جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ایران" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

Urban management has serious challenges because of unsuitable conditions in informal settlements, including unconventional housing, limited infrastructure, high vulnerability to natural hazards, environmental and health issues, high population density, social problems, lack of life facilities and services, informal employment and illegal possession of the land. Also, the deprivation of these areas from Public facilities makes them the focus of urban problems related to sustainable development. Evacuation and destruction of these areas is one of the common solutions facing city managers. This article examines the impact of forced evacuations and suggests alternative solutions with a documentary method. The results show that secure tenure and on-site upgrading,land Sharing and resettlement are eviction alternative. Surveys show that the solution of urban policy makers for urban poor communites in Iran has been in the form of resettlement and Secure tenure and on-site upgrading.

One of the significant socio-political ruptures in Afghanistan occurred when the Taliban seized power for the second time. This development disrupted the country's political structure and social order, plunging society into chaos. Among the various social groups, military personnel experienced particularly challenging conditions, as they found themselves facing those they had fought against for years, leaving them with no choice but to flee. This article aims to explore the narratives of this group's shifting social status and position. The research field includes 20 military individuals who fled to Iran following the collapse of the Afghan government. The study employs thematic analysis. Key theoretical concepts include stratification, status, status anxiety, habitus, and social trajectory. The overarching themes identified in the study are: the nightmare of retaliation; arduous and monotonous labor; the emergence of hysteresis habitus; longing for lost values; statelessness and the gradual demise of a soldier; feelings of helplessness and the loss of life's meaning; and displacement and social distress. Military personnel endure a wide range of psychological and emotional injuries that, while not fatal like war, are nonetheless traumatic. The profound collapse resulting from the erosion of their core values and status constitutes one such traumatic impact.

In South Asia, Urdu travelogue writing gained popularity in the second half of the 19th century. The most common Urdu travelogues were written about journeys to Mecca and Medina (for Hajj/Umrah and pilgrimage) and other religious visits to places like Iraq, Constantinople, Syria, Jerusalem, and Iran. For South Asian people, Iran was an attractive travel destination for several reasons: the sweet Persian language, the tombs of famous poets (Ferdowsi, Saadi, Hafez), the shrines of mystics (in Khorasan), the holy shrines of Imam Reza (A) and Lady Masoumeh (S) in Mashhad and Qom, the resting places of philosophers (such as Mulla Sadra), and historical architecture (in Isfahan and Rey). Due to this interest, South Asian travelers documented their experiences during their journeys or upon their return in the form of diaries, memoirs, or travelogues, which they published. This paper first provides a brief overview of travelogue writing in the Urdu language. It then analyzes the history of Urdu travelogues about Iran. Since the earliest printed travelogue in Urdu about Iran dates back to 1886 (1265 AH) during the Qajar era, the paper specifically focuses on Urdu travelogues written by travelers who visited Iran during the Qajar period (1800-1925) and whose accounts were published in British India during that time.

The primary function of the humanities and social sciences is to understand and address societal issues and problems, a task that is increasingly complex and specialized through interdisciplinary studies and fields. Even when disciplinary expertise fails to comprehend and resolve these problems, interdisciplinary approaches assume this role with enhanced capabilities, employing multidimensional and multilevel methodologies and epistemologies. The premise of this paper is that, in contemporary Iran, there are no acceptable theories or theorists in the field of interdisciplinary studies that meet international standards. This paper aims to explore the reasons behind the lack of prominent and internationally recognized theories and theorists in Iran today, particularly within the interdisciplinary domains of the humanities and social sciences. The factors contributing to this issue are manifold and exist at various levels; this article seeks to understand some of the main and general causes. The central question is: What are the challenges and obstacles to interdisciplinary theorizing in the field of humanities and social sciences in Iran? The article identifies and discusses six general challenges and barriers to Iranian theorizing in these fields, particularly in interdisciplinary studies: populism, politicisation, binary opposition, Westoxification, Pseudo-traditionalization, and bewilderment. This research simultaneously employs both phenomenological and foundational research methods.

Britain and the Arab tribes of Khuzestan (1925-1941)AbstractIn the early 20th century, the British government assumed a significant role in shaping the internal landscape of Iran through the acquisition of oil concessions and the establishment of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. However, the eruption of the First World War (1914-1918) and the Russian Revolution (1917) posed a formidable challenge to the continuation of British hegemony over the operational areas of the oil company. Consequently, London embarked on formulating a novel strategy that accorded utmost importance to the consolidation of power within Iran, considering it as the cornerstone of its foreign policy. The ascension of Reza Shah (1925-1941) and his authoritarian approach towards modernization and the centralization of political authority inevitably clashed with the interests of the Arab tribes, leading to population displacement and extensive migration of the Khuzestani tribes to neighboring Arab countries. This study endeavors to address the following question: What was the nature of the relationship between Reza Shah and the Arab tribes of Khuzestan? The central hypothesis posited in this research contends that the support strategy employed by the British government and the oil company, aimed at concentrating political power and fostering modernization in Iran, proved effective in mitigating population displacement and large-scale migration of Arab tribes to neighboring nations.Keyword: Britain, Iran, oil, Arab tribes.AbstractIn the early 20th century, the British government assumed a significant role in shaping the internal landscape of Iran through the acquisition of oil concessions and the establishment of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. However, the eruption of the First World War (1914-1918) and the Russian Revolution (1917) posed a formidable challenge to the continuation of British hegemony over the operational areas of the oil company. Consequently, London embarked on formulating a novel strategy that accorded utmost importance to the consolidation of power within Iran, considering it as the cornerstone of its foreign policy.

In this research, with the aim of increasing knowledge about how the cultural components of the nation brand of Islamic Republic of Iran are represented on Instagram, 75 sample posts (with purposeful sampling) from five selected pages in a certain period of time, using the qualitative content analysis method has been analyzed based on 13 summarized components. According to the findings of this research, the "places and buildings" component is ‎the most prominent and main cultural component represented in the nation brand ‎of Iran. Also, the components of "popular culture", "cultural lifestyle" and "natural ‎scenery and beauty" are other significant components in this regard. Moreover, ‎the characteristics represented from the cultural dimension of the nation brand of ‎Iran show that Iran is country with a rich historical, artistic, cultural and natural ‎heritage and has beautiful architectural works and natural landscapes. Also, ‎Iranians are kind, friendly and hospitable people, and in general, Iran is a very ‎attractive and enjoyable destination for tourists. Generally, the mentioned ‎components are represented on Instagram in an attractive and pleasant way for ‎the international audience. However, considering the diverse and numerous ‎cultural capacities of Iran, this represented image is incomplete. So that many ‎components, elements and characteristics of the cultural dimension of the nation ‎brand of Iran remain unknown to the international audience on Instagram.‎

Despite the role of neighborhoods in improving the quality of life in local communities, the new urban housing programs in Iran, including Mehr housing and social housing projects, relying on Modernist patterns have brought about undermining neighborhood identity and social sustainability. Conversely, the concept of neighborhood has been subjected to criticism from a variety of researchers. However, this concept continues to be the subject of research and decision-making, in accordance with the sustainable neighborhood development trend, despite the challenges and criticisms that have been raised. This paper investigated the reasons for the recurrence of this concept as micro-urbanism.The paper conducts an analytical review that employs the qualitative approach, the documentary method, and secondary data analysis to investigate the reasons for the continuity of development patterns based on the neighborhood concept in the 20th century, with a focus on Iranian experiences.According to the results of the initial segment of the paper, the neighborhood unit's dominance is primarily due to the tripartite socio-psychological, spatial-environmental, and political-managerial attributes. The study of Iran's experiences in the second part shows that despite the manifestation of this framework in the traditional neighborhoods of Iran, the new urban housing development plans missed it pervasively. Results Neighborhood-based development promotes the potential of forming coherent local communities with its own spatial-social-management capabilities. Nevertheless, the failure to incorporate this framework into Iran's new urban housing development plans, despite its appearance in traditional neighborhoods, has resulted in the absence of the desirable outcomes of neighborhood-based development. This is due to the pressure of population, economic, and financial considerations.

One of the factors that affect social welfare in societies is social capital. The objective of this research is to integrate the research on social capital and social welfare in order to more effectively utilize the knowledge that has been accumulated in these fields.Utilizing Meta-synthesis methodology, this article evaluates articles concerning social capital and welfare from 2012 to 2023.This article reviewed 16 scientific and research articles in the fields of social welfare and social capital.The results indicated that the economic dimension and objective indicators of well-being have been the primary focus of studies on well-being, with little attention paid to the mental dimension. Also, the findings indicate that the more a person is intertwined with his traditional and ethnic culture in terms of identity and culture, the more mental well-being he will enjoy. On the other hand, the reduction of social capital may lead to the reduction of economic and social productivity, increase of tensions and social anomalies. Additionally, economic capital is adversely affected by the degradation of social capital. These effects include: 1. Reduction of cooperation and trust: 2. Increase of transaction costs: 3. Reduction of innovation.Consequently, the social capital of ethnic groups in Iran is a multifaceted and intricate phenomenon that manifests in a variety of ways as a result of the cultural, historical, and social diversity of the country. Consequently, government policies and programs must establish harmony among all groups in order to foster a sense of intergroup solidarity. Along with intra-group solidarity, the welfare of the society is also improved.

Cultural identity and social behavior are two fundamental elements in shaping both individual and societal values within any community. Cultural identity, which originates from a society's culture, history, geography, and language, serves as a marker for lifestyle and social behavior. The education system plays a crucial role as a key medium for transmitting this identity and behaviors from one generation to the next. This study examines and compares the role of cultural identity and social behavior in the school curricula of Iran and Japan. The aim of this research is to analyze the extent to which cultural identity and social behavior are emphasized in the Iranian curriculum and to compare this with the approaches in Japan’s educational system, a leading country in this field. Data for the research were collected through library sources, scientific and research articles, theses, and a systematic review of the literature was employed. The results indicate that while the Iranian curriculum is primarily focused on specialized subjects in basic and human sciences, Japan places significant emphasis on fostering cultural identity and Eastern ethics in its students. In Japan, the school system is not only viewed as an educational environment but also as a temple for developing individuals with strong cultural and moral identities.

Examining the factors affecting the improvement of marital satisfaction in couples is one of the most important goals of psychology. Marriage has been described as the most important and fundamental interpersonal relationship due to the role it plays in establishing a family relationship and educating the next generation, and in satisfactory, successful marriages, couples send clear messages to each other. They trust each other and accept each other’s differences easily, which makes them creative to develop and plan their own identity. In this regard, the present study aimed to compare marital compatibility between Iranian and Turkish couples.

The current research was a comparative design. The statistical population of this research was all Iranian and Turkish couples, 300 Iranian couples and 300 Turkish couples were randomly selected and answered the marital compatibility questionnaire. Then, the collected data was analyzed using the analysis of variance test in SPSS software version 24.

The results of this research showed that Iranian couples are more compatible than Turkish couples (p<0.001).

Based on the obtained research findings, it can be said that in order to improve marital relations, psychologists and family counselors should emphasize more on educating couples on marital issues.

With the increase in the elderly population, it is necessary to check the suitability of various places, including religious places, with the conditions and needs of the elderly. According to the theory of transcendence, which is one of the newest theories of gerontology, during old age, people's spiritual tendencies increase and attendance at religious rituals increases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the compatibility of the Holy Shrine of Shahcheragh (AS) with the indicators of an elderly-friendly city. The current cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 400 elderly people living in Shiraz city in 2018. The samples were selected using the two-stage cluster sampling method from among the elderly covered by health centers in Shiraz. The information was collected by World Health Organization's Elderly Friendly City Questionnaire (AFCQ) and demographic information questionnaire. The data were analyzed by independent t-tests and hierarchical regression at a significance level of 0.05 by SPSS version 23 software. Based on the results, the score of the whole city of Dostdar Al-Salmand and its six indicators in the Holy Shrine of Hazrat Shahcheragh (AS) was in an average state. Also, the total score and all the indicators (open spaces and public places, safety and ease of traffic, respect and social inclusion and health-treatment) except the index of buildings and social participation had significant differences based on gender.

Collective conflict in local communities is always an issue that has been the focus of social researchers in our country in recent years. This occurrence poses a threat to the peace, security, and quality of life of the populace, particularly in traditional and tribal communities, where it induces tendencies toward dominance and anxiety. In recent years, it has been increasing in our country and for this reason, many researchers have investigated this phenomenon, the current research was conducted to understand the background, causes, and main factors of conflict formation in Iran.This investigation implemented the meta-synthesis methodology. The demographic of our study 34 articles were chosen in accordance with the criteria, and they were published in scientific journals and theses. We conducted an analysis of the findings of this investigation and identified 10 categories. In order to ensure the quality of our categories, we obtained the approval of an expert and calculated Cohen’s Kappa coefficient.The findings of the research indicate that the studies conducted at the level of description have primarily concentrated on the relationship between background variables and the degree of tendency to conflict. The research conducted at the level of explanation has identified social, cultural, and ecological causes as effective in generating conflict. Some research has attempted to address this phenomenon by proposing solutions such as restorative justice and trust. In the most extensively researched studies, the primary causes of collective conflicts are scarcity, environmental challenges, vertical collectivism, tribalism, and rights and property issues.Its analysis and meta-synthesis demonstrate that the primary causes and factors of collective conflicts in Iranian society have been centered on the three primary axes of tribalism and vertical collectivism, as well as the challenges of rights and property and environmental resources. The conflicts that transpired in the central and arid regions of Iran were primarily precipitated by environmental and resource constraints, while those that transpired in the west and southwest were primarily influenced by tribalism and its repercussions. In the east and south-east, conflicts have been primarily influenced by the experience of conflict, deprivation, and socio-political insecurity. In the northern areas, there have been more causes of inequality and a sense of relative deprivation.

 Oil was extracted in Iran since 1286, and from the beginning of the 14th century of Hijri, it became one of the pillars of the country's economy in such a way that its traces can be seen in all political, economic and social developments. This research deals with one of the dimensions of the effect of oil on the political economy of Iran, i.e. the government's economic policy between 1384 and 1392, and its main problem is to analyze the extent and manner of the impact of oil market changes on the government's economic policies. The purpose of the research is to determine the effects of the sudden change in the price and fluctuations of the Iranian oil income on the economic policies of the government and the changes made in the most important economic indicators in the mentioned years. The need to carry out this research is because oil income fluctuations continue to affect government policies and the pathology of previous governments' performance can be effective in economic re-planning. The method of qualitative research and thematic analysis is the method of data collection is library studies and checking official statistics. According to the research data, domestic and international developments have caused fluctuations in the amount of production, price and income of oil, and these fluctuations are caused by certain economic policies such as financial expansion, justice-oriented programs, relative neglect of the tax system and It has followed financial discipline.

Human resources, particularly elite and competent individuals, play a vital role in various national domains. Therefore, effective and purposeful management of these valuable assets is crucial. When a society lacks elites, its development process can stagnate. Iran has been experiencing elite migration for some time, which poses significant challenges to the country's development. This study aims to examine and identify the factors influencing elite migration in Iran. A hierarchical process analysis-based evaluation model has been employed to rank these influential factors. In this regard, an expert-designed questionnaire was first created and then completed by experts. The results indicate that, according to experts, globalization has the most significant impact on the migration of Iranian elites. This paper proposes creating networks of Iranian professionals abroad for part-time collaboration with domestic scientific centers as a short-term solution. For a long-term solution, it suggests the creation of a suitable environment across various economic, social, and cultural dimensions to retain the country’s experts and mitigate their migration abroad.

From a demographic perspective, this study focuses on social responsibility as an indication of socio-cultural changes in the contemporary world, which has also been recognized in the second demographic transition theory as the most significant determinant of the changes in family and fertility. The research data is based on a survey conducted in urban-rural areas of Gorgan and has been analyzed by SPSS24 and AMOS25. The results obtained for Cronbach’s alpha, Kaiser-Meyer-Oklin, and Bartlett's test of sphericity are 0.954, 0.787, and 10702.896 respectively. According to the results, about one-third of the respondeants hold a high or very high level of social responsibility, and the remaining two-thirds hold a low level and middle level of social responsibility. The fFemale population has a higher level of social responsibility than the male population. Also, age and responsibility are correlated: the older the age, the higher the level of social responsibislity. The multivariate results confirmed that the higher levels of education and income lead to a higher level of social responbislity. In sum, the sustainable success of the higher childbearing-oriented policies rests upon the government’s comprehensive programs in order to meet responsibly a wide range of the needs in society that will also improve the individuals’ responsible behaviours and committed cooperation.

Marriage patterns occur in various forms across different cultural settings. This study seeks to investigate the role of ethnicity in mate selection in Iran. Data from the "Marriage Survey" of the National Organization for Civil Registration of Iran (2016-2017) was used, which includes 9458 individuals who referred to the pre-marital testing laboratories in all provincial centers (except Tehran). The findings showed that 85% of the marriages were semi-arranged (spouse selected by the individual and approved by the family). The multinomial logistic regression test results showed that after controlling all the covariates, ethnicity retains its association with mate selection of both sexes. This finding emphasizes the importance of the normative-ethnic theoretical approach in explaining mate selection in Iran, contrasting with the theoretical approach of the similarity of characteristics. This study confirms the findings of previous studies on the role of ethnicity in marriage patterns in Iran. It emphasizes the importance of considering it as a cultural factor associated with specific values, norms, and customs in designing policies and programs that facilitate and consolidate marriage.

Understanding demographic characteristics, including the size and structure of a population, is foundational for strategic planning. This study aims to analyze historical shifts in Iran’s demographic composition and size, projecting these trends into the future.

Utilizing a secondary research approach, this study analyzed data from the 2016 General Population and Housing Census and annual vital events records from the Civil Registry Organization of Iran. Demographic methods were applied to assess past population changes and forecast future shifts. 

The findings reveal that Iran’s population growth has varied over time. Initially, the growth was modest, with a 2.1-fold increase from 1920 to 1940. The most significant surge occurred between 1970 and 1990. Under a scenario of rising fertility, the population is projected to reach 98 million by 2040. 

Iran’s population is aging, with an expected rise in the number and proportion of the elderly. To address the age composition of the population, it is necessary to increase the fertility rate through incentive policies and reduce the migration of young people. Regarding the size of the elderly population, there will be a need for special services such as social security, geriatric medicine, suitable recreation, appropriate housing, and overall, an elderly-friendly city. Key Message: The aging of Iran’s population is inevitable and accelerating. It is crucial to anticipate the future needs of the elderly and develop appropriate policies to address them effectively.

A combined war, which is referred to as a complex operation, includes targeted and planned actions by a governmental or non-governmental actor against the components of a country's national power in order to overthrow or disable the target country. Nationality depends on the strategy, methods, tools, power of the attacking force and the purpose of the combined war. The main purpose of this article is to explain the nature, principles, and characteristics of America's combined war against Iran. This article is applied and done by analytical-explanatory method. The collection tool was library and field, the sample size is 45 people. According to the findings of the research, the combined war of America against Iran is a combination of hard, soft and smart power based on the combination of "collapse from inside and pressure from outside" strategy. Based on this strategy, he always announced that all options are on the table to deal with Iran. According to the results of the research, the combined war of America against Iran is based on the combination of strategies, methods and tools, and this war has 10 principles and 24 characteristics.