جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « الگو » در نشریات گروه « فلسفه و کلام »

This paper evaluates Ian Barbour's view on the role of paradigms and models in the formation and understanding of religion. Based on Thomas Cohen's view about the role of paradigms in scientific theories, Barbour has shown that just as we do not have pure empirical observations, we also do not have pure religious experience, stories and rituals, for, just as observations are theory-laden and scientific theories are paradigm-laden, religious experiences, stories and religious rituals are also religious beliefs-laden, and religious beliefs are religious paradigm-laden. On the other hand, he believes that just as models within a paradigm are effective in forming and understanding scientific theories, they also play a fundamental role in the formation and understanding of religious beliefs. In this paper, the Barbour's view is first explained, then in the evaluation of his view, the paradigmatic view of religion, Barbour's attention to the role of models in religion and the hermeneutic aspect are considered the positive points of his view, and an attempt has been made to overcome criticisms such as unrealism and relativism of the paradigmatic view and models. But it seems that, firstly, the definition of religion by religious experience, religious stories and rituals is considered a kind of reductionism, and, secondly, it is possible to use religious theories instead of "religious beliefs" and consider religious theories as corresponding to scientific theories.

Human lives are nowadays controlled by the media. The media mechanism for advertising has been so complicated because of designing many devices for convincing people. The media sometimes uses techniques which are morally wrong and religiously unjustified. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish influential moral methods from immoral techniques and to provide a pattern for drawing this distinction. The present paper tries to provide a model for the moral principles in spreading religion. The pattern is in line with the three pillars of preaching religion and it separates the moral methods from the immoral ones. This pattern is based on six moral rules that should be observed in this regard: the ethical laws of benevolence and honesty pertain to the messenger, the laws of clarity and soundness are related to the message, and the laws of human dignity and the understanding level of the audience are connected to the message receiver.

One of the ways to keep the methodology alive in a society is to study the opinions, thoughts and methods of thinkers and extract their pattern of thinking and methodology. Ayatollah Shahid Allameh Morteza Motahhari is a profound thinker and thinker whose study of thought can open new horizons in research, methodology and problem solving. Shahid Motahari's methodology was a mixture of Islamic principles, new thinking in the problems of Islamic society and intellectual initiatives and mental abilities. Based on this, the aim of the present study was to achieve the methodological features of Professor Motahhari in problem-oriented research.

The method used in this research was library.

Findings of this research in the form of a model including individual contexts: purposefulness, love of science and thinking, self-awareness, intellectual migration, and truth-seeking; Historical social contexts: Discovering historical roots in research, examining the philosophical practices of Muslim scholars, critiques of Muslim philosophers, historical insight, and scholarly critique of ideas; And method propulsions: Achieving needs, methodology, the most important rule of Falaham, insight, foresight, in-depth search, active central issue, innovation and avoidance of absolutism were presented.

the author of the research concluded that Martyr Motahhari was ahead of his scientific time in diagnosing the problem and problem-solving, he had a problem-solving mind and insight, his research was as needed, he was the creator of a single system of thought, he observed rules and regulations in problem-oriented research, and so on.

This study examines the two concepts of interactionism and coherence in the context of concepts in the context of epistemological structures in the field of philosophy of religious knowledge with the conceptualization approach by adding a combined method And tries to offer a proposal to justify the propositions and the type of their relationship in the field of religious knowledge by considering the limitations of religious knowledge and exploring the valley of interactionism and the epistemological structure of coherence.After rereading the two concepts of interactionism and coherence in the philosophy of religious knowledge, it is necessary to express the corresponding concepts according to the structural considerations of the new context.Considering the nature of interactive and coherent structures and also considering the nature of religious knowledge and its requirements, the model of the desired structure can be considered as a rational, coherent, moderately interactive religious knowledge with preservation and scope of application of each.The structure of moderate rational religious knowledge, in order to strengthen justifiability and expand the foundations of the text outside of it, as well as in order to methodically monitor the coherence of the structure, constantly uses cohesive loops and interactive mechanisms. Timely response to theoretical and practical challenges and questions, uses them temporarily to rebuild the structure

That Shahid Qasem Soleimani’s character can serve as a model for civilizing transcendental soft power, has been the main concern of the current descriptive-analytic study. In the theory of transcendental soft power, the transcendental, human and organizational factors are the efficient cause of transcendental soft power. Shahid Soleimani as an elite human factor who was adorned with the constituents of the reason, served as an ideal model for creation, production and reproduction of social capital in its abundance and changing it into soft power for new Islamic civilization with honor, delight and efficiency. Since he was a proud trainee in the school of the leaders of the revolution, the soft power he created was a transcendental one from a divine source. Thus, seeking assistance from the side of God, he used the power to defeat the symbol of mundane soft power and discredited it in the contemporary world. He revealed that even the divine symbols like “Allah, the greatest” and “there is no god but Allah” when served by a mundane soft power, are to no avail for the arrogant system. For establishing the Islamic civilization, like any other civilization, two critical element, i.e. “thought production” and “training human” are necessary. Shahid Soleimani helped developing both elements in practice and served as an ideal model for the faithful youth.

This article contains the analysis of the analogies as the essential factors in discovering the scientific patterns based on the available philosophic theories and the results of cognitive sciences. A scientific pattern is a purposive system capable of describing a section or a part of a given theory. Most patterns evolve around Analogy; that is, by adopting analogy, new predictions and potential solutions regarding patternistic measures become evident. Advances made in this context are subject to analogy, an issue that not many scientists are concerned within their thoughts. This issue must be analyzed at its utmost by; 1) adapting the already observed orders and regulations because scientists need Analogy to fill the gap between theory and observations, 2) adopting concrete Analogy in predicting scientific theories without which no rational would support the suggested prediction, 3) mathematical Analogy in scientific patternistic approaches indicate its direct effect on the phenomena thereof and 4) its stance in discovery and justification for accurate comprehension of advances made in scientific realm is inevitable. The analogy with its specific stance can determine the scientific pattern configuration because analogies contribution is fundamental that it is sometimes claimed that they are patterns on their own. Addressing the discussion in the context is science is of high essence. First, some of the recognized analogies exhibit that in the process of science, there exist some analogic applications like scientific pattern configuration and insights discovery, connecting the non-related fields, inspiring technological applications, actualizing sudden predictions to enhance rationality and prosper and expand the theories; next, by analyzing analogies the primary difference between the material and apparent analogies the consent among the philosophers and the features and relations among a source range and a distance range can be determined and third, analogies and the basis of a pattern, that is, they lead to their perception and expansion (e.g., the gravitational and electrostatic forces ), next to attending are to make a connection between different determines. Though the issue of Analogy usually is addressed in a patterning context, we should ask ourselves: What is understood by studying analogy regarding patterns? What can possibly be attained? The objective here is to analyze the scientific patterns by focusing on their innate contributions by assessing the essence of analogy in pattern construction. To begin with, the analogy stance in the pioneer scientists' perception in this field will be defined, followed by the connections between analogy and scientific patterns according to the latest findings in cognitive science scientists of this field regarding structure-mapping approach by resorting to different concrete examples. The strength and weakness of this standpoint in the view of the philosophers and scientists will be answered and criticized.

The Image is one of the lesser-known cognitive sources of man that has been seriously explored in various scientific fields today. The exclusive attention and focus of traditional epistemologists on propositional cognition is one of the obstacles to cognition and research in the context of Image, because Image is a non-propositional cognition. The basic question of this Essay is: what are the characteristics of an Image and in what process is it formed and how can a network analysis of an image be obtained? The findings of the present Research are as follows: First. The Image is conceptually equal to the three meanings of "imagination", "image" and "model or pattern", but there is no practical difference between these meanings, so to differentiate between them and to avoid semantic confusion, two suggestions are made; Second. Eight attributes were enumerated for the Image, from which it was known that the Image is cognitive and at the same time hidden, the Image is the product of a complex and fluid mental process that is both evolving and perfecting, and the source of change in the various dimensions of thought, behavior, and action; Third. The Image is not related to the level of human imagination. for the analysis of images we need a network of components such as imagination and imaginary designs, structure, and mind. In imagining the future and imaginary Shemas, the imagination acts as an environment for guiding, reproducing, or modifying the image, and the image as a measure of mind control.

Literally, conversion means alternation and profound change. In the psychology of religion, it means changes in thoughts, beliefs, and patterns that bring about far-reaching changes in life. In the psychology of religion, conversion has been one of the most important research topics in the last century, and the findings of those studies have been used to promote religious goals and objectives and to spread those religions. However, the studies in the vast history of conversion have not been based on the Islamic teachings. The purpose of this study is to investigate and explain the psychological causes of conversion to Islam. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. After identifying, reviewing, and extracting the points related to the research from general and specific sources, we have tried to explain the psychological factors in conversion to Islam. We have examined the evidence, arguments, and analysis by referring to the sources written by Islamic thinkers. After examining Islamic sources, fourteen psychological factors have been obtained in three categories of factors effective in the process of conversion: the characteristics of the convert, the inviter, and the religion of Islam.

Family livelihood regulation model in the Islamic approach is closely related to the main function of the family in the upbringing of generations and also the macro goals of the Islamic economic system. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper studies the family livelihood regulation model in the Muslim family in two areas of business and income allocation. According to the findings, earning income in a Muslim family is done with the aim of providing a halal income between the limit of sufficiency and the limit of tazahum (the state where two obligations collide with each other but one is more). Earnings are allocated to the four sectors of consumption, savings, investment and charity. The family can save their surplus income for their future needs through income management and observing the principles of optimal consumption. Families also spend part of their surplus income to empower other families and meet their needs. The realization of the family livelihood model in Islamic economics and the realization of the next layers of support will improve the living conditions of families and at the macro level, it brings economic balance and stability to society.

Analyzing Health of soul and characteristics of a pure soul has been an important anthropological issue for Muslim thinkers. In his moral treatises, Nasir al-Din Tusi has developed a particular model on human soul`s health. The current research tries to depict this model and then give a comprehensive analysis of the issue on the basis of his writings. In the view of Tusi, purity of soul is a preliminary step toward human transcendence. In the transcendence-based theory of Tusi, decontaminating soul from vice and rascality exerts an important effect on the purity of soul. According to this thinker, virtue is a critical component for this purity. In this model he employs flexible indices aimed at a righteous Man rather than an ideal perfect or Gnostic human being. Such an analysis is different from other theories put forward on the issues including the view adopted by Zakariyyā al-Rāzī. Maintaining a spiritual therapeutic stance which is adopted from the moral theory of Tusi, the current research has depicted the spiritual disorders of soul and suggested remedial solution. Furthermore, considering the weight of “virtue” in the purity of soul, the nature of the concept, as well as faculties of soul, is explained and different interpretations are given.

based on the analysis of the axiological foundations of Morteza Motahhari (Iranian philosopher). The present research is an educational research of fundamental-applied type and it has employed an analytic-inferential research method. The requisite information was collected using the (virtual or real) librarymethod and the tool employed to gather the information was note-taking. At first the concept of Islamic education, value and axiology was examined from ShahidMotahhari viewpoint, then the desirable school model was inferred and charcterized while adopting an analytical perspective to the axiological foundations of ShahidMotahhari. The findings of the research showed that: from the viewpoint of ShahidMotahhari the desirable school is the school where some virtues are taught including humanity, accepting the values in a climate replete with tranquility, respecting the learners, behavioral education along with the reflection upon the values, the values not being exclusively economic, formulating valuable and attractive goals, the science accompanied byaction, ethics-orientation, raising the individuals who have suffered injustice, seeker of absolute perfection, prayerful social peacemaker and the scholars who are social peacemakers, practice of nobility, accountability, enhancing the will of students, justice-orientation, administration of justice, enhancing the emotions properly, paying attention to praying programs, enhancing and nurturing the artistic aspects, creativity, lesson of nobility, humanity and morality.

During the recorded history of persuasion, various forms of persuasion have been developed that have been used in religious propagation. Although the existing methods are analysed and explained based on efficiency and effectiveness, it is also necessary to examine the ethicality of each method. Accordingly, using a research method based on data-based analysis, this paper aims to provide a model of ethical indicators to assess the methods of persuasion in religious issues. The introduction of the proposed model is based on the ethical pillars, principles and indicators of persuasion, so that in the transmitter's pillar, the principles of the intent of the benefactor and his integrity; in the message area, the principles of strength and transparency, and in the field of the recipient, the principles of respect for human dignity and considering the level of audience’s comprehension are addressed. For each of these principles, the related ethical indicators such as the cnsistency of word and behavior, fairness, imparting knowledge, source reliability, creating selection opportunities, and avoidance of degradation are extracted. Finally, by presenting the above model, five persuasive ways of reasoning, repetition, creating hope, creating fear, and creating need are evaluated ethically.

Nowadays, "lifestyle" is a new term that acts as a soft tool in changing norms. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this research seeks to analyze the relationship and the effect of the model function of Imamate and messengership in the family lifestyle. By explaining lifestyle and describing the model function of the infallibles in the Islamic worldview, a clear picture of the logical relationship and the role of guidance in lifestyle is obtained. In terms of being a role model, the infallibles are the source of "creating style". This role encompasses the educational benefits of the model, including structuring, time efficiency , prevention, and so on. Finally, the picture of the lifestyle model of the infallibles in family component reflects an attempt to create a style with the criteria of "maximum excellence" and "practical endurance" in the believing lifestyle, which is manifested in the preference for eternal reward over worldly pleasures, responsibility over negligence, working hard over seeking pleasure, simplicity over luxury, and selflessness over selfishness.

The present era is the age of modern communication technologies and media. the Iranian society is characterized with an increasing use of the modern media on the one hand, and has become a consumerist and a user of innovations on the other hand. As a progressive model, the concept of "jihadism" has four dimensions in this research: science, power, plan and self-jihadism, and it aims at facilitating progress in all areas related to Muslims’ lives. For a theoretical explanation of the issue, while relying on the Divine Word for the extraction of the model, the Parsons approach and theory of "reconciliation" is mentioned. According to this framework, the Iranian-Islamic society is considered a construction, and the new media have two positive and negative aspects. Based on the essence of strength and flexibility in the advancement of the Islamic society, the jihadist culture strives to prevent the negative impact of this arena on lifestyle. The present study shows that by using the model of jihadi action, one can preserve values and achieve social cohesion and active presence, and thus the desired progress in planning an Islamic lifestyle will be made possible.

The purpose of this study is to design an appropriate model for human resources excellence in the Ministry of Education with a behavioral-ethical approach. This research is based on the goal of a fundamental research. Based on the research design and the method of data collection, the present study is a descriptive (non-experimental), exploratory and exploratory research. In order to validate the proposed model, Delphi technique was used by several faculty members, thinkers, talents and experts. The research was carried out in four stages and Finally, the Brilliant Temple of Human Resource Excellence was designed in five main processes, 22 components and 10 comprehensive criteria and presented as a model for human-behavioral ethics pathology and Human Resources Excellence Award at the Ministry of Education.

In facing paradigm, some of the most basic and most important methodological questions with close relations to epistemology are the following: is research, whether in the realm of natural or human sciences, or even in epistemological issues, possible without the realization of paradigms and subjective assumptions? What role do paradigms play in research, methodology, knowledge and access to reality? To get the answer to such questions, we must first see what the paradigm is and whence does it originate. The term “paradigm” which has been recently considered in the philosophy of science and extended into other realms of human knowledge is full of ambiguity. One of those ambiguities relates to whether it is intended to mean a mental structure, a basis, or a model. Since this issue has been extensively penetrated into deep, Influential, and fundamental realms such as the philosophy of religion, philosophy, epistemology and methodology, it is inevitable to conduct researches about it. Among the most important achievements of this study is the fact that through a semantic analysis of this term and stating its origin, its ambiguity is removed and one can judge about the possibility of research with or without a paradigm.

There are some factors for the pattern of development, which if not considered it will not go in the right direction and disregarding them will create problems, flaws and even deviations in the this path; they are as follows: the position and role of bases in the theorization and compilation of the pattern of Islamic-Iranian development, some necessary observations in the research, discovering and explaining the bases, typology, the method of its classification and the logic of its compilation. The mentioned matters will be intensively investigated in this article. The author's stress is on following a comprehensive and mixed method for the discovery of bases. In addition a reciprocating study, with a constant and permanent rate, of the general basic principles and special field bases and the discussions [of the science] is suggested.

Every kind of theorization and progress modeling, wether contiousely or uncontiousely, is based on and benefited from the epistemological, cosmological, anthropological, axiological foundations. For the Iranian Islamic model of progress, however, it is compulsary to recognize and refer to its own speculative understructures and use them intentionaly and exactly to produce the best possible model of progress. Therefor, the pressent article is to study some of the most important epistemological and hermaneutical ideas of the muslim thinkers and its rule on the Iranian Islamic model of progress.