جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « game theory » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Financial imbalances and imbalances between resources and expenditures in Iranian pension funds have made the need for fund reforms inevitable. Today, the share of government aid in public government expenditures to the two Civil Servants and Military pension funds has increased from about 11 percent in 2013 to about 19 percent in 2021, and this trend has been increasing in recent years. However, despite the perception of the crisis by various actors in the pension system, these reforms have not been implemented. In this regard, the present study seeks pathology and finds a solution to solve the crisis of the Iranian pension system during the years 2013-2021. Due to the existence of different actors and stakeholders, one of the non-quantitative methods of game theory models, called the graph model, was used to resolve conflicts. This model is a good tool for modeling and analyzing complex problems, expresses the most likely consequences of various problems in the world, and finally provides guidelines for its improvement. The modeling results of the retirement crisis show that the fourth mode of the model, ie the state of reform, is more likely to occur. Therefore, the current situation is not a stable situation for all players, and they are motivated to leave it. According to the results, limiting government support, changing the pension system, and carrying out structural and parametric reforms will improve the current situation.

The war environment is a conflict situation and operations research is one of the used techniques to make decisions in different battle conditions. In this article, game theory is used to model the conflict situation, which is one of the widely used methods in the military field. In this article, after modeling the problem as a matrix game, a hierarchical analysis method is proposed to determine the payoffs and prioritize the outputs of the game. On the other hand, due to the fact that in the real world information is presented in an imprecise and ambiguous way, Neutrosaphic collections have been used to express this information. A method of solving the hierarchical analysis problem with Neutrosaphic data is proposed and then solving the game problem with the outputs of the hierarchical analysis method is discussed. To solve the matrix game problem with neutrosaphic payoffs, the concept of nearest interval approximation of the generalized triangular neutrosaphic fuzzy number is used and the game model is written as a problem with interval payoffs. In the following, a method is proposed to solve this game problem. Finally, the solution of a practical example in military problems has been investigated with the proposed method. To solve this problem, two optimistic and pessimistic problems have been proposed for each player, and by solving these problems, the optimal solutions of the players are obtained in two optimistic and pessimistic states. Efficiency and simplicity in the problem solving method as well as the ability to develop the proposed method to game problems with interval-type payoffs are among the results of this research.

Optimal assignment of equipment for disposal of targets, often referred to as a weapon assignment problem, has become one of the main centers of modern military thought. Weapon Target Assignment (WTA) is based on consideration of the principle of saving on resources, without reducing the power of systems and systems always to protect vital infrastructure. The critical infrastructure consists of the physical assets of a system, resulting in a significant disruption to operational and operational systems. In this study, a Stackelberg a mathematical model is presented to manage battle scenes. The Stackelberg model is considered to be a strategic game and an incomplete competition. The game is considered to consist of two actors (Enemy and Power), each striving to optimize its goals. Considering air and ground forces simultaneously, consider the assets of both the friendly and the enemy, including the innovations considered in this study. In this study, a two- level Stackelberg model has been presented and after linearization, the two- level model has been developed using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions (KKT) to the ordinary one –level model. Finally to show the performance of the model, some examples are solved using GAMS software.

Choosing any device of the axiomatic system can limit the level of our access to the real things and consequently our knowledge of the world around us to the principles of that device. This article tries to examine this issue from the perspective of the philosophy of science and shows how this issue has been addressed in the book “Theory of Games and Economic Behavior” by John von Neumann and Oscar Morgenstern. For this reason, several main axes such as "rationality", "determinism the system of a game", "equilibrium" and "the principle of ceteris paribus" are considered as principles in economics and how these axioms are placed within the system of Mathematical axiomatic system of game theory. Our general view is that one of the reasons that game theory cannot describe and analyze economic behavior, in general, is that it considers the world as a single-order system, and therefore the causal chain in this system is very long, while Self-organizing systems seek to create multidisciplinary organizations and are therefore willing to add to the complexity of the system for this purpose. Mathematics has a tool called isomorphism to compare order between two structures, but there is no such tool in economics, and so we often do not know that we are operating within two systems with different orders.

Iranians’ controversial ethos have attracted Iranians’ attention for nearly two centuries and led to writing many books in this field. The book “We Iranians” by Dr. Maghsoud Ferastkhah is one of the latest books of this kind that has been publicly welcomed. After demonstrating the Iranians’ controversial ethos and from the perspective of sociological theories the author has tried to present a multilevel systemic theoretical model with scientific look and in order to explain this ethos. In this paper, it is shown that first, the writer’s attempt to formulate such a model has not been successful, and the theoretical eclecticism gives a way to the theoretical integration, and ultimately leads to structured-oriented theories; secondly, the plurality of used theories causes some kind of theoretical disorders; thirdly, the used theories may have been misunderstood, or analyzed, and explained wrongly or paradoxically.

Metropolitan areas are considered as powerful economic, political, and social centers around the globe that have a plurality of actors, and this has led to disparities which result in many problems in management of these regions. Tehran metropolitan area as the largest metropolitan area of Iran suffers from the same problems. Therefore, the present study uses a descriptive-analytical method for modelling and analyzing the relationship between actors in Tehran metropolitan area at a strategic level using game theory. The results show that the desirability, sustainability and balance that is being discussed in ​​Tehran metropolitan area requires involvement and establishment of senior government institutions and decision makers in the form of structural reforms and revising the laws and regulations of the divisions as the first step in recognizing the concept of metropolitan area.

The hard conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRAN) and the United States of America (US) has been discussed for decades by bothdomestic and external analysts. In this paper, the conflict between the US and IRAN has been modeled and analyzed, using game theory approach in non-cooperative mode. The analysis of this conflict has been conducted based on the graph model for conflict resolution and using GMCR+ decision support system. This analysis considers two decision makers (DMs) containing the US and IRAN.Sixteenfeasible states have been analyzed among 1024 possible combinationsand accordingly, six states are predicted as the equilibria. Based on different solution concepts for stability definition and the preferences vector of DMs on different scenarios, the model’sequilibrium is determined.In other words, the most likely outcome of the conflict is predicted.The equilibrium resulted from the analysis of the model,expresses that, the possibilityof a severe conflict between the US and IRAN is very unlikely.The other equilibria can determine the behavior of each of the battle players depending on the different circumstances of the conflict. The analyses results show that using this method enables us to analyze the behavior of the battle players in a rational process of decision making to reach the self-desired state or outcome. Findings of this research might help both players to make the right decision and to adopt an appropriate response in confronting the enemy and to change the behavior and decision of the enemy.

The transportation sector, especially road transport, has a large share of energy consumption in Iran, like the rest of the world. Supply security of road transport fuel to the heavy vehicles sector has been fully realized, but it has not been properly managed in the field of gasoline, as Iran has been a gasoline importer for many years, and large cities suffer from pollution caused by light duty vehicles. By analysis the issue of light duty vehicle transport from the theory of game theory can find an accurate analysis of the impediments to reducing fuel consumption in this sector. For this purpose, the main drivers affecting the transport of light duty cars - people, government and automakers - are modeled and their benefits are considered. By examining the relationship between these actors and their actions, it can be seen that the creation of a car leverage can help to manage fuel consumption, and the government's obligation to lend to the automaker to improve the fuel consumption of motor vehicles reduces fuel consumption. On the other hand, the standard setting for the average fuel consumption of the produced vehicles should be staged and stepped.

Sanctions are considered as a foreign policy tool. Theoretical studies on sanctions have investigated different aspects of the issues. These discussed aspects include the effectiveness of the sanctions and how it affects the behavior of the target country. But the effects of the possibility of first, fight-back strategy for the target country, and second, the presence of rival countries have been discussed unlikely. Game theory is used to address these two deficiencies. Six games which differ in the number of stages, how the pay-offs are calculated, and the presence of a rival country are studied. The results show that fight back ability provides the target with the opportunity to change the sender’s calculation. It also reduces the probability of sanctions. However, the presence of a rival country neutralizes this opportunity and makes it easier for the sender country to put sanctions into force. In addition, a minimum extent of the sanctions was deduced for the sender country to enter a sanctions episode.

In this paper, social and political capacity building for issues related to the environment, specifically the phenomenon of dust storm in the southwest of Iran which is studied and water diplomacy as a strategy for restoration of Hoor-Alazim wetland which its basin is in Iran, Iraq and Turkey and now is a source of dust storm was investigated. Water diplomacy includes wide spectrum of negotiations such as: disaster diplomacy, preventive water diplomacy and green diplomacy. Currently, Turkey uses its natural resources for development ignoring its environmental impacts. Thus, current dialog jn region is third world dialog. So, it is suggested using win-win dialog as a path to achieve green dialog and applying this dialog as well as game theory, the balance point of the wetland restoration should be determined. In addition, social and political networks among stockholder states for preparing public opinion and impacting on decision maker and decision supporter should be constructed. If policy makers of Iran and Iraq apply water and merchandise exchange diplomacy as a negotiation tool in dialog with Turkey, it will be a step to restoration of environment of region. In networking structure, we should use wide links, several statute and increasing satisfaction for network negotiations in conflict resolution of dust storm.

Modeling tools describe the real world complex problems well and might help analysts to explore constructive solutions for resolving the problems. In this paper, competition between malware authors and security analysts is modeled and analyzed, using Graph Model for Conflict Resolution which is a comprehensive methodology in a non-quantitative non-cooperative perspective of game theory. This methodology has two main steps: Modeling and Analysis. After removing infeasible combinations, 15 states which are possible to occur in reality, are studied in the modeling phase. Then, the ordinal preferences of the players over the states are represented. Various solution concepts are employed in this research for stability definition. Stability analysis shows that two states are predicted to be equilibria. The predicted outcomes indicate that malware authors employ environment diagnostics and security analysts use system event monitoring along with global system state anomaly detection. Recent evidences are in conformity with the finding of this research.

The paddy cultivation in Iran is primarily practiced by drowned method. In this method during the period of cultivation needs much water. River and rain water supply in farming season is not enough to fulfill the needs of the farming. Thus water shortage necessitates thus farmer has predict and take actions on management of existing resources and storage of waters. One of these methods in the northern provinces of Iran is keeping water in pools (Abbandans). there is nearly 17000 hectares pools in Mazandran. Each pool generally belongs to a particular village, but their property rights are undetermined and complicated. Therefore, different government organizations and interest groups of villagers claim the ownership or management of these resources. Beginning of the decade of 1370s in most villages, in the context of public policy for fishing the sources were rented to persons. Thus the main function of these sources, i.e. cultivation waters despite the importance of its role in paddy cultivation was ignored. In this study we using different branches of rational choice theory, such as game theory, collective action and sociological approach of game theory and attempts to explain the social, economic factors influences to manage this resource and the actions of individuals and social groups in this process. Our study showed that government intervention has diminished the influences of internal social - economic factors, minimized the level of action and weakened the collective action.

This article seeks to indicate game theory application in everyday behavior analysis. In this case, at the first, has been showed a brief description of game theory and kinds of game, especially prisoner’s dilemma game, chiken game, and social dilemma game. Then, it has been tried to implied a type of everyday behavior that can be analyzed with game theory.This case is about research at interaction between driver’s and gas station agents in the gas stations in Tehran, in order to show social causes of petrol waste in theses stations with the help of game theory. The drivers’ behavior in getting petrol has been searched in 3 kinds: bartering behavior, fair behavior and unfair behavior, and it has been proved petrol waste has tow reasons:Involving drivers’ in social dilemma situations; and interaction of drivers’ and petrol station agents in combination of prisoners dilemma game and chicken game. And, petrol waste is a result of drivers’ carelessness involved in the first situations, or drivers’ revenge from petrol station agents and reducing losses of drivers in second situations.