جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « media » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Media is considered as one of the methods of customer attraction. Customers based on the type of Islamic lifestyle are increasingly connected with the media and influence the purchase behavior by sharing experiences. The importance of the media and marketing function has been confirmed in research and its impact on purchasing behavior.

The research method of the current research is applied research in terms of its purpose; In terms of method, it is among descriptive correlational research and it was conducted as a survey; Because the required information is obtained from the current state of the statistical sample using a questionnaire, the method of collecting information in this research is the library and field method according to the subject and the nature of the research. The statistical population of the research was 133 housewives in 4 districts of Tehran city. In this way, it starts based on reviewing the literature and collecting useful information in the field of relationships between variables, and then the relationship between variables will be examined using the data collected from the questionnaire to complete the process. Smartpls, Spss software was used to analyze the findings.

The effect of two variables on the purchasing behavior of consumers and the explanation of the effect between them. A correct and quantitative understanding of these effects will help housewives to find the path of marketing and satisfying the customer's needs with the least errors. The role of Islamic lifestyle on customer buying behavior also includes customer satisfaction, loyalty and trust and purchase decision.

the media has a positive and significant effect on the Islamic lifestyle. The media has a positive and significant effect on the purchasing behavior of consumers, and the media has a positive and significant effect on the Islamic lifestyle through the purchasing behavior of consumers.

The objective of the current study is to investigate the communication processes inherent in mobile-based social networks during crises, with the aim of developing a robust model for crisis news coverage. This research critically examines existing external frameworks for crisis management and seeks to establish a foundation for the development of a localized model that enhances strategies for crisis-related information dissemination. By addressing the central research question—How can an effective crisis management model for news coverage be defined in an era dominated by the proliferation of mobile-based social networks? —this study aims to contribute significantly to the literature on crisis communication and management.

This research employs a purposeful-judgmental sampling method to select a diverse cohort of participants, including journalists, political activists, users of mobile-based social networks, current political officials, state broadcasting managers, and communication sciences and information technology professors in Isfahan. A total of 15 individuals were selected for in-depth qualitative analysis. Furthermore, to refine the research model, an additional sample of 70 staff members from state broadcasting in managerial and supervisory positions was included as a statistical sample. The study utilized the Delphi technique to gather insights from experts in social networks and crisis management. Additionally, content analysis was conducted on the opinions and information provided by participants to identify key factors influencing crisis communication. This multi-faceted methodological approach ensures a comprehensive understanding of the complexities surrounding crisis news coverage in the context of mobile-based social networks.

The research identified several existing challenges in crisis news coverage, revealing 11 distinct factors that can exacerbate social crises. These factors underscore the complexities involved in information dissemination within mobile-based social networks and highlight the significant impact of user engagement on effective crisis management. By clarifying these challenges, the study emphasizes the need for tailored strategies that address the unique dynamics of mobile communication in crisis situations.

The findings of this study highlight the critical importance of timely and accurate information dissemination during crises. By elucidating the communication dynamics within mobile-based social networks, media outlets can significantly enhance their credibility and effectiveness in crisis situations. The proposed model seeks to refine crisis communication strategies, ultimately contributing to more effective management of social crises and mitigating the proliferation of misinformation. This research emphasizes the necessity for media organizations to adapt to the evolving landscape of digital communication, thereby fostering a more informed public and strengthening resilience in the face of crises

This article aims to examine whether, in the process of the mediatization of religion, the media plays a leading and determining role, transforming religion according to its own nature, or vice versa.

This qualitative study is conducted through library research. To this end, it will explore and compare two significant theories in media studies: technological determinism and social-religious determinism, paving the way for conclusions.

This research defends the claim that a deterministic argument regarding the relationship between religion and media is valid, asserting that it is the media that has a determining role. Finally, we will examine existing alternatives to the theory of the mediatization of religion.

A new analysis of Yervard's theory indicates that contrary to popular belief, determinism still functions and plays an important role in the relationship between media and religion.

This article aims to examine the characteristics of the topic of "Islamophobia.

The approach to this issue involves evaluating the performance of major media outlets regarding Islamophobia by referring to studies conducted in this field. Additionally, it seeks to outline ways to counter this discourse through the dialogue and interaction between cultures and civilizations.

The findings indicate that the characteristics of the virtual space, including the formation based on two-way and horizontal interactions and the possibility of dialogue, allow for discussions and expressions of opinions about the reality of Islam, differing from the frameworks of media affiliated with colonial powers. Therefore, it can confront and challenge the Islamophobic discourse propagated by these powers. One example of this is the Gaza conflict, where the virtual space was able to somewhat counter the Islamophobic discourse. Thus, it can be concluded that the solution to combating Islamophobia and moving beyond it lies in "dialogue in virtual space.

From the discussions, it can be concluded that the internet and virtual space provide a medium that, due to its interactive nature and two-way communications, facilitates dialogue much more than other media. Consequently, Muslims, as individuals exposed to negative propaganda and Islamophobia in mainstream media, can utilize two-way dialogues through these media to present a more realistic representation of themselves and depict the true face of Islam to other people around the world.

This research seeks to investigate the environmental attitude and some other characteristics of Tehran citizens in the first part, and the role of family and media in the formation of environmental attitudes in the second part, within the context of sociology.The third wave of the national survey of Iranians’ values and attitudes is one of the most accurate surveys in which the environment is formulated as a social issue, in comparison to the other waves of this survey and the other national surveys. Consequently, secondary analysis was implemented to investigate this wave in order to accomplish the objectives of the research.The future of the environment has caused citizens to experience worry and fear, as they have environmental concerns. The environmental attitude of respondents who embrace family as the political reference is significantly more positive than that of those who do not. In addition, individuals from non-democratic families exhibit a significantly more optimistic perspective on the environment than those from democratic families. The more respondents consume television and satellite channels and trust in the cyberspace, the more negative their environmental attitude will be, which can be ascribed to the content they consume in the field of media.In the process of environmental socialization, the media acts more strongly than the family, and in this process, the citizens are environmentally friendly, but there is a large gap between their attitude and action.

 The digital age has been accompanied by profound transformations in the field of information and communication technology. These transformations have significantly impacted all aspects of human life, including the media sector. Media, as a powerful tool for shaping public opinion and advancing democracy, plays a central role in modern societies. However, these rapid and extensive changes have brought new challenges for legal systems and increasingly highlighted the need to review and adapt media laws to new conditions.In the digital age, media laws serve as a legal framework for media activities, playing a vital role in preserving freedom of expression, regulating cyberspace, developing the digital economy, maintaining national security, and ensuring public order. These laws help create a safe and healthy environment for information exchange and the free expression of ideas by defining the rights and obligations of various actors in the media sphere. Additionally, media laws contribute to greater transparency and accountability in the media by regulating the relationships between the government, media, and citizens, and preventing the misuse of media.The rapid evolution of technology and the emergence of digital platforms have created multiple challenges for media laws. Among these challenges are the high speed of technological changes, the definition of abstract issues such as freedom of expression and privacy, conflicts of interest, the globalization of media, and the accountability of online platforms. For instance, artificial intelligence and machine learning have raised new questions regarding the accountability of algorithms and the dissemination of misinformation. Furthermore, determining the boundary between freedom of expression and the dissemination of hate speech or fake news has always been a subject of debate.To address these challenges, there is a need for comprehensive and collaborative approaches. Some of the most important solutions include: flexibility of laws, international cooperation, engagement with stakeholders, development of media literacy, and the use of regulatory technologies. However, it is essential to ensure that these technologies are designed to respect user privacy.Research in the field of media laws is particularly important for better understanding the challenges and opportunities present in this area and providing appropriate solutions. By conducting comparative studies on media laws in different countries, one can identify the strengths and weaknesses of domestic laws and take steps to improve them. Additionally, research in this field can contribute to the development of legal theories concerning media, strengthen international cooperation, and enhance democracy.Given the complexities of this era, the formulation and implementation of effective and efficient media laws require special attention and comprehensive collaboration. Comparative analysis of media legal systems can help develop democracy, strengthen human rights, and combat global threats.In this context, studying and analyzing the legal system governing media in various countries is recognized as a powerful tool for better understanding the role and position of media in diverse societies. In this research, using an analytical-comparative method, and utilizing legal sources, previous studies, and analysis of laws and judicial practices, the similarities and differences in the media legal systems of Iran and the United States have been examined. The main focus is on concepts such as freedom of expression, the right to access information, press responsibility, press offenses, and media regulation. The results indicate that both countries believe in freedom of expression as a fundamental value, but in practice, we observe different limitations and interpretations. Additionally, the structure of media ownership in these two countries shows significant differences: in the U.S., ownership is primarily private and diverse, while in Iran, a significant portion of the media is under the ownership or supervision of the government and state institutions. The research concludes that understanding these differences and similarities is essential for improving media laws in both countries.Furthermore, the research addresses the contradictions of a country that claims to be the cradle of freedom of expression. American history is filled with examples that show that this country, despite its claims of defending freedom of expression, has in practice suppressed various social movements. From the civil rights movement of African Americans to anti-war protests, we have always witnessed restrictions on freedom of expression. In recent years, student protests against the Gaza war and the "Black Lives Matter" movement have faced harsh police responses. Additionally, the extensive restrictions imposed on social media for political and economic interests highlight the existing contradiction between the claim of freedom of expression and the reality. The reasons for these contradictions include ambiguous definitions of freedom of expression, changing political priorities of governments, new tools of repression, and the conflict between freedom of expression and political interests.Ultimately, while freedom of expression is a fundamental value, there are many significant limitations to this freedom in practice, and when conflicts arise between this claimed freedom and political interests, it is attacked in the most severe and unjust manner.

Nowadays, the media have been developed. Influence of social media has led to the defeat of the governments' monopoly. Along with raising public awareness, helping to understand social relations and discrimination, the media has increased the level of users' expectations. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of the media, including traditional and new media, on the political ethnocentrism of Talesh ethnic. The method is survey and the statistical population are people over 15 years. The sample size is 430 that determined by Cochran's formula. The data collection tools is a questionnaire. The validity has been confirmed with face validity and confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha. The findings showed that satellite channels and online social networks have a positive effect on political ethnocentrism; but there isn’t relationship between political ethnocentrism and traditional media, religion, education, age and gender. The results showed that political ethnocentrism is increasing under the influence of satellite channels and social networks. Unlike in the past, when the traditional media moderated and controlled political ethnocentrism, neglect of this media has caused to have no effect on the Talesh ethnic. Even the religious differences hasnot been able to moderate this variable.

Today, with the advancement in the field of communication technology, dramatic changes have taken place in the biocultural and social life of societies. Based on this, various studies and researches on media and consumerism have been conducted in Iran. The purpose of this study is to study the relationship between media and consumerism in Iran. This research uses meta-analysis approach and CMA2 software to review the research conducted in the field of media and consumerism during the years 2009-2019. From 94 researches in the field of consumerism, based on the results and findings, 17 researches were selected for analysis. The findings showed that the size of the effect of media on consumerism is equal to 0.307, which according to Cohen's interpretive system, this amount is considered a moderate effect. Also in this study, social groups and research locations were identified as moderating variables. According to research results among social groups, the media has a greater impact on citizens than other social groups on consumerism. Also, the influence of the media on the cities has been more than the people of Tehran in consumerism.

The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a model for managing the news of large fires in the country. The research method is mixed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes news editors of radio and television during the crisis, spokespersons and agents involved in the management and operations of the Tehran Fire Department, the secretary of the government information council at that time, and communication specialists and media editors during that crisis. have been. In addition, the statistical population related to the quantitative section includes all the news that were published in the media during the two weeks of Plasko crisis (January 30, 2015 to February 13, 2015) and includes more than 100 thousand news. In order to collect samples in the qualitative section, the purposeful sampling method has been used. In-depth interviews were used to collect data in the present research in the qualitative part and in order to take advantage of the opinions and views of experts and practitioners. Also, content analysis and quantitative content analysis methods were used to analyze qualitative and quantitative data. The findings of the present research indicate that the official media have strengths in relation to the crisis that arose in the Plasko incident, such as giving priority to the Plasko incident and highlighting the news in a way, the local-national view of the Plasko incident, the amount of time allocated It was given to the incident and to express the news related to Plasko accident in a simple and unambiguous manner. However, the national media has fundamental weaknesses in relation to the Plasko building incident. Being event-oriented, not presenting the news in the form of a complete news package and being limited to cold pieces of news, giving more value to the news value of novelty, highlighting the "where" and "when" news elements and not paying attention to the "why" and "how" elements. Paying more attention to hard news and not paying attention to soft news, using the tactic of official sources and not relying enough on the use of the news tactic of publishing secret information, a positive orientation towards the Plasko incident and not respecting news neutrality, not highlighting the government, officials, and authorities Judiciary, Tehran Municipality and Parliament and paying less attention to their responsibilities regarding the Plasco incident and less coverage of the government and government bodies in this incident and somehow removing responsibility from them havebeen the most important weaknesses of the news coverage of the Plasco building incident.

The purpose of this research was to compare the amount of marital conflicts in religious families based on the amount of satellite usage in their father's house (main family). The present research method is quantitative and causal-comparative. For this purpose, 313 couples (626 samples) from the statistical population, including married students living in residential complexes in Qom, were selected by a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, and they were asked demographic questionnaires related to the amount of satellite usage and marital conflicts questionnaire by Sanai et al (2008) answered.The findings indicated that there is a statistically significant difference in marital conflicts between three groups of people according to the amount of satellite usage in their father's house. People whose father's house did not use satellite at all had less marital conflicts than people whose father's house used satellite very often or sometimes. Therefore, in explaining and psychologically and socially analyzing factors of marital conflicts and family problems and planning for prevention and treatment, it is necessary to pay enough attention to factors and cultural platforms such as media and satellite.

The role of art in education is one of the important debates of human sciences, which is considered as an important issue in advanced countries today and is used in the education system. An important issue that has remained relatively far from the eyes of those in charge of religion and religious teachings and the Qur'an, especially in Iran and other Islamic societies. Discovering and explaining the artistic principles of illustration from the Quran is the main concern and goal of this article, which is expressed in the form of the main question of searching for the principles of Quranic illustration in written media. Data were collected through library methods (researches, articles and documents) and field method with interview technique, and thematic analysis method was used for their analysis. The most important achievements are stated in 13 principles that the illustrators of children's religious books, especially the Quran, can present appropriate and worthy works by applying those principles. Some of these principles are: attention to the growth and evolution of children's religious understanding, commitment to and Islamic jurisprudential dos and don'ts, selecting appropriate Quranic stories and concepts, paying attention to the characteristics and functions of written media, accompanying and directly using commentators and experts in Quranic affairs, taking advantage of the objective and concrete experiences of children to simplify complex Quranic concepts, using images Stimulating the mind and stimulating the imagination in the direction of the goals of the Qur'an.

The Arbaeen pilgrimage, especially its developed form in the last decade, is a non-obligatory religious ritual of Shiites, which is held (repeated) every year at a specific time and place and has a traditional support. Considering that Arbaeen is a trans-gender, trans-age and trans-format ritual, it can be studied from different perspectives, including the media perspective. The aim of the current research is to study the Arbaeen pilgrimage as a medium, which has been pursued in two stages; In the first place, to achieve the media functions of the Arbaeen pilgrimage, thematic analysis method was used, and the data obtained from in-depth interviews with professors and experts in the fields of communication and media sciences and rituals were coded in three stages, descriptive, analytical and interpretive, using the Wolcott method. The findings show that the Arbaeen pilgrimage has five functions of social mobilization, entertainment, continuity, solidarity, communication, and informing, which were obtained from a total of 42 analytical codes and by comparing them. Then, in the second stage, these findings have been compared and adapted with the theory of media functions from Dennis McQuail's point of view. The result of the research shows that the media functions of Arbaeen are in accordance with McQuail's theory of media functions and Arbaeen procession can be considered as a medium for the Shia community.

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, mass media and then social media were used to promote religious teachings. Due to the fact that in the past these teachings were promoted using traditional methods of religious propaganda, the question arises whether these methods can still fulfill their past functions. Therefore, in this research, in order to investigate the effectiveness of the aforementioned methods, the role of traditional methods of propagandizing the level of religiosity of young people has been discussed. The statistical population consists of 15 to 29-year-old youth in Tehran, 384 of whom were selected and studied by stratified random sampling.Survey method and questionnaire tool were used to collect data and statistical method was used to analyze it. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by the face validity method and its reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The findings of the research show that the highest number of young people's attendance is related to the prayer and recitation gatherings of religious groups, followed by attendance at mosques' celebration and mourning gatherings, sermons and sermons, and ta'zih gatherings. These findings also show that in terms of religiosity, 2.1% of young people are at a very low level, 14.3% at a low level, 38.3% at a medium level, 34.9% at a high level, and 4.4% at a high level. 10% are at a very high level.

The media is a means of conveying a collective message, and this communication is the cornerstone of a democratic society. People's contributions and benefits, and on the other hand, the activism of the media and their agents, are subject to legal requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to compile and revise media laws, which include collecting, classifying and distinguishing effective and valid laws from others. In order to solve the mentioned problems, taking advantage of the participation of groups related to the law in the legislative process, making more use of the capacity of legal bills as a law initiative, increasing the use of expert capacities in the process of drafting and approving laws, reducing the speed of legislation and paying attention to revising laws, determining The guarantee of effective implementation for the implementation of the law and the like were introduced as effective solutions for the implementation of laws in Iran's legal system. The most important finding of this research is the presentation of desirable principles in limiting the freedom of the media, based on which conclusions and evaluations have been made. The results of this research indicate that the Nordic regulations accepted in the Scandinavian countries have a correct understanding of the category of media freedom; .

This research answers these questions: Who are the influential actors in the field of health communication in Iran and what issues and concerns are controvercial in this area? Joint interviews with groups conducted with relevant members shows that eleven institutions and individuals are involved in the issue as actors. Also, according to the main purpose of the research on the subject, it is around six key controvercial issues. The mutual influence of the actors, the competition of each of the actors towards the goals, the convergence and divergence of the actors and the relationship of the actors with each of the goals have been analyzed using Mactor's theory-method. The findings show that the most important strategic health actors in the field of media are communication Also, according to the competition of communication players, iT engineers, media, future research researchers and health startups are the strongest players respectively. From the point of view, the ratio of actors to goals is also among the goals proposed by the actors, the explanation and evaluation of remote medicine and the explanation of accompanying health evaluation are of greater importance and priority. From the point of view of actors, explaining, evaluating and formulating social criteria is the least important and the last priority. From the perspective of convergence among actors, the strongest convergence in the future of health communication is between the Ministry of Health, medical assistants and future research researchers, and from the perspective of divergence, there is a greater distance between the two goals of explaining companion health assessment and explaining and evaluating remote medicine. This means that these two goals in the future field of health communication are not aligned with each other.

In the Islamic Republic, a unique variant of public opinion is observed, distinct from traditional models. While existing outside the realm of power relations, this form of public opinion lacks the connection to civil society commonly found in other contexts. Instead, it is defined by a collection of shared beliefs, attitudes, and viewpoints that are shaped independently of power dynamics, thus forming a unique, isolated public opinion within the Islamic Republic's sociopolitical landscape. The precarious state of civil society in Iran has led to it becoming a negligible factor in social and political equations and relations. Public opinion in Iran, rather than taking shape through the lens of civil society and aligning with government policies and decisions, functions as a force that is manipulated by adversaries and used as a tool to apply pressure against the Islamic Republic’s authority.Currently, the media plays a substantial role in influencing and steering public opinion. Many scholars and researchers in fields such as sociology, communication sciences, psychology, and others have posited that the media has the ability to shape its perceptions and interpretations of events to align with its preconceived biases. Consequently, media outlets often select data and scrutinize social phenomena based on these biases, and the information provided may not always accurately reflect reality but can be tainted with cultural, political, and social values and norms.Research question(s):The present research aimed at understanding the necessity of implementing social policies to manage and control Iranian public opinion. In the first stage, the study focused on identifying factors that contribute to the pessimistic outlook and confused mentality among Iranians. Subsequently, in the second stage, the research sought to analyze the meaningful relationships between causes and effects, with the objective of providing strategies in the domain of social policy. In accordance with these objectives, the research aimed to answer the following questions:What are the platforms that influence Iranian public opinion?What are the characteristics of Iranian public opinion?What strategies and tactics are implemented in the arena of managing and controlling Iranian public opinion?What capacities and constructive ideas can potentially impact Iranian public opinion?Literature Review:Given the profound and far-reaching changes and transformations experienced by human societies, the role of media, virtual space, and social networks in shaping such transformations is significant. Numerous thinkers have substantiated this assertion, as they argue that in the current era, the media serves as the primary force shaping public thoughts and minds. Disregard towards this phenomenon is considered impractical.Castells, for instance, posits that all identities are constructed, but the critical question at hand is how, from what sources, by whom, and for what purposes. Gerbner and his associates in the "cultivation theory" have attempted to address the impact of mass media, particularly television, on shaping public opinions and thoughts. Hall and J. Holley (2005) introduced the theory of "representation," which posits that in the contemporary context, mass media's audio-visual presentations have the most profound impact on shaping public culture, thoughts, and perceptions. According to this theory, mass media serve as instruments for representing the world to their audiences.The media, according to the theoretical framework of framing, does not solely function as a mirror that reflects events and the realities of the social and political world. Instead, they play a more active role in shaping social and political realities. Through their news reporting, the media influence how people perceive and understand the world around them, essentially constructing those realities. McCombs and Reynolds (2009) propose the theory of "highlighting," asserting that in the context of modern times, the media wield significant influence as a powerful factor. According to this theory, media communications and platforms play a pivotal role in the discursive processes of highlighting and marginalization. Moreover, the media are regarded as a foundational power factor in a global system that is constantly undergoing change.

This study is a descriptive-analytical research project conducted in accordance with the qualitative methodological approach, grounded in contextual theorization. It utilizes semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection technique and employs purposeful theoretical sampling to identify participants who can provide insights related to the research questions. Theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting interviews with 16 academics and experts in the fields of social sciences and communication sciences from various universities in Tehran (Tehran, Tarbiat Modares, and Khwarazmi). The interviewees comprised 13 men and 3 women, with ages ranging from 42 to 70 years.

Based on analysis conducted using MAXQDA software, 52 distinct concepts were identified during the initial open coding stage. These were subsequently grouped into 15 core categories during the axial coding phase. These categories can be further organized into three broader forms: platforms that shape the state of Iranian public opinion, characteristics of Iranian public opinion, and strategies and tactics employed in policy-making and public opinion management.The influence of the following platforms on Iranian public opinion is evident: a general sentiment of disappointment, a prevailing negativity, diminishing trust in official media spaces, and a decrease in their overall favorability.Several characteristics are evident in such a thought process: there is an increase in the tendency towards activism and direct action, a heightened influence of public opinion on government decision-making, a growing dissatisfaction and expression of demands shaped by virtual spaces and social media platforms, a stronger focus on political issues and concerns for security among the populace, and an increasing interest in adopting global values and norms, along with a strong influence wielded by unofficial media sources in opposition to civil society and official media channels. There is also a desire to form new social movements, particularly through acts of civil disobedience and other forms of influence. As a means of controlling public opinion, the researcher emphasized looking towards weaker and less developed neighboring countries as a cautionary tale. To manipulate public opinion in line with policy objectives, the researcher proposed strategies and tactics such as cover action, coordinated action (shaping aligned narratives), and media action. These tactics are aimed at influencing public opinion to align with policy goals and public opinion management.

In this study, the primary objectives were twofold: to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to the pessimistic outlook and confusing mindset of Iranians, and to examine the meaningful relationships between causes and effects by introducing social policy measures. It is worth noting that despite the numerous and persistent crises faced since the establishment of the Islamic Republic system, Iranian society has consistently demonstrated resilience and cooperation with the system. However, challenges and threats have emerged within society, creating wounds and uncertainties.It appears that factors such as a decrease in public trust (regarding structures, authorities, organizations, and institutions), heightened frustration and pessimism about the possibility of large-scale reform, the continued proliferation of negative news, and an escalating growth in demands that are difficult to meet in the short term are exacerbating the situation.Class divisions, continuous revelations against leaders and executive officials, an increase in the propensity for protests and a trend towards violence in these protests, the growth of political polarization, the focus of satellite and social media networks in directing public opinion, the establishment of an identity of resistance through cultural and social focus, a changing lifestyle and a rise in family breakdowns, a focus on celebrities and decreasing significance of former reference groups, and heightened external pressures have contributed to a sense of abandonment in Iran's public opinion, resulting in negative representations. When considering the nature and context of Iranian society in terms of its social, political, economic, and cultural aspects, it may be beneficial to categorize the primary and significant strategies for shaping Iranian public opinion in a positive, constructive, and hopeful direction into the following three broad categories:Several techniques have been utilized to shape public opinion: representation, framing, highlighting, and planting, which are based on the extensive use of virtual spaces and social networks. Moreover, strategies such as forming a think tank, analyzing positive narratives, and employing media actions were identified as potentially effective approaches in the realm of policymaking and public opinion management within the Iranian context. In response to the influence of the information and satellite space, public opinion might be steered in a different direction compared to that preferred by the government. It is worth noting that it is challenging to quickly overcome the enemy's soft and cognitive warfare, as this influence leverages the vast reach of virtual spaces, social networks, and satellite channels. The enemy not only seeks to impose a new lifestyle among Iranians but also employs various tactics and imagery to direct public opinion towards confrontational and oppositional stances against the government.

Media, by creating changes in values, beliefs and attitudes, perceptions and images and mindsets of society, provide the ground for persuasion and acceptance and play an important role in all political, economic, social and cultural spheres of the country. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying contingency factors affecting media management. The research is a descriptive and analytical study and has been investigated using documents, books and related internal and external researches. The findings of the study showed that different approaches such as systemic approach, public management approach, management based on ownership and strategic management approach have been presented and implemented for media management, each of which has different limitations and indicates their incorrect and limited understanding of the subject of media management. Limiting media management to media relations and reducing its level to public relations and even lower to advertising management. One of these limitations is the lack of attention to the conditions and frequent changes in the media. Therefore, in this study, the contingency approach was also stated as one of the specific approaches of strategic management, which, considering the characteristics of the media and also the extensive changes in the structure and system of message transmission in the media, is a necessary and important approach in the field of media management. And based on that, it is necessary for media management to have comprehensive and complete plans for different conditions and sudden and rapid changes in the field of media and even political and social conditions. To achieve a contingency approach in the media, contingency factors affecting media management must be identified. The findings showed that these contingency factors can be divided into two categories: organizational and extra-organizational. Also, the results showed that the strategies and strategies of the organization, changing the expectations of employees, advancing information technology or changing technology and the high volume of work are the most important contingency conditions of media management. Also, changing government and tax regulations, public interest in the media and increasing social awareness are the most important extra-organizational factors with a contingency approach.

The purpose of writing this article is the social analysis of the role of the media and the position of gender in sports in the media coverage of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.  This research was conducted using qualitative research method and thematic analysis strategy.  The statistical population is all the contents of Iran Sports newspaper in 1400.  Statistical sampling was purposefully selected, which includes 89 textual data (news, reports, interviews, and articles) in the Iran Sports newspaper.  In the present research, the textual data of Iran Sports newspaper were categorized in three levels of basic themes, organizing themes, and overarching themes in the coding process.  These three levels were shown along with the relationships between them.  The comparison of the results obtained from the analysis of the content of the Iran Sports newspaper during the Olympic period shows that the approach of this newspaper was based on the concepts of "hegemony", "sports metaphors" and "super-reality", but the noteworthy point is the concept of "hegemony".  that the news coverage in this theme has been done for both sexes, with the difference that the news support for women is more about the announcement of infrastructural restrictions for training before being sent to competitions or the lack of facilities or equipment for athletes during competitions and...  While the news coverage for male athletes includes allocating special points and encouraging them for their efforts in the field of competition with their opponents, even when they did not achieve the desired result

The formation of identity happens in all societies, but in the late 20th century, the factors that shape identities increasingly go beyond local borders, so that in the present era, with the significant entry of young people into virtual space and social networks, these networks have many effects. have put on them One of the important aspects that are affected by virtual social networks is personal identity. For this reason, the present research has examined the relationship between the identity of young people and their orientation to topics in Telegram social media. The main question of the research is what role does the use of Telegram social networks have in their personal identity to choose topics in this media among the youth of Tehran? The research method is survey type. The statistical population of the research consists of all the youths of Tehran, of which 326 people were selected and examined in a multi-stage cluster method. The findings of the research showed: Telegram social network users are more interested in social issues and they show less interest in economic issues in the Telegram social network environment. So that the results of multiple regression analysis, identity styles account for 50% of the variance of users' cultural themes, 71% of the variance of social themes, 64% of the variance of political themes, and 61% of the variance of economic themes.