جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "divorced women" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

This qualitative research aims to explore the underlying factors contributing to feelings of inferiority among divorced women in Tehran. The study sample consists of 34 divorced women, aged 21 to 58. Initially, an inferiority questionnaire was distributed among divorced women, and those who scored higher than 42 were selected for interviews. The analysis revealed five main themes, 23 sub-themes, and one core theme. The obtained subthemes include parents' education, family culture level, economic pressures, addiction to drugs or alcohol, lack of authoritative parents, parental illness, extreme family control and extreme family compensation, defective behaviors of family members, defective behaviors of others, resentment, anger, regret, self-accusation, withdrawal, insignificance, excuse-making, aggression, failure to satisfy psychological needs by parents, lack of problem-solving skills, change of child custody and fear of others' judgments. The main themes of life are seeking power and superiority, weak interpersonal relationships, protective tendencies, and feelings of inadequacy and insecurity. According to the research question, the core theme of this research is the feeling of inferiority. According to the propositions obtained, the current research includes three aspects. First group is divorced women less than 30 years old; The second group is divorced women over 30 years old and the third group is divorced women over 50 years old. In each of these groups, some underlying factors are more prominent than others. In the first group, the extreme control and compensation of the family, the defective behavior of the family and others, and communication with the opposite sex through virtual space. In the second group, changing the custody of the child, communicating with the opposite sex and forming a temporary marriage, lack of problem solving and using substances and alcoholic beverages, and in the third group hatred, anger, aggression and regret are obtained.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and hope with post-divorce adjustment among divorced women. The statistical population of the study was 192 divorced women under the auspices of the imam Khomeini Relief foundation of these, a sample of 150 women was selected using simple random sampling method. The type of research was descriptive and its method was correlated. To analyze the results, parametric inferential statistics such as regression, Pearson correlation and multiple methods were used. In order to collect data, standardized perceived social support questionnaires (Zimm et al., 1988), Omid Schneider et al. (1991) and Divorce Adjustment Scale (Fischer 1976) were used. Findings showed that there was relationship between perceived social support and hope with post-divorce adjustment among divorced women. There was a relationship between perceived social support with post-divorce adjustment among divorced women. There was a relationship between hope with post-divorce compatibility among divorced women.

This paper aims to study some of the consequences of divorce for divorced women with an emphasis on socio-demographic variables; monthly income, age, education level, and size of the household. Using the survey method, the data were collected in the form of a questionnaire and the form of a targeted and available sample of 440 divorced women in Ahvaz City. According to the findings, among the most important social problems of divorced women can be mentioned the humiliating and oppressive society's view of women, the feeling of being under constant surveillance, and frequent harassment that weakens women's self-confidence. The insufficient income of divorced women to meet the needs of themselves and their children has caused this group of women to face severe economic deprivation. Being affected by children's feelings and emotions as well as feeling depressed in divorced women is one of the most important psychological consequences of divorce. In issues related to health and physiology, the increase in the consumption of sedatives in divorced women has led to changes in their body structure and the deterioration of their health. One of the important findings of this research is the priority of social issues over other issues (economic, psychological, and physiological). Divorced women who have lower income, education, and age, compared to divorced women who have better education and economic status and older age, suffer from more social, economic, psychological, and physiological issues and problems. The results of this article can be effective in many dimensions in understanding and dealing with the issue of divorce and can be a way for policymakers and planners to pay more attention to the issues of divorced women.

During recent decades, the number of solo-living divorced women in Sanandaj has been growing. It is very important to describe women's experiences, interpretation, and understanding of loneliness and the phenomenal world, and to answer how the "world of loneliness" is present in the lived experience of a lonely divorced woman. The methodology of the current research is qualitative and for this purpose, 23 divorced solo-living women in Sanandaj city were interviewed with the interpretive phenomenological approach. Van Manen's six-step method was used to analyze the data. The findings obtained from the lived experience of solo-living women show the understanding of living alone as an extension of the scope of more options and freedoms, the absence of a double burden on the shoulders of parents, and the protection of children. For this reason, a different feeling towards living alone after divorce has been formed among participating women. For some women, the feeling of living alone is considered as an unpleasant experience, and for another group, as a liberating metaphor. The understanding and interpretation of solitary women from the phenomenal world implies self-support and developing resilience against problems, transformation in female behaviors and self-image, reinterpretation of life in the world and self-control, and restraint of sexual need. Living alone has left different effects and consequences on women's lives, which are categorized under four general themes: "individual growth", "personal independence", "social rejection" and "vacuum of support of children". Based on the semantic constructions of the present study, it shows that women living alone are experiencing a difficult life in the world with their own problems, which requires the support of society in an all-round way

Today, with the occurrence of divorce, an important issue that women face after separation is the custody of their children. In fact, according to the existing laws (Article 1170 of the Civil Code), if a woman who is divorced and has children from her first husband remarries, she will be deprived of custody of her children; Therefore, understanding the experience of women in two positions of motherhood and wife, what decisions they make and what challenges they face, are the goals of this study. Therefore, with the help of the qualitative method of thematic analysis, an interview was conducted with 20 divorced women of Tehran who took custody of the child, who were selected purposefully. The findings about the experiences of the divorced mothers participating in the research can be analyzed in the form of three types of child custody encounters, which in turn are associated with experiences and consequences: the first type, child custody with an emphasis on the role of the mother with consequences such as Expressing regret for accepting custody, reconsidering child custody and diminishing the role of femininity; The second type: acceptance of custody along with the social role with consequences such as fear of being divorced, exhausting arguments in a male environment and the challenge of emotional and biological needs; The third sign: accepting custody and maintaining the role of wife with the result of feeling satisfied with the role of mother and wife.

One of the serious challenges of divorced women is the issue of remarriage; Most of them have worries and fears for the second marriage because of their unpleasant experience in the first marriage. In the meantime, some of them enter into a second marriage for many personal and family reasons. This research was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the challenges of divorced women in their second marriage, taking into account the individual's failures in the first experience of living together. In this qualitative study, the phenomenological method was used and the data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. In this study, interviews were conducted with 21 divorced women of Hamadan city who had a second marriage through purposeful and qualitative sampling. The findings of the study show that some divorced women get married for the second time after the problems of the court and divorce have passed and some time has passed since the divorce took place; However, this action of theirs is associated with complex challenges and problems. In the analysis of interviews of this group of women, in the field of challenges related to second marriage, four main categories were identified including: challenges related to interactions between spouses, challenges of couples with children, challenges related to couples' families, and challenges of spouses' children with each other. From the perspective of the participants in the study, these challenges mainly originate from the person's failure in the first marriage and the person's negative experience.

One of the most important quantitative and qualitative changes in the contemporary family is the phenomenon of women's custody, which has a growing trend. In the framework of gender studies and with reference to the to the feminist theory approach, the article examines the causes and consequences of custody as a social issue. Methodologically, the study was conducted with the Grounded theory approach and using the research interview technique. The samples are divorced women in Marivan city. Using purposive sampling and theoretical sampling, 20 people were interviewed. The finding is based on a paradigm model and is analyzed by extracting 13 central categories in the data coding process. "Socio-legal determinism" and "maternal emotions" are categories that imply causal conditions. "Class status" and "spouse child" as contextual conditions; and "Marital disputes", "men's inability to pay for family expenses" and "domestic violence" play a role as interfering conditions. The consequences of custody are reflected in the categories of "increasing poverty", "role pressure", "dependence" and "feeling of abandonment". Finally, the women react to the situation with dual strategies of "despair" and "tolerance". "Despair" represents subjective confrontation and "tolerance" means the objective acceptance of the custody.

In recent years the number of divorces and the reference of divorced women to welfare organizations has increased. This research was done to investigate divorced women's interpretation of their post-divorced life. 

Methods and Data: 

Required data was gathered through in-depth interviews with 14 divorced women. Data analysis was done based on an abductive research strategy using interpretative phenomenology. 

The research findings show that the situation of divorced women is affected by two main interpretations: their own interpretation and the interpretation of society and those around them. Based on these interpretation resources, three main themes were detected: Freedom feeling, double dominatedness and repeated apprehension after divorce. Women are under the control of patriarchal values during their life after divorce, just like during their married life, and even their freedom feeling carries it. Therefore, the others' controls impact the various layers of their life, and they are frequently apprehended. 

The thematic network shows cultural structures, especially patriarchal values have more effects on the interpretations. So, in order to manage situations and challenges, it is necessary to direct research orientations towards a deeper understanding of them.

 Key Message:

 The most important point about these women is the lack of two skills that have led to negative experiences in them: communication and problem-solving skills and independent earning skills. Therefore, it is necessary to plan some programs to empower women for those skills.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on increasing self-efficacy and life expectancy of divorced women and its effect on reducing the initial maladaptive patterns of their daughters. The scheme of this experimental study was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population was considered all divorced women and their daughters in Urmia in 2017. The sample consisted of 30 divorced women and their daughters who were referred to the family health clinic under the supervision of the Welfare of West Azerbaijan Province. These women were purposefully selected and divided into two experimental groups (15 people), and a control group (15 people) were randomly assigned. In the experimental group, the intervention was performed in groups of 8 sessions of 90 minutes based on schema therapy, but no intervention was applied to the control group. The instruments were Schier's self-efficacy questionnaire (1982), Schneider's life expectancy questionnaire (1991), and the short form of Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (1998). Research data were analyzed by covariance. Findings showed that schema therapy has effectively increased self-efficacy, the life expectancy of divorced women, and modulating maladaptive schemas of their daughters (P<0.000). Schema therapy as a technique can effectively improve the self-efficacy and life expectancy of these divorced women and modify the maladaptive schemas of their daughters.

Divorce is a social phenomenon that is intertwined with various elements of society, both micro and macro, and is interrelated with various areas of individual, family, institutional and structural. Accordingly, individuals experience different types of events in the divorce process, and due to the legal and judicial nature of divorce, one of the most important types is "legal experience", which refers to a type of experience of individuals during conflict and communication. It has a legal basis. This study is based on a semi-structured interview with divorced women (15 samples from Qom) and with a content analysis technique, richly describes these experiences to answer the question "How well do women view the legal process of divorce in Iran?" "And based on role-playing, which actors do they experience?" According to the findings, women's legal experiences in the divorce process take place at three levels: individual, institutional and legal. Among these, the individual level, especially the group of judges, is the most important category. As for the Iranian legal system regarding the issue of divorce, it must be acknowledged that individuals, especially judges and lawyers, play a role beyond anything else, including women's agency, related institutions and laws. Also, the dominant semantic unit in women's narrative of their experiences is related to the relationship that these experiences have with their "being a woman" and therefore the predominance of gender in various ways in dealing with individuals (especially judges), institutions (especially the judiciary) And laws have emerged.

 the study of the decision and lived experience of women in Tehran in the form of hearing the story of their separation is the subject of this study. Eventually, a coherent account of these experiences was reached in the form of a chronological order. In this study, the statistical population includes 20 divorced women in Tehran in 1399 and purposive sampling method was used and data collection and analysis were performed simultaneously. According to the analysis and also the main and sub-categories extracted, the story of divorced women can be narrated in the form of 7 situations. The divorced women studied were not acquainted with their husbands in a suitable position and "context of couples' acquaintance" and the grounds for their "decision to marry" were not provided in the form of motivations and criteria for marriage. In the meantime, with the "issuance of the marriage contract" among the subjects, whispers of differences gradually began, and also with the holding of a wedding and the formation of life, the couple enters a new phase of "living behind closed doors." In the continuation of life, "spouse infidelity", "spouse addiction" and "domestic violence" are the main backgrounds of "sparks of divorce" in their minds. "Court trauma" is a campaign to end their family life formally and legally. When a woman decides to divorce; An agreed-upon divorce is based on an "agreement as a dowry" so that he can separate from his wife.

Indigent female-headed households are known as social harms. This group of vulnerable women faces a range of social, cultural, and economic problems that create a cycle of reproduction of poverty and misery for them. Research shows that female-headed households with children are five times more at risk of poverty than normal households. This study focuses on the situation of a group of female-headed households in the city of Karaj who are known heads of households for various reasons (death of husband, imprisonment, divorce, etc.) in order to examine various violations (economic and livelihood, social and cultural problems) and analyze the role of these three areas in reproducing the vicious cycle.

This article explores the lived experiences of female heads of households. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted with 22 female heads of households in Karaj using a qualitative methodology, and the data collected were analyzed using a thematic analysis. The research area was the urban area of Karaj. The participants of the study were selected through purposive sampling and the snowball technique.

The results show that female heads of households face several problems, each of which contributes in some way to the reproduction of the unfavorable living conditions and their stability. The most important of these problems are: economic deprivation (securing livelihood and daily needs for themselves and their children), social problems (sense of social security in social relationships and interpersonal interactions), cultural thinking and perceptions (compassionate, dismissive, and humiliating gaze), skills-related problems (job skills and communication skills), health problems (illness and physical, mental, and psychological problems), etc.

The main problem of these women is “poverty of skills”. This means that most of these women do not have the necessary skills and abilities such as literacy, higher education, and physical health to get out of the abyss of poverty, which severely limits their life opportunities. The poverty of skills along with the challenges of the three areas has led to a situation referred to as misery in this article. In such families, women have to take care of earning and managing the economy, taking care of the children, etc., in addition to the head of the family. In such a situation, on the one hand, she has less time and energy for her life, and on the other hand, she has to do part-time work in the household. These conditions prevent women from continuing their education and acquiring skills and result in lower wages. Women do not have enough time to run the household and raise their children, and they have problems financing the family, which is called time poverty in the theory of the feminization of poverty, as the results of leading research underline. Slowly, this leads to financial poverty among female heads of households and their employment in low-wage and low-income occupations. Since most divorced women also have responsibilities for their child or children and are often unable to meet their demands, their frustration about the future as well as many failures in life have made female heads of households extremely vulnerable. It can be said that moral vulnerability and isolation are the most disturbing characteristics of female heads of households. The lack of many opportunities (the opportunity to create a good family, have a father, a good education, etc.) for this type of family somehow leads to the continuation and reproduction of the cycle of misery (economic damage, damage to interactions and damaged children).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-efficacy training on promoting mental health and reducing ruminating in divorced women with drug-dependent husbands supported by Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Welfare Organization.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all divorced women aged 20-45 years with drug-dependent husbands supported by Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Welfare Organization in 2019. Of them, 40 women were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned into the two experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The participants of both groups completed the ruminative response scale and the general health questionnaire in pretest and posttest. The experimental group received self-efficacy training (8 weekly sessions), while the control group did not receive any intervention and only completed the questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance.

The results showed that after controlling the effects of pretest, the effect of self-efficacy training in the experimental group on mental health and rumination was significant and this training program improved mental health and reduced rumination significantly in divorced women with drug-dependent husbands.

According to these results, self efficacy training can help reduce the harmful effects of addiction on mental health in divorced women with drug-dependent husbands.

Divorce is a phenomenon that affects divorced women’s peace of mind and can cause severe psychological damages. The aim of the present research is to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on stigma, symptoms of social phobia and fear of intimacy in divorced women in the city of Shahrekord. This study is of the experimental type with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up design and a control group. Its population consists of divorced women who went to counseling centers in Shahrekord during the three months of winter in the year 1398 and had a record there. From among these individuals, 30 were selected through purposive sampling method and were randomly placed into experimental and control groups (15 individuals each). In this research, the Stigma Questionnaire (Mirzaei et al., 1398), Social Phobia Inventory (Connor et al., 2000), and Fear of Intimacy Scale (Descutner & Thelen, 1991) were implemented in the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis. The findings indicated that cognitivebehavioral group therapy is effective on reducing stigma (f = 27.45 p <0.001), reducing symptoms of social phobia (f = 4.25 p <0.001), and reducing fear of intimacy (f = 14.422 p <0.001) in divorced women. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral intervention is one of the effective methods in improving divorced women’s psychological characteristics.

One of the most important areas for the growth & development of crime & victimization is the separation of family & divorce. When the foundation of the family is shaken, the moral & social foundations of the whole social system are shaken and the society is led to various problems. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of divorce on women's victimization in Tabriz. Applied research is of descriptive-survey type. The statistical population of the study consists of all divorced women in Tabriz. The sample size was used by Cochran's formula for unlimited communities. Due to the discretion of the professor, the number of divorced women for sample size was approximately 170 randomly selected by the researcher, information was collected. To obtain the research results, SPSS software and one-sample parametric T-test were used to analyze the data according to the normal distribution of data and the univariate of the test. Results of the T test indicate that all tests were significant and the test results showed that the individual, economic & social effects of divorce on women's victimization in Tabriz have an effect due to the positive T & the significance level of less than 0.05. It is positive. Results of this study show that the occurrence of divorce & its individual, social & economic criminological consequences has a very direct effect on women’s victimization,with the increase of divorce, the rate of crime increases & with the decrease of divorce, this rate decreases.

One of the important and negative effects of divorce is its psychological effects on divorced women and mothers. It is necessary to pay attention to the mental health of these people. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction, anxiety, cognitive flexibility and resilience in divorced women and mothers.

The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all divorced mothers who live in Mashhad, 27 of whom were selected by available sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The protocol MBSR were applied in 8 sessions which lasts 120-minute and performed for the experimental group only and the control group did not receive any treatment. The data which collected through the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory, the cognitive flexibility inventory, and the Connor and Davidson resilience Questionnaire, were assessed by Spss25 and using univariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction leading to reduced manifest anxiety and on the other hand, it improved cognitive flexibility and resiliency. But it was not effective in reducing latent anxiety people.

Therefore, according to the results of the study, it can be stated that attention to psychological problems of divorced women is necessary and mindfulness-based stress reduction can be used as an effective intervention in improving the problems of divorced women and mothers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of positive psychotherapy on increasing happiness and psychological well-being of divorced women in Sarabela. The study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The participants of the study were 24 divorced women who were randomly selected from 48 divorced women in Sarabela city whose case was in social welfare unit of Chardawal city. The experimental group received positive psychotherapy interventions for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group received no training. Reef Psychological Well-being Questionnaire and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (1989) were used to measure the variables. Data were analyzed using univariate covariance test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups, ie, positive psychotherapy led to increased happiness and psychological well-being of divorced women. The findings of the study highlight the necessity of using positive-psychotherapy to increase the happiness and psychological well-being of divorced women.

The present research seeks to describe the experience of insecurity in everyday life from the point of view of divorced women in order to achieve their semantic interpretations and implications. The data of this qualitative study were collected through semi-structured interviews and the basic theory method for data analysis was used. An objective and objective sampling method was used for interviewing 20 divorced women in ilam. The results of this study indicate that social welfare, social insecurity, lack of social support, as a result of the circumstances have led to insecurity. Sexual predilection and double control have served as intervening conditions. Divorced women are confronted with desperate strategies, women's aggression and suicidal attempts, hidden resistance women, and suicide attempts. The feeling of insecurity of divorced women in everyday life has led to psychological disturbances, frustration of public space, and double discrimination.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of group emotional schema therapy on reducing loneliness and rumination of divorced women. This quasi-experimental study was pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the present study was all divorced women in Mashhad who were called through a consulting clinic and a health center in Mashhad to participate in the research. Sampling method was purposive sampling and voluntarily. Among those who referred, 24 people were selected based on the criteria for entering the research and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control. In order to measure the variables of the research, the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adalts Scale and the Rominative Response Scale were used. Before the treatment and at the end of the treatment, the two groups responded to the questionnaires. participants in experimental group were exposed to the group emotional schema therapy during 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any treatment. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that group emotional schema therapy significantly decreased loneliness and rumination in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results of this research showed that emotional schema therapy can be an effective way to reduce the loneliness and rumination of divorced women.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion-based therapy on hope and interpersonal trust in divorced women in Shahrekord. The statistical population of the study consisted of all divorced women referring to welfare centers in Shahrekord in 1396. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and follow-up with control group. For this purpose, 28 divorced women referred to welfare centers were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received emotion-based therapy in 8 sessions of one and a half hours for two months, while the control group did not receive this intervention. Then the post-test and after one month follow up were performed on both groups. The instruments used were Miller Future Hope Questionnaire (1988) and Ram Paul & Holmes Interpersonal Trust Questionnaire (1986). Data analysis was performed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and covariance analysis. The results showed that emotion-based therapy training was effective on hope, futures and interpersonal trust in divorced women and the effect of this method remained stable after one month (p <0.05). Emotional therapy training leads to improved interpersonal confidence and hope for divorced women in Shahrekord post-test and follow-up.