جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « زیست پذیری » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Historical places possess distinct physical forms and materialities, but their modes of use and engagement can undergo transformations over time. In recent decades, a notable shift in the way people interact with and experience these spaces has become apparent, which is the focus of this research. The question arises whether, instead of serving as a means for sharing warm, meaningful, and specific atmospheric experiences, historical places have now become primarily beautiful vistas that must only be briefly admired due to contemporary demands, urban haste, and the unique living conditions enabled by new media. Isfahan's Naqsh-e Jahan Square, one of Iran's most prominent historical sites, has hosted a variety of spaces and physical forms, each reflecting a particular quality of urban life in different historical periods. Can a distinct and pervasive mode of engagement with Naqsh-e Jahan Square be identified, where its dominant form significantly differs from its previous forms? How do the people present in the square experience this change? And what are the key factors driving this transformation in the cultural experience of the site?. This study aimed to explore the evolving nature of people's interactions with and perceptions of this historic place, examining whether it had shifted from a space of lived experience to one primarily of visual consumption and spectacle. Understanding the underlying factors behind this potential transformation could provide valuable insights into the changing cultural significance of historical urban environments.

Given the nature of the research topic and the requirements of the field, this study employed an ethnographic approach. Ethnography involves direct observation, participation in daily activities, interaction, and interviews within the natural environment. The core of the ethnographic work was participatory observation.Through systematic observation of Naqsh-e Jahan Square at different times of day from November 2023 to May 2024, spanning consecutive and often continuous days, the researchers aimed to provide a comprehensive description of the various situations and activities occurring in the field. Detailed notes were taken to document how participants interacted with different parts of the square.During the observation periods, relevant photographs were also captured. Some of the most salient images will be briefly described in the findings section.For the interview component, the researchers first selected informants, who had been theoretically and practically engaged with Naqsh-e Jahan Square for many years. Additional interviewees were recruited from among the merchants operating in the four sides of the square and the adjacent covered market. Informal conversational interviews were also conducted based on the specific situations encountered during the researchers' presence in the square.Over the 7-month period, a total of 17 individuals (11 men and 6 women aged approximately 24 to 65 years) were interviewed and their concepts were coded and analyzed.Another method employed in this research was the review and secondary analysis of relevant documents and data. These materials included books and theses written about Naqsh-e Jahan Square, as well as the data obtained from the square's managers and the information websites of Isfahan municipality.The combined results of these field-based and analytical methods supported the researchers in addressing the research questions and developing a comprehensive understanding of the transformations in the cultural experience of this historic site.

The observations indicated a shift in the use of mosques within Naqsh-e Jahan Square, transitioning from places of worship to tourist attractions. This was evidenced by the presence of numerous photographers at different times and the continuous efforts to enhance the square's visibility and framing for optimal visual perspectives.The interview findings revealed a focus among policymakers on the desirable representation of the square as a priority. This approach of privileging visual representation appeared to be in conflict with the habitual practices and lived experiences of those present in the square. The review of relevant documents also made the researchers aware of the physical changes to the space over the years, the numerous regulations imposed, and the hosting of special events - all aimed at sustaining the policies of visually representing the square.In relation to the research questions and methodology, the findings indicated the emergence of a particular mode of engagement with the square in recent decades. This shift appeared to be linked to broader social changes within Iranian society and, in many cases, beyond the country's borders.Urban social spaces have traditionally been integral to the urban fabric. However, the changes observed in the rhythm and quality of presence within Naqsh-e Jahan Square in a two-way interaction with the subjects present had led to further transformations in relation to thecity and even national elements.Whereas the visual beauty of the square was previously effective in creating and sustaining other meanings, this research suggested that the possibilities of the square were now arranged primarily to enable an appropriate visual experience. Individuals and movements could now gain visibility by positioning themselves within the grandeur of the square, a meaning that was markedly different from the previous lived experiences and conceptions of this historic place.In conclusion, the findings of this study pointed to a transition in the cultural significance of Naqsh-e Jahan Square, from a space of shared, meaningful atmospheric experiences to one that was increasingly dominated by the imperatives of visual representation and spectacle. Understanding the factors driving this transformation can provide valuable insights into the evolving role of historical urban environments in contemporary society.

The perception of residents of a neighborhood about their life there may indicate "restlessness" and "tension" or "peacefulness" and "calmness". The starting point of the present study is the lived experience of one of the authors and the exploratory observation of two others in the Daulatabad neighborhood of the city of Kermanshah who found that the general feeling of the residents there is related to "place" and their sense of belonging. As such, the article intends to search as what makes the residents to feel so. While searching for the main question, the accuracy of more or less intuitive statement was also tested. But the emphasis had been to find elements that make life in Daulatabad more or less acceptable to its inhabitants. The theoretical basis is a narrative view and specifically the micro concept of Boje’s narrative. Through interviews, observation and of course data of the lived experience, two important elements in the life of neighborhood residents were highlighted and the two meanings that showed the acceptability of the neighborhood for its residents are: Local mosque and bazaar, symbols of religion and the world. But what has made these two bodies important in creating a sense of belonging to the neighborhood is how they are interwoven in daily life and of course, the placement of dimensions of these symbols in the collective memory. The present article, in fact, describes and analyzes these facts.

The present article is "Explaining the relationship between social welfare and urban livability". The term livability refers to the degree to which a society meets its needs based on the needs and capacities of its people. The research method used was the survey method and the data collection tool was a questionnaire with an interview. The statistical population of the study is all citizens aged 18 and over living in Ilam city and based on Cochran's formula, 383 people were selected as the sample size and using a multi-stage cluster method appropriate to the volume. The validity of the questionnaire was achieved through content validity with a total mean (0.833) and the reliability of the tool through Cronbach's alpha (0.828) for the urban viability variable and (0.75) for the social welfare variable. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used in data analysis. The results and findings of the study indicate that the average satisfaction with economic viability (49.10), the average satisfaction with social viability (55.00) and the average satisfaction with environmental viability (32.66). All research hypotheses except the hypothesis of the relationship between social participation and satisfaction with environmental viability have been confirmed.

Exclusive residential complexes are complexes that are separated from other areas through physical factors such as walls. The exclusive neighborhoods are divided into three sections including lifestyle, social status and the safe neighborhoods. According to a variety of environmental, economical and social problems of the horizontal and sporadic development of cities and also the need to provide housing, especially in big cities, planning and designing the residential complexes in order to answer the needs of citizens seems absolutely necessary. Reviewing and explaining the concept of vitality in exclusive residential complexes and identifying its main factors are the main goals of this research. This is an applied- developmental research and the method is a descriptive- analytical one. The main dimensions of vitality are physical, social, economical and environmental factors. The results showed that based on the specified criteria and in accordance with the combined index, the vitality in exclusive complex, with an average of 3.25 is relatively favorable. The research results also refer to the impact of exclusive residential complexes in increasing the social stability and improving the social sustainability.

Considering that livability usually includes elements of the neighborhood and metropolitan area that contribute to security, economic opportunities, welfare, health, fitness, mobility and recreation in the present study with the aim of improving livability in the crypt of Nahavand city of Nahavand The social aspect has been done by focusing on increasing security with the help of a crime prevention approach through environmental design. In this regard, the research data has been collected in a survey and through a questionnaire in order to extract the most important security issues and problems in the neighborhood. Here are three suggested alternatives to solve problems and improve neighborhood security. Then, the criteria and sub-criteria of the crime prevention approach by environmental design are extracted from documentary sources and the proposed alternatives are evaluated by the network analysis process using super design software based on crime prevention criteria by environmental design. . Finally, the first alternative, which emphasizes the expansion of night space and night security, has been selected. Finally, the space organization and the proposed three-dimensional design with the help of lumion and sketchup software have been presented.

The outbreak of the covid-19 virus has faced cities with many challenges. The most important of which is endangering the sustainability and livability of urban neighborhoods. Actions recommended by the World Health Organization to prevent the outbreak of the virus, including physical distancing and home quarantine, have led to Create new mechanisms that have severely affected the livability of neighborhoods. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the outbreak of covid-19 on the livability indicators and factors of urban neighborhoods based on residents’ views. The methodology of this research is quantitative. This research is conducted using questionnaires of residents in the neighborhoods of District 8 of Tehran and ten basic factors were identified by using exploratory factor analysis, including health and pleasure, recreation and entertainment, housing, transportation, environmental health, security, economy and employment, cultural status, education and identity. Based on residents' views, The outbreak of the covid-19 had the greatest impact on health and pleasure with an explanatory percentage of 8.34. Among the neighborhoods of District 8, Madaen has better met the living needs of the residents based on their views during the outbreak of covid-19. This ranking has been done separately in the neighborhoods of District 8, which represents the priority of intervention of the indicators to improve the livability of the neighborhoods based on residents' views. Finally, based on the priority of each factor and residents' views, suggestions have been made to improve the livability of the neighborhoods during the outbreak of covid-19.

The present article is "Study of the relationship between urban historical landscape approach and urban livability"." Viability is equivalent to the achievement of good urban planning quality or stable location. The term viability refers to degree of meeting society requirements based on people’s needs and capacity in that society. Environmental pollution with external sources, ethnicity, reducing social capital, reducing sense of belonging to location, being surrounded by mountains, speculation, lack of viable land in Ilam city have faced it with challenges. This study aims at recognizing effective factors on Ilam viability. Research method in this study is survey. Sampling and data gathering is done through questioner and interviewing. Statistical population is all eighteen-year-old an over Ilam citizens and according to Cochran formula 383 people have been selected as sample size. In theoretical elements of the research, approaches of urban geography, urban economy, urban planning, and urban sociology have been used. The research findings showed that average economical viability satisfaction is (49.1), average social viability satisfaction is (55), and average environmental viability satisfaction is (32.66). All research hypotheses except the hypothesis of the relationship between integrity and environmental viability have been confirmed.

In this study, due to the low level of social interactions in urban public spaces and the decline of urban welfare as the main research issue, we sought to identify a solution to improve urban welfare by identifying the effective factors on urban democracy and promoting social action. In summary, in this study, in addition to clarifying the concept of urban welfare in public spaces, it has been attempted to introduce qualitative environmental factors affecting urban welfare with indicators of viability and vitality, as well as conceptual contexts of existing approaches. In the first part, by examining the views of experts and experts through interviews, the common concepts were more widely recognized by presenting the best indicators of measuring the utility of public spaces in the study area. In the second part, we analyze the extent of social interactions with the technique of counting and photographing, and we survey citizens to measure some of the components of urban democracy, viability and vitality, and to test hypotheses. Based on the findings of this study, the quality of public spaces studied is very low in terms of livability and vitality indices, and the low quality of these components reduces the components of urban democracy and social action as key indicators of urban well-being.

Today, metropolitan cities face many problems in the economic, social, environmental and physical fields such as reducing the livability and diminishing the importance of urban ecology in the urban housing structure. Therefore, the necessity and importance of paying attention to sustainable development theory and its resulting approaches, like the livability approach, will create a city away from the economic, social, environmental and physical problems. The purpose of this paper is to measure the variables affecting citizens' satisfaction from the status of the factors of the habitat of the metropolitan city of Shiraz, following a more scientific explanation and a more expert look on the factors of livability. Accordingly, in view of the study of theoretical literature on survival, a conceptual framework consisting of octagonal factors has been developed to study the formulation of research and analysis. This is an applied and descriptive-analytical method. The characteristics of gender, age, level of education and economic satisfaction as individual and independent characteristics have been identified in this regard, in order to determine their impact on the satisfaction of the condition of livability and its octagonal factors as dependent variables. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran formula and considering the maximum heterogeneity hypothesis for the 11 regions of the city of Shiraz, 384 people. In order to analyze the data, statistical methods such as frequency distribution, single sample T, Spearman, Fay and Kramer correlation coefficients were used. SPSS software was used for this purpose. Fuzzy multi-criteria methods were used to understand the livability position of the regions. The results showed that the satisfaction rate of citizens from the situation of livability is not favorable, and areas in zones one and two with a high and average satisfaction are the best places for survival. The reason for this is the livability of services and amenities in the areas of interest.

The concept of livability has emerged alongside sustainability as a slogan in public discourse and planning. Planners and policymakers in relation to the creation or preservation of cities mention the concept of livability as a guiding principle for investment and decision-making and shaping the social, economic, physical and biological environment of the city, and livability is considered the standard of living and the general desirability of people living in a settlement like the city. This concept has various dimensions and indicators and is measured by them.The present study was conducted with the aim of providing an analysis of the factors affecting livability in district 8 of ​​Tabriz metropolitan, which by studying the principles and available resources to develop a livability model for the study area. Then, using the opinions of the residents of the area, the model is tested and finally the final model is presented using the second-order confirmatory factor analysis. The results show that 8 main components with 41 variables form the components of the model."Infrastructure quality" with a factor load of 0.88 is the most important dimension and "health facilities" with a load of 0.23 is the least important dimension in establishing livability. Therefore, based on the obtained results, it can be acknowledged that in order to achieve the desired livability and maintain it, the obtained effective components must be comprehensively addressed.

Urban landscape can have potential in creating dynamic and livable communities when it interacts optimally with its ecological context. Underground or subsurface spaces of desert cities can be considered as a kind of spaces based on ecological wisdom that reflects socio-ecological perception and creates a cultural commitment of individuals to the correct interaction of natural environment and artificial environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the role of underground spaces in promoting the livability of desert cities and to emphasize planning based on ecological wisdom to create urban spaces compatible with the ecological context. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical, based on the qualitative method and logical reasoning. To evaluate the effect of underground space functions on the livability criteria of desert cities, T-test and SPSS statistical analysis were used, and to strategically analyze underground spaces, SWOT technique and AHP hierarchical analysis were used and finally, adaptive, defensive, offensive, and contingency strategies were presented. The results indicate that the regeneration of the principles of ecological wisdom in the process of strategic planning of the subsurface spaces development requires a kind of participatory and communication planning between members of society on the one hand and also society and nature on the other hand. Such regeneration can pave the way for the sustainability, resilience, and livability of urban ecosystems.

Particular attention is paid to the topic of resilience to reduce risks and losses caused by natural disasters. In order to increase the viability of cities and authorities responsible for urban issues has been seriously. Accordingly, in this study, measuring resiliency and livability in the city of Mashhad metropolitan areas to assess the relationship between resilience and viability has been for this purpose, effective measures to identify and define operational resilience and viability of the city were. Then set the sample localities and using the required data were collected through a survey and questionnaire. Then, using the Shannon entropy and multi-criteria decision VIKOR the study areas were prioritized. Finally, using Pearson's correlation coefficient correlation between urban resilience and viability were examined. The results showed that in terms of viability, weighing 0.285 and Housing Index, transport index with the highest and lowest 0.212 weight and importance of the social dimension of resilience index and weighing 0.226 back in the economic affordability index with the lowest and highest weight have the weight of 0.011. The results also showed that the technique Vikor Sharif neighborhood vikor index of 0.000 in terms of resiliency and livability of the first rank, and therefore Spear neighborhood with vikor 1 of resiliency index and the index vikor 0.867 in terms of viability at a disadvantage in terms of the resilience and viability. The results of correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between resiliency and livability of a city there.

The livability is a new concept in rural planning to be taken into consideration after attention to the quality of rural life. Livability theory first formed based on the work of Abraham Maslow’s theory on human needs. The theory in the quality of life issues generally have been developed by Veenhoven believes the “Common Sense«results better life for people when they live in a better and more livable community. In peri-urban villages due to its special status، quality of life and environmental conditions have been challenging more than other villages. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the livability of peri-urban villages. Assessing the livability of these rural areas due to the unique characteristics such as proximity to the city، immigration، quick land changes، and the outbreak of infection is so important. The research methodology، from the data collection viewpoint is survey and attributive، and the approach is descriptive - analytic. The results show that the unique features of the villages forming the specific patterns of livability and makes the whole livability of the village in a no acceptable condition. It is in contrast to the common view of the opposite effect of distance on quality of life in rural areas and is in line with the views of urban planners about quality of life in urban fringe areas.