پایایی

 The current research aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) in patients with type II diabetes.

Methods and Materials:

 The research adopted a developmental approach and fell within the scope of descriptive and test validation studies. The participants were type 2 diabetes patients from Mashhad, collected during the autumn of 2012. Two separate groups, one with 201 and another with 283 subjects, were assembled through convenience sampling. They were asked to fill out several instruments, including the TSRQ, Perceived Competence Scale (PCS), Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale (K6). Data analysis was performed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as multiple regression and multivariate analysis of variance, with the aid of SPSS 27 and Amos 24.

 Analysis revealed that the TSRQ is bifactorial, comprising autonomous and controlled regulation factors. The variance was 81.58% in medication adherence and glycemic control and 85.40% in dietary adherence and physical activity. Confirmatory factor analysis provided further validation of this structure. Reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability tests. Predictive validity was established for perceived competence, subjective vitality, life satisfaction, and psychological distress. No significant correlation was found between fasting blood sugar levels and the self-regulation dimensions of diabetes treatment (P<0.05). Additionally, significant variances in self-regulation were observed across variables such as duration of diabetes, gender, age, marital status, educational background, and employment status (P<0.01).

 The TSRQ appears to possess robust psychometric qualities for patients with type 2 diabetes, making it a valuable tool for assessing and enhancing their self-management and regulatory capabilities.

Social anhedonia is characterized by a diminished capacity to derive pleasure from social interactions, which may result in a lack of interest in establishing social relationships. The absence of an appropriate scale for measuring social anhedonia in the Persian language has prompted the present study, which aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale among Iranian university students. A total of 540 students from Shiraz University participated in the study during the academic year 2021-2022. They responded to the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS), the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to assess the validity and reliability of the data. Both analyses confirmed a three-factor structure. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the overall scale and its three subscales were 0.88, 0.84, 0.78, and 0.52, respectively. Convergent validity was established through correlations between the IPS and the SHAPS (r= 0.41) and the extraversion-related items of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (r= 0.45). Furthermore, the internal consistency of the scale was also satisfactory, with inter-item correlations of 0.90, 0.78, and 0.53 for the three subscales and the total score, respectively. These findings provide support for the three-factor structure of the Interpersonal Pleasure Scale and demonstrate its adequate validity and reliability for use among university students.

The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire in Iranian students. In this descriptive correlational study, a total of 342 participants (265 girls and 77 boys) from second-grade high school students (aged 16-18 years) in Babolsar county in the academic year 1402-1401 were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling and completed the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth (RFQ-Y) by Sharp et al. (2009). Data analysis was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the two-factor structure of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire showed a good model fit. Additionally, in this model, Subscale A has a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88, Subscale B has a value of 0.81, and the overall scale has a value of 0.90, indicating adequate reliability. The results of the data analysis showed that the utilized scale possessed satisfactory validity and reliability and could provide an acceptable representation of this construct. Therefore, this scale can be used in various studies to assess mentalization in students.

This research aimed to translate and validate the Premenstrual Change Coping Questionnaire (PMS-Cope). The present research was descriptive-correlational and validation in nature. The statistical population of this study consisted of female students of Azad University, South Tehran branch in 2023. A total of 250 people participated using the available sampling method. The research instruments included the Premenstrual Change Coping Questionnaire (PMS-Cope; Kaiser et al., 2018) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS; Endler & Parker, 1990). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor structure of this questionnaire. The results of criterion validity showed that the premenstrual change coping questionnaire had a positive relationship with problem-oriented coping strategies (P<0.05) and a negative and significant relationship with emotion-oriented and avoidance coping strategies (P<0.05). Also, the results of reliability using the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and (test-retest reliability) for the Premenstrual Change Coping Questionnaire were 0.82 and (0.78), respectively; also, based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the Premenstrual Change Coping Questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability in the Iranian community and can be used as a research tool in psychological and clinical studies.

Adverse childhood experiences wield a significant and enduring impact on long-term health and well-being, closely intertwining with the development of early maladaptive schemas. To meticulously explore the role of parent-child relationships in this dynamic, the Young Parenting Questionnaire underwent iterative design and refinement across subsequent versions.

This study aimed to ascertain the validity and reliability of the third iteration of the Young Parenting Questionnaire within a sample drawn from the 18-16 community in Tehran.

Employing a descriptive survey approach, the study encompassed 922 high school students from various districts of Tehran. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed through multiple instruments, including measures of parental acceptance-rejection, attachment to parents and peers, depression, anxiety, stress, internal shame, psychological well-being, and gratitude. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, omega coefficient, inter-item correlation, and test-retest reliability.

The Young Parenting Questionnaire exhibited positive correlations with measures of parental acceptance and rejection, attachment to parents and peers, internal shame, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress as assessed by the DASS questionnaire. Conversely, it displayed a negative correlation with psychological well-being and gratitude measures. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for questions pertaining to fathers and mothers were reported as 0.94 and 0.93, respectively. Test-retest reliability demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.92 (p< 0.01), indicating temporal stability.

The third iteration of the Young Parenting Questionnaire demonstrated robust validity and reliability. Consequently, it can be cautiously employed in both research endeavors involving adolescents and clinical settings pertaining to adolescent issues. Nonetheless, further research endeavors should address the current study's limitations to offer a more comprehensive understanding of the questionnaire's applicability within Iranian society.

This research aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the moral intelligence scale of adolescents. The research was a descriptive survey. The statistical population was the first and second high school students of Isfahan province in 2024-2023. Based on the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 400 students were selected in the first stage and 900 students were selected in the second stage of the research. The data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the reliability of the scale using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its halving coefficient, and its validity using the convergence method and dependent on the criterion with the moral intelligence questionnaire of Abadian and Rabat Milli) MIQAR  ((2020). Each of the confirmatory factor analysis indices of the mentioned scale, including RMSEAI, PCFI, TLI, and CFI, had a suitable value. The alpha coefficient and the halving coefficient of the whole scale were also 0.96 and 0.93. The results of exploratory factor analysis led to the extraction of 7 factors (respect, responsibility, conscience, kindness, self-control, honesty, and forgiveness). Factor loadings of all components were higher than 0.4 and statistically significant (P<0.001). Criterion-dependent validity with the ethical H. scale was reported as 0.52 and significant (P<0.001). Due to the favorable state of validity and reliability, the scale of the moral intelligence of adolescents can be used as a valid and useful tool to check and measure the moral intelligence of adolescents.

The psychometric properties of the Persian version of the cyberbullying perpetration questionnaire were assessed in this study, which included reliability, validity, confirmatory factorial analysis, and gender differences in youth. This is a correlational research design that adheres to the common principles and techniques of psychometrics. It is an applied survey study that was conducted in 2022 and is based on a test construction methodology. 474 participants were selected from the statistical population, which consisted of young individuals aged 18 to 35 residing in Tehran and Shiraz, using convenience sampling. The cyberbullying Perpetration Questionnaire (CPQ) was translated in four stages. Using Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient, confirmatory factorial analysis, and independent-samples t-tests at a significance level of 0.05, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS and AMOS software version 26. A one-factor model with fit indexes that were favorable (X2/df= 2.613, GFI= 0.953, IFI= 0.950, CFI= 0.949, PCLOSE= 0.109, RMSEA= 0.058) was supported by the confirmatory factorial analysis. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the cyberbullying Perpetration Questionnaire was 0.85, and test-retest reliability was 0.67. The perpetration of cyberbullying was significantly different between males and females (t=3.91, p<0.001). The cyberbullying Perpetration Questionnaire exhibited favorable psychometric properties for the purpose of assessing the perpetration of cyberbullying in young individuals.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the psychometric properties of the academic boredom scale and its relationship with academic motivation in students. The present research method was descriptive, validation type. The statistical population of research was male students of the second secondary level in District 5 of Tehran, in 1401-1402. A sample of 396 people was selected from this population by a two-stage cluster method. Participants completed the Academic Boredom Scale (ABS) (Pekrun et al., 2002) and the Academic Motivation Questionnaire (AMQ) (Lapper et al., 2005). Data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the academic boredom scale has 22 items and two components classroom boredom and learning-related boredom. The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the appropriate fit of the model. There was a significant negative relationship between the academic boredom scale and academic motivation (p<0.01). Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the factors of classroom boredom and learning boredom related to learning and the whole scale were obtained as 0.86, 0.88, and 0.93, respectively. Therefore, the Persian version of the academic boredom scale has favorable psychometric properties among Iranian students and can be used.

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Adaptation to Chronic Pain Questionnaire (ACPQ). The research population was constituted by those who had consulted a pain clinic in Tehran between January and March 2024. A total of 110 clients were selected for this study through convenience sampling. The data were analyzed using factor analysis and internal consistency. The factor analysis confirmed the factor structure of the questionnaire, with the original 18 items distributed across three subscales. The proportion of the total variance that was explained was 65.83%. Cronbach's alpha was 0.90 for the entire instrument and 0.89, 0.90 and 0.85 for the self-perception, perception of limitations and perception of tolerance subscales, respectively. A positive and significant correlation was observed between the components of chronic pain adaptation (P<0.01). These metrics suggest that the Adaptation to Chronic Pain Questionnaire (ACPQ) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing chronic pain adaptation within the Iranian population.

  The aim of the present study was to investigate the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the short version of the difficulty in emotion regulation questionnaire (DERS-16) in students.

The statistical population of this study included all high school students in District 1 of Ardabil City in the academic year 2021-2022 (12196 students). 380 people were selected by sampling methods available through the Internet (Shad program). The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the psychological flexibility questionnaire were used to calculate convergent and discriminant validity. The construct validity was examined through confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was performed using Cronbach's alpha method and retesting.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis, as in the original form, confirmed five factors: lack of emotional clarity, difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors, limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies, and nonacceptance of negative emotions. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale is 0.84, and for the subscales of lack of emotional clarity, difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors, limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies, and nonacceptance of negative emotions, they were equal to 0.90, 0.84, 0.86, 0.85, and 0.87, respectively. In addition, the four-week retest coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.72, and the subscales of lack of emotional clarity, difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors, limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies, and nonacceptance of negative emotions were equal to 0.68, 0.80, 0.69, 0.82, and 0.77, respectively. Also, correlation coefficients indicated favorable convergent and discriminant validity of the questionnaire (P<0/001).

According to the obtained results, it can be said that the difficulty in emotion regulation questionnaire (DERS-16) is a reliable and valid scale for measuring the difficulty in emotion regulation in students.

Accurate identification of the extent of sexual problems in couples using precise, valid, practical measurement tools can pave the way for a thorough evaluation and effective treatment planning. With this objective, the present study was conducted to investigate the psychometric aspects, validity, and reliability of the self-assessment questionnaire for sexual problems in Iranian society.

This study was conducted in the field of psychometrics and was descriptive. The study sample consisted of 385 couples from Qom province who were available for participation. The Persian version of the sexual problems self-assessment questionnaire was adapted and administered, along with the sexual satisfaction questionnaires (ISS) and the depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire, following the stages of translation and re-translation. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods were employed to assess construct validity. Content validity was evaluated using the CVI and CVR indexes. Convergent validity was examined by calculating the Pearson correlation between the scores of this questionnaire and the scores of the sexual satisfaction questionnaire, while divergent validity was assessed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient between the scores of this questionnaire and the scores of the depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire. Reliability was measured using the binomial method and Cronbach's alpha calculation. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24 and Laserl version 8.8 software. A significance level of 0.05 was applied.

Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the self-assessment questionnaire on sexual problems is a multidimensional scale and explains a high number of variables in the questionnaire. The confirmatory factor analysis of the 5-factor model of the questionnaire was validated and exhibited good fit indices (RMSEA=0.08). In this study, all content validity indicators were at an acceptable level (above 0.80). Convergent validity ranged from 0.50 to 0.79, and divergent validity ranged from -0.40 to -0.62 (p<0.05). The questionnaire's Cronbach's alpha was 0.93, and the correlation coefficient between the two halves of the test was 0.77 (p < 0.05).

The results indicate the validity and reliability of the self-assessment questionnaire for sexual problems in married Iranian men and women. Due to its reliability and validity, this questionnaire can be utilized in research and clinical settings and has been the focus of numerous studies in the field of family psychology for identifying sexual problems.

The goal of this study was to determine the psychometric characteristics of the Revised Self-Disgust Scale in Iranians.

This study was basic research. The methodology employed was descriptive-correlative. The statistical population consisted of individuals who had been students at universities in Tabriz city from 2018 to 2019. A total of 392 individuals were randomly selected. The scale was translated by two English language experts, who made alterations based on feedback from psychology professors and 30 pilot test participants. The scale was then administered along with Beck’s Depression Scale, Disgust Sensitivity, and the OXFORD Happiness Questionnaire. To assess reliability, the scale was administered again after a 2-week interval. Data analysis was conducted using AMOS and SPSS-22.

The scale has good face validity. Factor analysis confirmed two factors: behavioral (personality) and physical self-disgust. The instrument demonstrated significant convergent validity based on its correlation with the Beck Scale and the Disgust Scale (r = 0.32, 0.15, p < 0.01). Additionally, the correlation between the factors was 0.72, and between each factor and the total score was above 0.90. Finally, the results indicated that the internal consistency was 0.83. Test-retest reliability was high (r = 0.87, p < 0.01).

It is inferred that the SDS-R demonstrates good validity and reliability among the Iranian population, making it suitable for measuring the self-disgust variable.

Research has long confirmed the important role of psychological skills and characteristics (PSC) in determining elite athletic performance. Psychological characteristics are usually defined as characteristics that, despite their relative stability (for example, motivation and focus), can be modify or strengthened through systematic development. On the other hand, psychological skills are defined as the ability of athletes to use learned methods to regulate or strengthen their psychological characteristics (for example, self-talk and visualization). The purpose of the present study was the determination of Validity and reliability Persian version of the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports, Youth Version. Subjects included of teenagers with the age range of 13 to 19 years (mean 16.29 and standard deviation 1.71), of which 241 people (90 boys and 151 girls) completed the questionnaires. Data was collected by Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports, Youth Version). The factorial validity of the was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach alpha coefficient was used for internal consistency of scale and test-retest for assuming Reliability. The results show that Persian version of the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports, Youth Version had relatively acceptable structure validity and good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. CFI, GFI, IFI and NNFI indexes are higher than 0.90 and RMSEA index is lower than 0.08, which indicates the acceptability of the fit indexes and, as a result, the appropriate fit of the confirmatory factor analysis model with the data. The results of the calculations performed to estimate the reliability of the scale factors showed that the value of the alpha coefficient for the subscales of motivation, self-confidence, anxiety control, mental preparation, team emphasis, concentration respectively are to 0.72, 0.81, 0.77, 0.78, 0.77 and 0.78. In order to check the time reliability, the test-retest was performed after two weeks. 47 athletes (including 28 girls and 19 boys) completed the scale again. The retest results showed that the intragroup correlation coefficient of the subscales is between 0.73 and 0.91. The results of the test-retest show that the intragroup correlation of its components is at the optimal level with a 95% confidence interval. The finding of this study showed that the Persian version of the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports, Youth Version is valid and reliable to evaluate sport motivation in Iranian society.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the validation and psychometric properties of We-ness questionnaire. The method of the research is descriptive and of the type of psychometric studies. The statistical population of the present study included all married people in Sistan and Baluchistan province, and 314 people were selected from this population by available sampling method. The tools for collecting information were our questionnaire (Topcu-Uzer et al., 2021), Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Busby et al., 1995) and Marital Burnout questionnaire (Pines, 1996). Confirmatory factor analysis, content validity, convergent and divergent validity were used to check the validity of the questionnaire. The results of the research showed that the of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the suitability of the model and the structure of the internal relationships of the items. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest were used to check the reliability of the questionnaire, the results showed that our questionnaire has good internal stability and reliability in the Iranian sample, respectively (0.95, 0.68). To examin the convergent validity, Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale was used and to examine the divergent validity, Marital Burnout Questionnaire was used which the results showed that our questionnaire has good criterion validity (0.73, -0.59).

The current study aims to validate and explore the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale (SRRS). A total of 150 prisoners in Chenaran who were addicted to substances, were randomly chosen to complete two scales: The Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale's Japanese version (SRRS) and the Post-Detoxification Craving and Temptation Scale (PDCTS). An exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor structure, accounting for 77.54 percent of the variance. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis corroborated a satisfactory model fit. The Cronbach's alpha values registered at 0.94 for the entire scale, with subscale figures ranging from 0.92 to 0.95. Both convergent and divergent construct validity received positive evaluations. Overall, the SRRS exhibits a multifaceted structure and stands as a robust and valid tool for assessing relapse risk among substance users, offering significant implications for health and medical service provision.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the psychometric properties of the attributed traits scale specific to the situation in the conflicts of Iranian couples. The statistical population was married students of Tehran universities in 2023, of which 249 married students were selected based on available sampling.  The research tools were the situation-specific attribute scale in couple conflicts (CSCS; Backer-Fulghum et al., 2016), the marital happiness scale (MHS; Arzin et al., 1973), and the marital conflict questionnaire (MCQ; Sanai, 2000). To check the validity and reliability of the scale, convergent and divergent validity were used by calculating Pearson's correlation, Cronbach's alpha test, and binomial coefficient. The results showed that the scale has good reliability according to the calculated Cronbach's alpha (0.94) and dichotomization coefficient (0.93). Based on the high correlation between CSCS and marital happiness scale (r=-0.491) and marital conflicts questionnaire (r=0.532), it can be said that this scale has favorable convergent and divergent validity. To check the construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis was performed and the validity of the scale was confirmed. The correlation coefficient of the retest CSCS was calculated to be significant and equal to 0.994. These results show that the Persian version of CSCS has adequate validity and reliability, and as a result, couple therapists and psychotherapists can use it as a valid tool in working with Iranian couples.

Problem solving is one of the most important skills that all people, especially students, should learn in order to be able to use it when facing life's challenges and problems. In collaborative problem solving, the work is divided among the members of a group and they use their skills and knowledge to find a suitable solution. The current research was conducted with the aim of creating a standard tool to measure students' collaborative problem solving skills.The present research method was descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of the study included 2500 Students of Farhangian University of Kerman in the academic year 1401-1400, of which 335 people were selected by random sampling based on Morgan's table. The form and content validity of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed by 5 experts in the field of psychology and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha method and confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26, LISREL and SmartPLS software.Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated as 0.96. Factor loads of all subscales with relevant items were greater than 0.4, all of which were significant (p <0.001). The values of Cronbach's alpha and the combined reliability coefficient for the subscales were calculated to be more than 0.7, which confirms the internal and external reliability of the subscales. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicate a stronger relationship of the subscales of following participation rules, communicating with team members and explaining roles and team organization with collaborative problem solving. Therefore, it can be concluded that the skills of effective communication and teamwork among students are weak and the training of these skills should be included in the agenda of schools and universities.

The death of a loved one, especially when it happens tragically or prematurely, could rock the foundations of our hypothetical world and our relationship with God and the world (Neimeyer, 2019) and cause deep challenges (Neimeyer, Prigerson& Davies, 2002). Complicated spiritual grief is a crisis during bereavement that endangers the bereaved person’s sense of relationship with God or the religious community as they struggle to re-establish spiritual balance after the loss of a loved one (Holland, Burke, Neimeyer et al., 2014). As for complicated spiritual grief in Iran, there has been no scale to determine the psychometric properties thereof, nor has such a scale become normative in the country. The Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief (ICSG) is a 5-point scale that is used to measure post-grief meaning.  The ICSG has been used and validated by Neimeyer et al. (2014) and Holland Burke. However, the scale has not been investigated or psychometrically tested in Iranian society. The present research aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the ICSG in relation to the Iranian sample.
The research sample included 215 bereaved women in the Iranian city of Ardabil who were selected on an available basis. Then, they responded to the research tool. In the study, the ICSG (Holland, Burke and Neimeyer et al., 2014) and the Grief Experience Questionnaire (Barrett and Scott, 1989) were used. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25 and AMOS version 24 software tools. The SPSS software was used for descriptive analysis, and the AMOS software was used for combined reliability (CR) and factor analysis.
 
The face, content and structure validity of the research showed that the ICSG has appropriate validity and reliability. The scale’s convergent validity was confirmed to be (AVE>0/50). The internal consistency reliability of the ICSG was assessed using composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and an alpha coefficient of 0.73-0.81 confirmed the reliability of the dimensions of the scale. In addition, the correlation results pertaining to the variables of the research showed that the ICSG has a significant correlation with the grief experience scale (p<0.01).
 
Overall, the findings of the research indicated that the 18-item Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief has strong internal consistency and convergent and incremental validity, and that the scale supports a two-factor model for measuring doubt in God and impairment of the person’s religious faith. Thus, the results of the present research showed that the ICSG has good validity and reliability for the Iranian sample.

The present study aimed to develop a native scale for measuring successful transition from university to work based on the researchers' database and to examine its psychometric properties.  The research employed a descriptive test-making approach. A sample of 436 final-semester undergraduate students from Isfahan University was selected using convenience sampling. Item analysis, content, face, simultaneous criterion validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were utilized to assess the factor structure of the scale, while Cronbach's alpha coefficient and retest reliability were examined for its reliability.  Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor, 9-item structure with good fit indices. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the validity of the scale. Convergent validity was supported by significant positive correlations between the scale dimensions and the career employability scale and the career decision-making self-efficacy questionnaire. Divergent validity was confirmed through correlations between the scale dimensions and the career indecision questionnaire. Internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, was high at 0.89, indicating good reliability. The retest coefficient, conducted with a two-week interval, was 0.86. These results supported the adequacy of the measurement scale for assessing successful transition from university to work.  The native successful transition scale presents a new and reliable tool for measuring students' successful transition from university to work.

Physical appearance perfectionism, which refers to the desire for a flawless physical appearance, was the focus of the study. The study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale (PAPS) in a sample of Iranian adult women. A convenience sample of 324 adult women completed the PAPS, Tehran's multidimensional perfectionism (TMPS), and social appearance anxiety (SAAS) scales. Validity and reliability were checked using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and internal consistency. The results confirmed the 2-factor structure of this scale, with both worry about imperfection and hope for perfection subscales showing a significant positive correlation with the scores of the Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Questionnaire and Social Appearance Anxiety Questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the subscales was 0.90 and 0.89, respectively, and 0.90 for the total score. These findings suggest that the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale (PAPS) demonstrates good validity and reliability in Iranian adult women.