جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "رژیم غذایی" در نشریات گروه "تربیت بدنی"

Success in weight loss is the dream of all obese people, and its achievement depends on many factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between weight loss and physical activity، sleep quality of obese and overweight people after participating in a diet program.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population consisted of obese and overweight people who referred to Minoo Zeraati Nutrition Clinic in Rasht. The statistical sample of 420 people included 378 women with an average age of 39.59+11.15 and BMI of 30.88+3.06 and as well as 42 men with an average age of 38.11+45.35 and BMI of32.75+4.2. The participants were selected using an available sampling method. Data collection was done through Beck physical activity questionnaires, Pittsburgh sleep quality and a question about the amount of weight loss after a normal diet (50%carbohydrate, 20%protein and 30%fat). Statistical analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation coefficient test and stepwise regression in SPSS-23 software.

The results showed that there was a significant and positive correlation between the level of physical activity and the amount of weight loss (r=0.139,p=0.004) and there was a significant and negative correlation between sleep disorder and the amount of weight loss (r=-0.104,p=0.033).

The results showed that higher physical activity level and better sleep quality were associated with more weight loss in obese and overweight people after participating in the diet program. Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned factors will increase the probability of success in losing weight with diet.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of two resistance training systems on muscle strength in men with a history of resistance training. The research was designed as a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test format. The statistical population included men with a history of resistance training, with an average age of 28.25±2.55 years, height of 179.04±4.25 cm, and weight of 80±6.97 kg, who had at least 4 years of resistance training experience and had been training continuously for 6 months. In this study, 24 participants were randomly divided into two groups: the first group (split training) with a pre-training weight of 80.40±8.03 kg, height of 180.25±5.22 cm, and age of 26.83±3.06 years; and the second group (full-body training) with a pre-training weight of 80.87±6.09 kg, height of 177.83±3.51 cm, and age of 29.66±3.55 years. Both groups performed resistance training three times a week for six weeks, with three sets of 8-10 repetitions per set, along with a progressive increase in intensity (0 to 5% increase per week, with a week of adaptation). Data analysis included the ShapiroWilk test to assess the normal distribution of the data, and the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests to compare differences between the groups. The results showed no significant difference in muscle strength between the fullbody and split training groups. Both groups exhibited a significant increase in muscle strength, and changes in caloric intake and macronutrients were observed. However, the differences in muscle strength between the two groups were not statistically significant, and overall body weight did not change significantly.

Nowadays, obesity has become a global challenge, and the use of strategies based on diet and exercise is recommended by experts and researchers for weight management. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) during a ketogenic diet on the serum levels of irisin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and lipid profile of inactive overweight and obese women.

Thirty-six inactive overweight and obese female students were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n=12) of ketogenic diet, ketogenic diet with MICT, and ketogenic diet with HIIT. The ketogenic diet with MICT group performed continuous running aerobic training with moderate intensity of 60-70% of the maximum heart rate for six weeks, three sessions per week, while, the ketogenic diet with HIIT group performed interval running at an intensity corresponsing to 85-95% of the maximum heart rate in 4-minute intervals. During this period all groups followed a low-carbohaydrate diet and the ketogenic diet group had no regular exercise. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before first training session and 48 hours after the last training session. Serum levels of PGC-1α, UCP1 and irisin were measured by ELISA technique and blood lipid profile was measured by colored enzyme assay method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and Bonferroni's post-hoc test were used for data analysis.

According to the results of ANOVA, the interaction effect of time in group was significant for the serum levels of irisin (p=0.011), UCP1 (p=0.003) and high-density lipoprotein (p=0.001). The results of the post-hoc test showed that the ketogenic diet group with HIIT had a significant increase in irisin (p=0.009) and high-density lipoprotein (p=0.001) compared to the ketogenic diet alone. There was no significant difference between the two training groups during ketogenic diet (p>0.05), though, within-group significant differences were detected in both training groups (p˂0.05). However, no significant between-group differences were observed in serum levels of PGC-1α, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (p>0.05).

Based on the findings of the present study, it seems that performing both types of continuous aerobic exercise with moderate intensity and intense interval along with the ketogenic diet is more effective than the ketogenic diet in terms of activating the browning pathways of adipose tissue and improving the blood lipid profile, in overweight and obese women. However, the ketogenic diet with HIIT showed better effectiveness than the ketogenic diet with MICT for irisin and high-density lipoprotein.

Degradation of autophagy is associated with hepatic fat accumulation. Although the increase in autophagy flux through diet, exercise, and hypoxia effectively improves the fatty liver, its molecular mechanisms are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nutrition and exercise on hypoxia and normoxia on liver autophagy.

Twenty-four male Wistar rats (weight=165±9 grams) were randomly divided into the normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet+ normoxia exercise (HFD+NE), and high-fat diet+ hypoxia exercise (HFD+HE). The exercise was performed in three weekly sessions for 12 weeks at 68 to 80 percent of maximal aerobic velocity in normoxia (high about 50 meters) and hypoxic-hypobaric (high about 3000  meters). In the end, tissue samples were collected to measure the liver fat content and Atg5 and Ulk1 gene expression changes. Data were analyzed using ANOVA tests (p<0.05).

Compared to the ND group, liver fat increased in the HFD group, and the expression of Atg5 and Ulk1 decreased (p<0.05). The increased liver fat in the training groups was lower than in the HFD group (p<0.05). Although exercise reduces decreasing expression of Atg5 caused by the high-fat diet, it was not significant. Ulk1 was higher in the HFD+HE group than in all groups (p<0.05).

The regulation of autophagy genes by exercise is probably an effective mechanism in preventing liver fat accumulation. Although hypoxia training had a more significant effect on the autophagy genes, it had not an additional effect on reducing liver fat content.

This study investigated the effect of different exercise intensities in hypoxia and normoxia on liver fat content and endurance performance of rats.

Methods & Materials:

 48 male Wistar rats (5 weeks) were randomly divided into groups of normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet and moderate-intensity training (HFD-MICT), high-fat diet and hypoxia moderate-intensity training. (HFD-HMICT), high-fat diet and high-intensity interval training (HFD-HIIT), high-fat diet and hypoxia high-intensity interval training (HFD-HHIIT). After determining the maximum aerobic velocity, the exercises were performed for 12 weeks and three sessions per week in normoxia (altitude ̴of 50 m) and hypoxia-hypobaric (altitude ̴ 3000 m).

The results showed that weight, liver fat content, and leukocyte number were higher in the HFD group, and endurance performance was lower than in all groups (p<0.05). The lowest rate of weight gain and fat content and the highest endurance performance were in the high-intensity interval training groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between HFD-HHIIT and HFD-HIIT groups. Endurance performance in MICT groups was lower than in HIIT groups. The increase in aerobic performance under hypoxic conditions was independent of RBC and HGB changes.

MICT in hypoxia did not bring additional benefits in reducing liver fat content compared to normoxia. The increase in endurance performance in the HFD-HHIIT group is independent of changes in blood factors related to oxygen transport capacity; probably, the intervention of this research does not induce sufficient stimulation for blood changes due to short-term exposure to hypoxia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Rasht municipal employees and compare the level of physical activity (PA), metabolic risk factors and their eating habits with non-MetS employees.

1007 employees participated in this study (age: 43.3±9.2 years, 800 men, 207 women) and their height, weight, body mass index, fat percentage, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure were measured. Beack questionnaire and a national standard questionnaire were used to assess the level of PA and eating habits, respectively. The MetS was diagnosed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) index. Kruskal-Wallis and Yeoman-Whitney tests were used to analyze the data at a significance level of P<0.05.

Based on the results, 18.4% of employees had MetS and 58.3% of them had low levels of PA. Chi-squared test showed a significant relationship between the level of PA and the prevalence of MetS (X2=10.4, P=0.005), so that the percentage of employees with MetS at the high, moderate and low level of PA was 10.4, 15.4 and 21.5, respectively. Also high level of PA, TG and HDL levels in male, WC in female, and FBS in both sexes were not different from non-MetS employees (P<0.05); while these factors at the moderate and low level of PA were significantly different (P<0.05). The MetS was inversely associated with weekly consumption of fruits and fish (P<0.05) and was directly associated with consumption of fried foods in three daily meals (P<0.01).

The risk of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is lower in employees who have a higher level of physical activity, and having a high level of physical activity can be an effective solution in controlling some components of metabolic syndrome, such as TG, FBS, and WC. Also, in addition to improving the level of physical activity, increasing the consumption of fruits and fish can be effective in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome among employees.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular complications of diabetes and since physical activity in diabetic patients can affect the structure and function of the myocardium, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of HIIT training on the content of NF-kB and Wnt proteins in the heart muscle tissue of Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes.

In the present study, 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (each group including five rats) Control+Healthy, Exercise+Healthy, Control+Diabetes, and Exercise+Diabetes. After a period of high-fat diet and then after induction of diabetes, animals in Exercise+Diabetes and Exercise+Healthy groups performed the training protocol for eight weeks and five sessions per week. 48 hours after the last training session, cardiac tissue was extracted and the expression levels of NF-kB and Wnt proteins were assessed using Western blotting. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at a significance level of less than 0.05. Also, mixed ANOVA test was used to evaluate changes in weight and glucose levels of rats in different stages and weeks of training.

The results showed that the relative Levels of NF-kB and Wnt proteins in Control+Diabetes and Exercise+Eiabetes groups is significantly more than healthy groups (P = 0.001). Also, the Levels of Wnt protein in the Exercise+Diabetes group was significantly less than the Control+Diabetes group (P = 0.001), While the Levels of NF-κB protein in the Exercise+Diabetes group did not show a significant difference compared to the Control+Diabetes group. The results of mixed ANOVA test on mean weight changes show that the weight of rats in Control+Diabetes and Exercise+Diabetes groups was significantly higher (P = 0.001) than the beginning of training and use of high-fat diet to the stage before STZ injection and in the last week. In addition, at the end of the training protocol was significantly became less (P = 0.001). Also, blood glucose levels of Control+Diabetes and Exercise+Diabetes groups was significantly higher (P = 0.001 and 0.003, respectively) at one week after STZ injection and was significantly lower in the Exercise+Diabetes group at the end of the training protocol (P=0.001).

Finally, it should be noted that high-intensity intermittent exercise could potentially affect myocardial structure and function and be promising as a non-pharmacological solution.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three months of lifestyle interventions including unsupervised moderate intensity aerobic exercise and low-calorie diet on hormonal, metabolic and anthropometric parameters in overweight and obese infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The method of this study was experimental with pretest-posttest design and applied approach. Among infertile women with PCOS referred to Arash Hospital in Tehran, 20 women (age 27.9±2.5 years, weight 81.36±8.05 kg and body mass index 30.27±1.97 kg/m2) were selected as the statistical sample and randomly were divided into two experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. Exercise program and diet were prescribed based on the demographic characteristics of the experimental group. Hormonal, metabolic and anthropometric parameters of the subjects were measured before and after three months.Intragroup comparison was performed with paired sample t-test and intergroup comparison with ANKOVA test in spss software (P<0.05). In the experimental group, a significant decrease in antimullerian hormone (P=0.016) and total testosterone (P=0.000) was observed. Also, weight, BMI, WC, WHR (P=0.000), systolic blood pressure (P=0.003), fasting blood glucose (P=0.019), TG (P=0.000) and LDL (P=0.035) significantly decreased and HDL (P=0.002) significantly increased. Therefore, it is recommended that this type of interventions be prescribed before or simultaneously with medical treatment for overweight and obese infertile women with PCOS.

 Overweight is recognized as one of the biggest health problems in the world. Obesity not only causes limitations in life but also causes many metabolic and respiratory diseases. The best way to reduce this obesity is to balance the energy consumed and consumed. The purpose of the present study was to compare the aerobic and Pilates exercise with weight loss diet on respiratory and anthropometric indices of overweight and obese women.

This experimental study was performed as pretest and posttest in Tehran. Women in their 30s and 50s who were overweight and obese (BMI above 25) were randomly selected and were divided into experimental groups (n = 10) and control (n = 11) (n = 21). Participants in the experimental group were involved in aerobics classes for 8 weeks (3 times a week) and they also went on a weight loss diet. The control group did not have any activity, but they were also given a weight loss diet. Body composition and spirometry were used to measure body composition (Weight, body mass index, lean mass and body fat percentage) and respiratory indics (Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, Forced vital capacity), respectively. Then, using SPSS software version 21, the data were analyzed with t-tests for independent groups.

Weight loss was significant in both aerobic (P = 0.01) and control (P = 0.04). The percentage of body fat and lean mass did not differ significantly between the two groups. Among the respiratory indicators, the volume of forced exhalation increased significantly in the first second in the aerobic group (P = 0.05). Compulsory vital capacity did not differ significantly in either group over 8 weeks (P = 0.15) and (P = 0.37).

8-week aerobic exercise with weight loss diet more effective than diet without physical activity on anthropometric and respiratory parameters and reduce the risk of obesity in people.

Exercise training and weight loss diet are known to be effective interventions for improving blood pressure control. However, there is no comprehensive meta-analytical study comparing the effect of exercise with weight loss diet versus weight loss diet alone on blood pressure in individual with overweight and obesity.

The PubMed and Cochrane Library Magiran, Sid and Google Scholar databases were searched until February 2016 for Persian and English articles. Meta-analyses were conducted to compare the effect exercise training with weight loss diet compared to weight loss diet alone. Therefore, WMD and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random or fixed effect models. Moreover, I2 test was used to determine heterogeneity and funnel plot and Egger test was used to determine publication bias.

The results of meta-analysis of 48 interventions showed that exercise training with diet has significant effects on reducing systolic blood pressure at the rate of 1.53 mm Hg compared to diet alone [-1.53, (CI:-2.44 to -0.62), p=0.001]. Also, exercise with diet leads to a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure at the rate of 1.50 mm Hg compared to diet alone [-1.50 (CI:-2.35 to -0.65), p < 0.001].

The results of the present study showed that adding exercise training to the weight loss diet could have more effects on lowering blood pressure.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of calorie restriction (standard diet and low-carb diet) in combination with aerobic exercise on the adipokines that are affective on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic male rats. In an experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats (age 10 weeks, weight 229±19.5g) were randomly divided equally into six groups after diabetes induction. Group1: Diabetic control, group 2: 20% negative balance calorie with aerobic exercise, group 3: 20% caloric restriction with standard diet, group4: 20% caloric restriction with low carbohydrate diet, group 5: 20% caloric restriction with standard diet aerobic exercise and group6: 20% calorie restriction with low-carb diet aerobic exercise. Then 20% of negative energy balance was carried out on a daily basis of all groups for 8 weeks. Results showed that exercise alone and in combination with low-carb diet caused a significant increase in the Omentin-1 compared to diabetic control group (P≤0.05). But no significant differences were observed in the chemerin between the experimental groups with diabetic control group. The results also showed that the standard diet group and the low-carbohydrate diet alone and in combination with exercise were significantly improved insulin resistance (P≤0.05). This study showed that combination of aerobic exercise and low carbohydrates diet can increase Omentin-1 and improve insulin sensitivity in rats with type 2 diabetes.

Body building sport is probably most dependent to balanced and scientific nutrition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design and evaluation of computerized diet programs on the performance and anthropometric parameters in body builders.
In a semi-experimental study, seven male bodybuilder students were selected. One week of their regular diet analyzed by nutritional evaluation and diet therapy software for energy and nutrients. Then, one week balanced diet was designed with the software according to body builders’ dietary and exercise requirements (Energy=3000 kcal, 55-65 percent by carbohydrates, 20-25 percent by fat, 18 -20 percent by protein). The effectiveness of the diet was evaluated before and after diet therapy by comparison of weight, body fat percent, circumferences (waist, hip, arm, thigh and wrist), muscular strength, muscle force, and 24 h urine urea and creatinine concentrations. Daily diet consumption analysis was done by the software. Subjects had their regular training exercise during both periods (three sessions of weight training per week). To evaluate the effectiveness of balanced diet, dependent t-test was implemented and Pearson's regression also was used to find any relation between parameters (p The results of this research showed significant increase in the chest, arm, andthigh circumferences as well as standing long jump, vertical jump, hand dynamometry, lift dynamometry, one repetition maximum leg press, curl up, and pull-up chest press and a significant decrease in the body fat percent and chest circumference has seen found (p With regard to the results of this research it may conclude that a designed balanced diet in term of energy and macronutrients when considered individual and sporting requirements as well as appropriate training needs is able to improve body composition, anthropometric parameters and athletic performance without necessary for supplementation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of combined aerobic-resistance training on lipid profile and liver enzymes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease under diet. 19 male patients (age: 38.1±8.2 years and BMI of 28.1±3.8 Kg/m2) were randomly divided into two groups of diet and diet plus exercise intervention. Training program included combination of aerobic (50-70 Percent of HRR) and resistance training (50-70 percent of 1RM), eight weeks and three sessions per week. In order to designing dietary regimen, alleviate 400 to 500 kcal/day from total daily calorie intake. Before and after intervention, blood taking, body composition, maximal oxygen consumption, and muscular strength assessment performed. Data were analyzed using dependent and Independent-Samples T test on gain scores, employing the SPSS 18 statistical package program (α≤0.05). The results indicated significant improvement in maximum oxygen uptake (P= 0.0001), and reduction in body composition indexes, TC (P= 0.0001), TG (P= 0.01), LDL (P= 0.004) and TC/HDL (P= 0.0001) in both diet and combined exercise group. In diet group, a considerable improvement was observed in weight (P= 0.01), body mass index (P= 0.01), waist circumference (P= 0.004), waist to hip ratio (P= 0.04), maximum oxygen uptake (P= 0.0001), TC (P= 0.01), LDL (P= 0.005) and TC/HDL (P= 0.003). But between group differences were not significant. This study showed that eight weeks of diet alone and combined with diet have no significant effect on liver enzymes in non alcoholic fatty liver patients, but induce increase in maximal oxygen consumption and improvement in lipid profile in patients with non alcoholic fatty liver. However, there is not significant difference between two groups. Insufficient period of intervention (diet and exercise), frequency and intensity of training may be the possible causes of ineffectiveness of exercise and diet on above-mentioned variables.

Metabolic Syndrome (Mets) is a cluster of risk factors such as obesity، hyperglycemia، hypertension، dislipidemia which increases cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this research was to investigate comparison the effect of aerobic training and diet on BMI and Metabolic Syndrome Indexes in overweight and obese women. Twenty one patient female volunteers were selected. After the complement of questionnaires، they were randomly divided into two groups; a) aerobic training with diet group (n=11) and b) diet group (n=10). The first group who took part in weekly group sessions for instructing on weight loss (low calorie diet) with the exercise. The second group who took part in weekly group sessions for instruction on weight loss (low calorie diet). Anthropometric characteristics (PBF، BMI، WHR، WC)، VO2peak، and risk factors of metabolic syndrome such as blood pressure، glucose and total cholesterol were measured in several times. Data were analyzed by GLM-Repeated Measures in significance level of P<0/05. Both groups showed a significant reduction in weight، BMI، body Fat percent، mean arterial and systolic blood pressure and an increase in VO2max. Only the first group (aerobic training with diet group) showed a significant decrease in waist circumference، diastolic blood pressure and cholesterol. The Combined program (aerobic training with diet) is more effective on BMI، lowering blood pressure and abdominal fat and provides improvements in Metabolic Syndrome Indexes in overweight/ obese women.