جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پیامبر (ص) » در نشریات گروه « ادیان و عرفان »

The pre-Islamic cities of Hijaz faced challenges such as differentiation and the formation of fluid identities. Therefore, consequences such as citizens' lack of fair facilities and the creation of bigoted and unstable privileges caused a lack of social agreement.However, with the beginning of the Prophet's urban environment policies, while creating opportunities for social life practice, harmony and convergence became one of the most prominent rules governing the lives of citizens, the re-examination of the components of urbanization in the Prophet's era, explaining the efficient urban elements, is considered one of the most important areas of religious research.Therefore, this descriptive-analytical research seeks to answer the main question, which of the Based on library sources, the results show; The emergence of innovative and guiding ideas, which originated from the essence of Islam, was able to transform elements of pre-Islamic urban life. So that solutions such as the abolition of discriminatory traditions put the newly founded Islamic society at highest level of harmonious life. In addition, with the objectification of consensus as a fundamental plan in social order, the sharing of interests between citizens became meaningful; And under the shadow of accepted religious norms, new life based on faithful life was realized.

The word Magus in Islamic sources refers to Zoroastrians. This word is used in the Holy Quran, hadith sources of Fariqin and many historical documents. This research, with a descriptive-analytical method, deals with the extraction and analysis of Magi in Sunni hadith sources. The text is based on hadiths that were narrated from the Prophet of Islam (PBUH). Among the other infallibles (a.s.), only one hadith from Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (a.s.) and two hadiths from Imam Sadiq (a.s.) have been narrated. The total of hadiths includes various topics, which are collected under six general and three partial titles. Some narrations refer to religious issues, some refer to the customs of Magi, and most of them refer to jurisprudence of Magi. The collected hadiths refer to Zoroastrians, and they do not mention Zoroastrian and his religion. Among the hadith subjects, the titles of shaving the beard and raising the mustache, chess, qadrieh and dualism had the possibility of matching with the themes of Zoroastrian sources, and this comparison was made. Regarding the content of the hadith about shaving the beard and raising the mustache of the Magi, it can be said that no evidence was found in the Zoroastrian sources to strengthen the content of this hadith, although there are some historical documents confirming this action of the Magi.

The emergence of Islam as an abrogator of previous religions provoked the reactions of other religions, especially Christians who considered Islam as a rival religion. These reactions and encounters increased particularly with the advent of colonialism and were revealed in the form of conversations, debates, and writing treatises against each other. The book "Refutation of Padori", written by Hoseyn Ali Shah Isfahani, is one of the important refutations in response to the claim of the Westerners. This refutation is an answer to the words of Henry Martin, known as Padori, who traveled to Iran as an agent of the Christian Missionaries Association. In this book, important issues such as the denial of the prophetic miracle, the differences between Christianity and Islam, and the slanders against the character of the Prophet of Islam have been answered. After a brief review of Henry Martin's political and preaching life, the present article examines Isfahani's theological method. In addition to Isfahani's words, this paper deals with the findings of other scholars in the field of theology and history. The results show that Isfahani had a special emphasis on the beliefs of the other party and answered Padori's objections by relying on rational arguments, using allegorical arguments and theological rules. However, sometimes he did not consider all aspects and hence controversial arguments can be seen in his work..

Shah Waliullah Dehlavi is one of the most important Sunni thinkers in India in the recent centuries who has had a great impact on later schools of thought by raising controversial issues on various doctrinal topics, especially in the field of prophethood of the Prophet (S). For the first time, he considered the Quranic revelation to the Prophet (S) to be a dream, while neither it was compatible with any of the historical and interpretive propositions nor the Prophet (S) or his Companions had claimed that Quranic revelation was a dream. Regarding the Prophet's appointment to prophetic mission, there are two types of invitations: a mission to Bani Ismail and a mission to the whole world, while the scholars believe in the secret invitation and then the invitation of relatives and finally the public invitation. As for the Prophet's knowledge, Dehlavi is one of those who believed in the distinction between worldly affairs and religious and otherworldly affairs in prophetic behavior and hadith. Moreover, he believed in the oversights of the Prophet (S), which has many drawbacks. In the end, Dehlavi, based on weak narrations, believed in the ijtihad (reasoning) of the Prophet (S) and considered it permissible in place of revelation, while this claim requires distrust of the Prophet's words, and contradicts the explicit verses of the Quran.

Sharh Al-Taarruf is one of the works created in the field of Islamic mysticism in Farsi, which was written by Mustamli on Kalabadi’s Al-Taaruf. In this work, in order to explain the views and to explain his principles of thought and theory, Mustamli has put his work in the intertextual link with the Holy Quran and used the Quranic verses and narrations of the prophets' story. The stories and narratives attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) are among the most prominent applications in this work, which in most cases are in contrast and compared with the story of other prophets. In this type of application, the comparison is done in two areas of action and status, and the status comparing is more frequent in this work. The writer in Sharh Al-Taarruf is comparing many prophets with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), which is almost unparalleled with this diversity. The ultimate goal of Mustamli in using this method is to emphasize explicitly or implicitly the superiority and virtue of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) on other prophets, and thus the superiority of his nation over other nations, rather than to explain the principles and of mysticalism

Throughout history, when prominent religious and political leaders died, people emerged who claimed to be the true leaders. Such an event was likely in the Arabian Peninsula, because of the predominance of the tribal system and sediments of their Jāhilī (Ignorant) culture. False prophets in the early Islamic period exploited laypeople’s belief in magic and spell, and tried to deceive people with certain dramatic moves and rhymed words. What matters is the deep connection between soothsaying (kihāna), and magic in general, on the one hand, and religious headship, on the other. Such a position was occupied by kāhins (soothsayers) who drew upon their knowledge and powers to establish the position of prophethood. In this paper, we identify the features of magic and soothsaying, and then apply them to words and deeds of false prophets. The findings show that their words and deeds fully match two central features of soothsaying: dependence and deception.

Imam 'Ali's personality, virtues and piety has been acknowledged by all Muslim denominations, as his attributes have been mentioned in most hadith collection by various Muslim schools. This paper is an attempt to shed a light on Imam 'Ali's virtues on the basis of Sunni authorities of hadith. This article consists of three parts in each different aspects of Iman ‘Ali’s personality have be considered; first, the Quranic sura on 'Ali; second, virtues attributed to him; and finally, his deeds.

According to the view of the famous mystic of the seventh century, 'Attār, in spiritual wayfaring not only the interior but also exterior or the body is transformed and put in an evolutional route. Discussing the spiritual perfection of a mystic he talks about the transcendence of body in his famous works such as Asrārnāmah, Elāhināmah, and Mosibatnāmah. In Asrārnāmah, he says that when a mystic fights his soul and causes it to reach the state of annihilation, not only the spirit but also the body will become pure, enlightened and illuminated so that the body goes beyond the border of matter. He, then, refers to the purity of the Prophet‘s body and says that it owns the characteristics of a spirit; That is why it has the capability of ascension and for this reason the Prophet ascended the heaven with his body in the night of ascension. One should know that bodily ascension is a divine miracle that belongs to the great divine prophets only and its secret is hidden from humans. The purpose of the writer in this article is to show that regarding 'Attār's discussion, spirit joins the source of absolute perfection by austerity and fighting the body. In this evolutional process the body also changes and takes the characters of a spirit. Of course this is something relative and of degrees and relates to God‘s will.

Forging hadith is an undeniable fact which goes back to the early years of Islam and Prophet Mohammad's life. The Prophet and Imams, who are the sources of authentic and rightful hadith, have warned people not to get involved in forging hadith. In this paper, the Prophet's and Imam's teachings with regard to the issueof forging hadith are explained. The accusation that the Shiaare reluctant to denounce the issue of forging hadith is also responded to.