the Islamic concept and an important dimension; Correcting and strengthening desire and reluctance is one of the important factors in lifestyle, which is very important in human development. Throughout history, humans have always faced disagreements regarding the necessity of religion, and there are research gaps in the field of reluctance versus the desire to be religious and its roots in human nature. The duality between human freedom and the limitation caused by having a religion is one of the challenging issues. In this article, by examining the concept of willingness and reluctance in the verses of the Quran and hadiths, we have clarified the unknown aspects of this ambiguity, explained the factors affecting human nature, analyzed the issue, and finally presented solutions to increase his willingness to accept religiosity. Investigating this issue is very helpful for clarifying the path of human behavior and reaching the highest goal of human beings; From the spiritual dimension, where the goal of man is salvation, prosperity and success, we should pay attention to the lifestyle; Even if we don't believe in spirituality and spiritual salvation, for a comfortable life, a life with psychological and open moral security, it is important to deal with the lifestyle. Therefore, the problem is a basic problem, the possible benefits of its investigation can lead to achieving unity and saving the public from going astray, and solve the current concerns of the Islamic society in order to solve the disunity between Muslims.

The issue of social security has been raised in human societies for a long time and in today's wars, while using different combat methods and tactics; it is being tried hard by continuously using soft methods and using various tools such as media, economic, cultural measures, to destabilize the will of the people with the aim of affecting the security of the society. Targeted and intelligent confrontation with this type of battle requires conducting extensive, scientific and thorough studies, at the top of these studies is the use of divine commands and laws by adhering to the honorable verses of the Holy Quran; the main objective of this study is to "explain how wills affect social security from the perspective of the Holy Quran" and the main research question is "what role do the wills play in social security from the perspective of the Holy Quran?" It was hepothesized that "factors such as God's great will, following Willayah, perseverance, faith in God, trust in God and explanation of jihad are effective in improving the level of social security from the perspective of the Qur'an”. In this practical study, grounded theory was used. The statistical population of the study consists of Holy verses of the Quran, interpretations of the Holy Quran, as well as 80 experts of Quranic and defense sciences. Field studies and library techniques were used  as data collection methods and data collection tool was a questionnaire. SPSS and MaxQuda software were used to analyze the data. Based on the findings of this study, the absolute majority (90.21% of the sample population) believe that the control of wills plays an important role in social security from the perspective of the Quran.

The study of the relationship between speech and meaning has a serious impacton the finding of the manifestation and analysis of the coining of the word. One ofthe controversial issues in this regard is that verbal signification is a factor of thespeaker’s will. For instance, if the speakers utters a word in sleep, does it connoteto its meaning, or, just by hearing a word, although there is no will to make thelistener understand its meaning, signification is formed? Avicenna (Abu Ali Sina)argues that signification is a factor of the will that has been criticized by scholars.There are two claims to prove his argument. First, coining for a speech that isnot meant by the speaker is invalid. Hence the coiner has coined the word onlyfor the meaning of what he intends. Second, will is effective in the significationof the truth. Hence, without will, signification does not hold true. However, boththe arguments have been questioned by some scholars. The present study is anattempt to explain and critically study the main controversy with emphasis onthe nature of signification and its commitment to knowledge based on ImamKhomeini’s viewpoint about signification. The findings of the study show thatAvicenna’s argument is valid.

The union or disunion of Talab (Quest) and Iradah (Determination) is one of the disputed issues among the scholars of Islamic jurisprudence. The difference of opinion stems from Kalam or speculative theology and the difference of opinion in attributing the quality of speaking to the Almighty God. The Asha’irah believe in speaking of God through the language of Quran, thus argue that Talab is different from Iradah. Imamiya jurists fall in two groups concerning the issue. One group believe in union of the Talab and Iradah due to the juxtaposition of the two and the belief in Kalam Nafsi (the concept that Allah's words subsist within Himself) like in Quran, while the second group reject juxtaposition of the two and maintain that it is possible to believe in disunion of the two while failing to accept Kalam Nafsi or God’s speaking through the language of Quran. Both believe in union of Talab and Iradah, but Akhund Khorasani and Imam Khomeini have adopted a different approach toward the issue. This paper has carried out a comparative study of Akhund Khorasani’s views as the first Usuli (majority Shia) scholar introducing the subject and Imam Khomeini’s views as a highly innovative personality in contemporary jurisprudential principles in order to clarify the differences between the two perspectives.

pillar and its components. The spiritual pillar of crimes, along with materialistic and legal pillars are considered as the trilateral pillars of crimes which exist both in intentional and manslaughter crimes. In general, the spiritual pillar has been incompletely investigated in Iran’s criminal law for many reasons. Moreover; intentional crimes are more important according to the different mental status of the person who commits crimes in terms of type, intensity and rate of punishment.

Using library studies and descriptive-analytical method, as well, and through analysis of the existing information, many results were obtained in this domain.

The most important spiritual pillar of the intentional crimes is the criminal intent which per se includes two elements of awareness and determination. In the end it is concluded that the legal matters should be explained in order to completely explain the criminal intent elements and clarifying the concept and limit of awareness and determination in criminal laws and the corroborative issues of intent besides corroborative and inherent cases be also explained in general penal law or in the chapters related to special penal laws in criminal laws, the corroborative and fundamental method about the criminal intent be explained, as well, and it should be ordained that courts of law express the criminal intent based on documents and legal grounds in their verdicts.

The aim of this study was to conduct narrative research on the acquisition of the championship platform by the legendary sisters of Iran’s Wushu. The research approach was qualitative, and a narrative research method was used. The narrative analysis was based on media interviews with Mansoorian sisters in the TV program “Honeymoon” which were considered as a purposeful sample. Descriptive codes were extracted based on findings obtained from narrative interviews with Mansoorian sisters in the face of events and actions occurring in their life. The characteristics extracted from interviewing with the sisters, were classified into three levels: intrapersonal personality characteristics (mental strength, self-efficacy), interpersonal personality characteristics (communicative moral virtues, cultural and financial differences acceptance capacity), and performance improvement strategies, (goal setting, positive suggestibility, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivations). According to the results, it can be admitted that psychological trauma, difficulties, and adversity acted as a catalyst for development of Mansoorian sisters.

Does every paradigms of human/social sciences base on a theory of practical wisdom? Historical analysis of the presence of practical wisdom in philosophical and human/social thought, shows us that everything we call human/social sciences, are theories in the field of practical wisdom. The outcome of different philosophical approaches in the history and in different geographical situations, is a special kind of human/social sciences. This reveals us that different systems of thought can produce different educational and strategic systems. With a glimpse to the works of Aristotle, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx, Max Weber and Hans-Georg Gadamer we show that how they proceed a theory in practical wisdom as it is equal to human/social sciences. Metaphysical foundation of this theory is the division of existence into creatures who are independent of human will and dependent ones

The book of ethics, law and politics includes the translation of the essays by famous German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. The various sections of the book encompass concrete issues that Schopenhauer has, like any other philosopher, expounded on the basis of his ontological and epistemological foundations. In this paper, we try to survey his ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations, as well as the relation between the conditions and the context of his personal and social life with his thoughts, to understand his most important concerns. Also, while referring to the structure of this book in terms of its form and content, the relation of our current world to the Schopenhauer's thoughts and reflections is analyzed briefly. An important issue in Schopenhauer's political and social ideas is the role of blind and aimless will as the ontological basis of his views, which has led to a bitter insight toward man and political life. However, he places great emphasis on human life, especially on ethics as a relationship between human beings and the art. So despite his pessimistic and tragic point of view, he is trying to provide a verifier vision of life.

Lunatics in penal rights system of Iran as a general rule, like penal rights systems of other countries, with the exception of Sweden, are free from penal responsibilities. General punishment rule No.1304 (corrected in 1352) was divided people mentally in two groups: people who were completely free from penal responsibility and people who have moderate mental and psychological diseases and have moderate responsibilities. However, Islamic punishment law enacted in 1370 by pointing out to the insanity and its ratings, has summarized all mental disorders and their impacts on the penal responsibility in act 51 of this law. Some people suffer from special mental diseases, without diagnosis of physician as insane. In addition, some of offenders were sane while commit a crime, but after that they suffer from madness. This has caused to more recognition of legal concept of madness legally from its concept in psychology. This writing tries to enrich interaction of legal and psychological concepts of madness at first and in continue it evaluates role of madness in penal responsibility, especially investigation of comparable modes with mental abnormalities from current point of view of Iran and England’s rules. it investigates that if accused people who claim for madness should prove his/her claim or public prosecutor should prove lack of madness.

Actor-network theory (ANT), as an important theory in the field of science and technology studies, treats artifacts as mediators and agents on the side of human beings in social networks. Human beings and technologies are mediators which transform the essence of each others. So, human actions, agencies and decisions are mediated; we decide and act »with «artifacts not» by« them. Decisions do not stem from an isolated human nature, and action and agency do not exclusively belong to human beings, but are distributed to a socio-technical network of human beings and objects. This approach creates some questions about relationship between artifacts and human beings and agency and human decision-making, including the followings: Does not distributed agency and agency of artifacts take away intentionality and freewill from man? What will happen to ethical and legal responsibilities of human beings? Following the distributed agency is the responsibility too distributed to the artifacts? Attempts have been made to provide answer to these questions in this paper. Based on the Actor-network theory (ANT) ’s approach, it will be demonstrated that network and symmetric approach to artifacts and considering them as mediators and agents, would not take away intentionality from human beings nor will it give intentionality to artifacts nor does it have non-intuitional consequences regarding responsibility.

Man is responsible for everything he does consciously and voluntarily. He never intends to do something unless he is already satisfied with it. In other words, real intent is a principal element of a legal act, the existence of which should be first ascertained before realization of its effects. This is where the stages before formation of man’s will are presented. In legal act, however, will is presented as esoteric and exoteric, and this serves as a subject of scientific debates and discussions among the scholars. In this paper, we have conducted a comparative legal study of the views by Imamiyah jurists, Imam Khomeini in particular, and the Sunni scholars along with positive laws in France and Germany.

Involvement of people's volition in the scope of women's right is one of the challenging subjects in this scope. The possibility of transferring or dispossessing of this right is a discussion which has a long history. The following question can be asked in any right that exists in women's right scope: is it possible to dispossess the right or transferring or rendering its possession and involvement of "permission" and "declared volition" in its "constriction and expansion " and "dispossession"? The answer of the above question, ultimately relates to right or obligation of the one who is in the right. Although, expressional right has the capability of transmission and dispossession and the declarative and written volition of the person in personal privacy has a crucial role in preservation and dispossession of the right and also its constriction and expansion. While the judgment (obligation) is unsusceptible of being invaded by people's volition in transferring and dispossession and substantially is concentrated on its advantages, disadvantages and issues. So, the judgment cant be dispossessed but by negation of the issue. The methodology of recognition of right from judgment in the scope of women right is requisite attention which is contemplated in this paper. Paying attention to commonalities, judgment and subject relations, written informative predicates, existing public goods and the right of the God are some of the scales which are discussed to catch the purpose of the study.

The truth of the meaning of the necessity and the desirability (recommendable) is among the serious issues discussed by experts of principles of jurisprudence, who have discussed them sporadically in their books. Boroujerdi has mentioned five narrations on this issue in his book. In enumerating the narrations, he has made distention between things and analyzed the narrations on the basis of this distinction. Attempts have been made in this article to restudy the truth of meaning of necessity and desirability (recommendable)in the light of the viewpoints and narrations of experts of the principles of jurisprudence with special reference to the viewpoints of Imam Khomeini.

The present research is aimed at painting an overall picture of intellectual development in which the concept, nature, characteristics and elements of intellect as well as its role in human life take center stage. This study is also meant to focus on development of intellect based on some prominent viewpoints and on theory of “human agency”. This research assumes that intellectual development of learners is instrumental in transformation of the country’s education system and to that end, the theory of human agency prepares the cultural groundwork for such overhaul. To secure the goals of the research, comparative analysis and practical comparison have been used. Along the way some theoretical and fundamental principles including the meaning and nature of intellect, particularly as far as ontology and teleology are concerned, have been reviewed. Then the components and elements of intellect as defined by the theory of human agency and their correlation with pragmatism have been explained. Finally, based on the findings of the research, the following have been proposed for the development of intellect among learners: developing a holistic approach to learners, testing the explanations and understandings based on evidence and experience, multifaceted handling of issues from different angles, developing the creativity of learners, and setting the stage for the analysis, arbitration and ethical behavior.

Radio as a sensory-hearing media depends on the perfect will not on the partial or imperfect will. This will is used sometimes by the administrative force of the director of media in order to plan some effective programs، and sometimes by the producer or media agent for the sake of influence on the audience in order to stimulate and instigate him/her. As its fundamental aim، this article would try to analyze the concept of will psycho- philosophically، and based on it; presents some ways to the genesis of motion in this media. Therefore، we would speak about will and its conceptual aspects firstly، and then about its objective and subjective aspects and finally we would conclude that every motion in a media like radio – especially self-conscious motions- needs a will for popular freedom not time-local determinism.

In the field of social relation in order to attain a right which is rooted in the free will of people, the notion of contract will come into being. It goes without saying that in this regard certain elements such as gasd (intention) rida (consent), iradah (will), ijab (offer) and gabul (acceptance) play the main role. In this line other stages such as tasawwur (concept), tasdig bi faideh (judgement) etc. should be passed and reach to the stage of consent and work out its content by the will which is called qasdi insha which takes place with inner intension, and inner intension can have a legal effect if it is associated with an external evidence and declared with affirmation. This article is an attempt to study Imam Khomeini's views in this regard.