جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "رفاه" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

 Security one of the most obvious aspects of the growth of a society and the foundation of its growth, development and stability. The economic prosperity of a society, investment, planning for development, progress and any activity that can be an effective factor for improving the economic situation, and social welfare and other aspects of the society, are all under the shadow of security establishment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of crisis management and urban accidents in the sense of security and well-being of the citizens of Tehran.

 The research method is descriptive-survey and a questionnaire used. The statistical population included the citizens of Tehran and managers, deputies and experts of crisis management headquarters in 22 districts of Tehran. Cluster sampling and sample size is 376 people for citizens and 40 people for experts.

The greatest impact of crisis management in increasing the sense of security from the experts' point of view includes social support and welfare, reducing risk and danger, reducing crimes and delinquency, and social order. According to citizens' point of view, the greatest effect of crisis management in increasing the sense of security includes reducing risk and danger, social support, social order, and reducing crimes and delinquency.

The feeling of security is necessary and essential for the healthy physical and mental condition of the people of the society. security puts the person in a state of mental and psychological structure disorder. Crisis management and control can provide a stable and peaceful society and the security of its citizens against unexpected events and drastic changes.

Smart cities utilize technology to enhance the quality of life for their residents. This technology can be applied in various areas, including transportation, energy, safety, health, and the environment. Public relations in these cities play a crucial role in planning, implementing, and evaluating programs that emphasize urban intelligence as a means to promote societal health and well-being. This article is based on a qualitative study, involving interviews with individuals knowledgeable in the fields of smart cities, public relations, and social health. Interviewees represented a diverse range of backgrounds, including government, industry, and academia. The findings of this study demonstrate a close relationship between smart cities, public relations, and social health. Smart cities can contribute to improving social health by enhancing citizen participation, reducing crime rates, and improving environmental quality, while public relations can aid in promoting smart cities and raising awareness about their benefits. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend that governments and private organizations invest more in smart cities and leverage the expertise of public relations professionals to promote initiatives and policies that contribute to social health in smart cities, while also engaging citizens in the planning and implementation of smart city projects.

By reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy, it is increasing the number of elderly people as well as retirees in the world. Retirement is a turning point in the lives of middle-aged people, which is associated with changes in daily life, social roles and economic issues, and self-image. Since retirement is a critical stage in a retiree's life, you can get through it easily if you stay healthy and safe. In general, quality of life is a multidimensional concept, relative and influenced by time and place, as well as individual and social values, which should be considered in its various aspects, to get a more complete picture of this concept. It is also necessary to make the necessary decisions to improve the quality of life and its roots and causes of existence. Therefore, pay attention to the fact that this segment of society is already needed by researchers, planners, planners. In particular, the retirees of the forces who will be accompanied by challenges during the retirement of these people, for this purpose, attention is paid to these challenges, which are examined in this study. In this, using comparative studies and interviews with the study of successful international and national concepts and experiences, the improvement and promotion of armed forces retirees based on legatum indicators has been discussed as the main goal and in solutions to increase the growth of Iranian armed forces retirees. A comparative study of the situation of retirees and facilities in the country is presented.

Health is one of the main indicators of development in any country, and investing in this sector has a direct impact on the welfare of society and economic growth. The lack and insufficiency in providing health services is considered as a sign of government weakness. Therefore, it is very important to examine the performance of governments in the health sector.

The present research has investigated the effect of governance sub-indicators on health costs for two groups of low-income and high-income countries. To conduct this research, a balanced mixed data model was used. The total health cost was used as a dependent variable and the governance sub-indicators including six sub-indicators were used as independent variables and the human development index was used as a control variable. We used Eviews10 software to perform calculations.

The findings of the research in the group of low-income countries confirmed the effect of the following governance indicators on health costs. In addition, all the coefficients of the variables in the high-income group were significant at the 90% confidence level, which means that the better the governance index, the higher the health costs appear to be. The model used in the research also had a suitable fitness.  

Arguing based on the results of the research, it is recommended to the governance system of low-income countries that have weak governance to reduce political instability and reduce restrictive laws. In addition, removing trade barriers and creating a competitive environment in these countries is a key and inevitable issue.

Efficiency is a fundamental concept in economics, especially microeconomics, and is an idea for the optimal allocation of resources and facilities for the production of goods and services. This concept because it can go beyond a criterion for evaluating economic activities and have a basis for social arrangements and thus the direction of society. Accordingly, the role of this concept in the formation of the economic system is very important. The place of this concept in Islamic economics, as a knowledge whose identity is formed on the basis of a different understanding of conventional economics, is investigated in this article. Using the content analysis method, after examining the concept of efficiency and its foundations and previous concepts, this article examines the related concepts in religious-Islamic knowledge and concludes that this concept is related to the type of Islamic attitude towards human beings and Economic activities are not compatible and the Islamic economic system can not be organized according to this concept.

One of the ideals of the Islamic Revolution is social security and it is included in the constitution and other upstream documents, but it is conceptualized in the discourse order of agents after the Islamic Revolution (based on theoretical and practical requirements) with different approaches and policies. Different and sometimes heterogeneous has led to the complete lack of welfare and social security in the country. In this regard, the present study seeks to answer the question that welfare and social security in the four governments after the Islamic Revolution (with the discourses of the Oppressed, Construction, Reform and Justice) have been established and highlighted by what semantic implications that have led to such results? To answer this question we used the Laclau and Mouffe discourse analysis method to analyze the texts of speeches of high officials, especially presidents, the relevant laws and regulations in each of the ruling political discourses that have emerged in the hegemony of governments. The analyzed texts also include the speeches of high-ranking officials, especially the presidents, the law on development programs, the practical actions, and the regulations and reports of the Ministry of Welfare and Social Security in the period of each government. Due to the ideology of the Islamic Revolution and the war, the Opressed-Oriented Government pushed the oppressed groups from the margins to the center, thus articulating its welfare discourse with the nodal point of the “centrally oppressed”.The Constructive Government sought to articulate its discourse by “compensating for the shortcomings of economic development” as the nodal point. The Reformist Government, using Article 29 of the Constitution, deconstructed the nodal point of the constructive government welfare discourse and articulated its discourse with the nodal point of a “comprehensive welfare and social security system.”The Justice-Oriented Government has also articulated its welfare discourse with the nodal point of “equal access of individuals to social security protections” by emphasizing distributive justice, compassion and service to the poor and the development of underdeveloped areas. The trend of welfare and social security discourse during the four governments after the Islamic Revolution in Iran indicates that each government has articulated its welfare discourse under a different nodal point but with common floating Singnifiers. In this way, a rupture occurred between their nodal points, resulting in a different and sometimes contradictory trajectory. As a result, they are not complementary to each other, but nevertheless, the various aspects of welfare and social security in each government have improved compared to the previous one.

The legal system is the most important legal issue that in everyday life, by defining punishments, determines the permissible behaviors of individuals in society; But in today's modernity and lifestyle that people choose, traditional, pre-modern corporal punishment is less applicable than in the past. Of course, this legal system is not fixed for societies and varies from one society to another. Therefore, in our country, where the philosophy of life is based on the Holy Shari'a and the Holy Quran, the lifestyle of society is different from the lifestyle of modernity. Therefore, the legal system listens to the members of the society, how each behavior is normal and acceptable, and which behavior is abnormal and how it reacts. Therefore, whatever issue is raised in society, creating a law for it should be the last resort. Because with the right legislation, the legitimate expectations of the people of the society can be met. The legal system of each country determines the line and mesh and demarcation of society, and globally, the rules of the international legal system are formally demarcated for countries by international organizations. Therefore, the application of punishments affects all forms of life. Therefore, according to the resources available within the framework of the law, governments help all those who are unable to pay for living expenses for any reason, and welfare services in different countries are very variable and its meaning varies from country to country.

Subsidies are one of the economic policies to promote economic and social justice in society, as well as to support producers and consumers in many countries. Since subsidizing targeting has been at the forefront of government economic transformation plans in recent years, it has affected society. This research is a descriptive-analytical research that has been done to evaluate the economic and social effects of targeted subsidies scheme on household welfare. The statistical population is 384 households residing in Tabriz. Multistage cluster sampling was used for sampling. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire whose face and content validity was verified by a group of experts. The collected data were processed and analyzed using SPSS software. khi 2 test and one sample T-test were also used to test the hypotheses. Finally, the results showed that in the economic aspect, the implementation of targeted subsidy legislation had a negative impact on households' purchasing power, and by implementing it, households were less able to provide better food for their family members and less able to provide for themselves and their families. Or provide family members with some goods they haven't bought. In addition to the social dimension, the scheme has had a positive impact on the cohesion of families and the disparity between family members with cash subsidies has increased slightly. The plan has also had a negative impact on reducing the feeling of social inequality, and cash subsidies have reduced the gap between the poor and the wealthy.

Summary Every government or political system is a crystallization of a strategy for producing and presenting values that are referred to as "political values." The present study uses the "intentional hermeneutics" method to study the rule of Imam Ali (AS) from the perspective of how he adhered to political values. The question is, what did the Imam (as) face with components such as justice, freedom, security and welfare as political values? The findings of the study indicate that in the rule of that Imam, justice as a network that has various components such as truth, fairness, honesty and public interest. The freedom of the people, especially the opposition, is so important to the Imam (as) that he says: I cannot force you to do what you do not like (Sermon 208, 222). According to him, security is a universal right that makes sense in the light of power, and the government is merely the custodian and instrument of security, and it must eliminate the grounds for fear and need. In the discussion of social welfare, he encouraged the people to work and try and allocate an equal share of the treasury for the members of the society, even his opponents, while raising the living standards of the people, paving the way for the growth of their public self-esteem and increasing the level of people's freedoms. They were crying. Keywords: Political Values, Justice, Freedom, Security, Welfare.

  Existing facts denote that happiness is not in an appropriate state in Iran and Illam province, while nowadays happiness is one of the most important elements of development and welfare and crucial factor in social order too. Current research tried to study and identify effective factors on happiness in Illam province and make some recommendations to increase it. After review of literature and identify the most effective variables on happiness in previous researches, the theoretical debates have been studied and categorized in philosophical, religious and scientific (sociology and psychology) fields. There are three general approaches in social sciences and psychology including cognitive, social and critical that address happiness. Current research was based on social approach. It has three subcategories that theoretical framework has been formulated based on them: collective behaviors (Durkheim’s approach), cultural and historical characteristics (Inglehart’s theory) and institutional processes (Giddens’s approach). Methodologically, current research was a mixed design that has been conducted in exploratory design. In first step, qualitative method has been implemented. The data gathered by semi-structured interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis. Then, the metric has been designed for survey. In qualitative section, the participants are 48 who have been chosen by purposive sampling. They have been consisted of two groups: ordinary people (36) and experts & researchers (12). In quantitative section, the multi-stage cluster sampling has been used and sample size has been 744. The quantitative data have been analyzed by SPSS statistical software and presented at two descriptive and inferential levels. Maxwell’s model of validity including descriptive, interpretive and theoretical validity has been used in qualitative section. In quantitative part, validity has been examined by face validity. Reliability has been confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.
Discussion of Results and The main identified themes that have been drawn are four including: First, happiness as liberty which has two sub-themes: negative liberty (being free from any unpleasant factor that is preventive of peace and good life) and positive liberty (having necessary facilities for pursuit goals and priorities of life). The Second theme is happiness as adjustment which means harmony and fitness between subjective and objective conditions of life. Third, happiness as life satisfaction or positive evaluation of life, and the forth one is happiness ass power that being able to accept and dealing with troubles and unpleasant affaires and their negative consequences. In addition, the results of statistical analysis show that the relationship between such variables as social trust, wealth, ontological security, social integration, religiousness and kinship relations with happiness has been indirect. Anomie has had an inverse effect on happiness. The findings of path analysis show that amongst variables that have been studied, social trust has strongest impact on happiness. It could be said that due to decrease of social trust, social integration and kinship relations have been weaken and anomie has increased. Anomie, in turn, leads to decrease in ontological security. The final result of this cycle is decrease in happiness.
Based on findings, six general strategies have been formulated to improve happiness, including economic and expanding welfare strategy, reconstruction of community, educational strategy, the management of urban spaces, develop of sport facilities and complexes, and political development. In sum, regarding to such criteria as efficiency, effectiveness, popular acceptance, enforceability and fiscal & budget issues, it seems that “reconstruction of community” could be the best and most important strategy for making policies to improve happiness in Illam province. This strategy has been operational in three recommendations including strengthen social integration, recover and rejuvenate tradition and rehabilitate social gaps

The creation of free trade zones in the specific regions of the country is one of the plans and initiatives that are often undertaken by the states to develop the region and improve its people social welfare. In Iran, in recent decades, these projects have been implemented in different regions of the country, which Aras Free Zone is one of these projects. Although significant controversies have been made on the impacts of these areas, which have often been referred to ineffectively, less research has been done, especially on the area under study regarding welfare indicators. Hence, this research inspired by Ferguson's notion that developmental plans would unintentionally lead to changes that were neither quite positive nor negative, and using the comparative method examines the outcomes of the Aras Free Zone on indicators Social welfare in this region. The findings show that although the Aras Free Zone, like other free zones of Iran, has not achieved its goals in general, its effects in various welfare indicators have not been the same. For example, in such indicators as health care, education, employment status has had some positive effects. Nevertheless, in other indicators such as social security and the need for supportive organizations and the economic situation (economic welfare), it has almost neutral effects. Simultaneously, in some indicators, such as housing conditions and Housing costs have had very negative effects. Similarly, it often leads to the formation of reverse immigration and the rise of strangers in the Aras commercial-industrial free zone.

The most important problem of Iran’s economy in 2010s was decline in financial strength of government for continuing economic subsidies, which led to failure to start and continue infrastructural and vital projects . Also, it changed the optimum social consumption habit . These reasons caused the government to start economic reform (such as liberalization of energy conduit prices ),which was called economic evolution plan, from the winter of 2010. Beside these reforms, external shocks such as oil price increase caused a deep effect on Iran’s main economic variables such as inequality. This research aimed to investigate the effect of inequality changes on the welfare per capita in this period . . In other words, the effect of changes in income distribution (inequality) on welfare on 2011 compared to 2003.
The marginal utility of consumption was used as the determinant of welfare per capita. To measure welfare, Bergson – Samuelson model was applied, which considers both effects of income on welfare and income distribution. The Bergson -Samuelson model’s marginal utility of consumption is generated from two parameters; the consumption per capita and the elasticity of marginal utility of consumption / income. The second parameter is an indicator for inequality. There are some different methods for calculation of the elasticity, but behavioral evidence and revealed social values approaches are two reliable of them which were used in this paper. Considering that welfare changes were calculated for a period of eight years, the results can be used in the long-term policy making.
The results showed that Iran’s welfare per capita decreased by 5.23 percent in 2011 compared to 2003 due to increase in inequality It is worth mentioning that in this period, inequality aversion increased.
The elasticity of marginal utility of consumption in Iran for 1965-2003 and 1982-2011 was equal to 1.56 and 1.92 respectively, which show inequality aversion. In fact, this aversion caused a 5.23 percent decrease in welfare per capita in Iran. Also, based on the revealed social values approach, the marginal utility of consumption elasticity is equal to 1, which is not reliable due to the high share of oil revenues on the government’s income.

Since the consumption patterns of markers to define the values, attitudes, behaviors of individuals and subsequent situations are explained and their importance for social analysis increases day by day, they can play an important role in determining individual assessments of their life (mental welfare). This study in addition to examining the role and importance of consumption patterns and mental well-being also examine the relation of these two concepts. Target population of this study includes all residents over 15 years in Tehran which the researchers, 400 of them were select questionnaires was used to collect data. The results show 92.3 percent of people who have traditional consumption pattern with low subjective well-being, 88.8 percent of people who have a combination of subjective well-being, and 89 percent of people who have had a high subjective well-being modern consumption patterns, a total 19.9% of the variance of independent variables to explain their mental well-being.

Unemployment Insurance Welfare Program in Iran suffers from several problems including financial problems, lengthy procedure of receiving unemployment benefit for some groups of the insured and the slow exit of the unemployed from the situation of benefit dependency, making the evaluation of this program a necessity. The research which underlies the present paper has applied three kinds of evaluations, namely: need based evaluation, process evaluation, and impact evaluation. Using a qualitative method, in-depth interviews have been carried out with both the unemployment benefit recipients as well as the unemployment insurance staff while related administrative documents and evidence have been reviewed and analyzed. An analysis of the data reveals nine main themes which represent the most important challenges of the program, which are as follows: lengthy administrative process, lack of a comprehensive coverage of all eligible people, abuse of the program (welfare fraud), coercion and abuse by employers, imbalance between the incoming and the outgoing numbers of unemployed people (to and from the unemployment insurance fund), weak re-employment, inconsistency in administrative data and statistics, welfare dependency, and lack of coverage for all needs of the unemployed.

Deteriorated fabric are the part of city that influence on city form, function, quality and security. Therefore, realization of sustainable development and improve the quality of life and welfare of citizens require reconstruction and rehabilitation of city deteriorated fabric. Achieving this requires an enterprise and to facilitate the participation of all institutions involved the urban planning development and the people.
This study is applied with quantitative and qualitative approach and for achieving data field survey is used. Operational indicators identified with the exploratory study through conducting interviews with ten experts and executives related to reconstruction of deteriorated fabric. The population of the research included managers and professionals related to the renewal of city deteriorated fabric and current residents that participated in the reconstruction. Sample society includes 362 heads of households that were random selected.
Findings: Study finding indicate that the amount and intensity of the influence of the individual factors is more than structural, institutional and organizational factors. Assessment of importance of indicators shows that citizens participation in setting objectives, granting financial facilities and residents education factors are higher than average.
To achieve effective and lasting contribution to structural, institutional, organizational and individual factors, combined and considered at the same time. However, individual factors have an important role. Attitude of people to participate requires consideration of individual factors. However, only changing people's attitudes for participation in the modernization and rehabilitation projects is not enough. In addition to individual factors, organizational and legal structures is necessary for participation.