جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه ".اعتباریابی" در نشریات گروه "تربیت بدنی"

How the use of political behavior in organizations plays a significant role in the behavior and emotions of individuals. The behavior of a natural policy is decided in the behavior of an organization through which conflicts and differences between groups and stakeholders can be examined and resolved. This descriptive-correlational research is a survey and is one of the applied researches that was conducted in the field. The population of this study was employees of sport and youth departments in the northwest of the country (699 people); According to Morgan's table, the questionnaire was given to 248 people. A questionnaire was constructed to assess the content or face validity of 5 professors of sports management and 7 employees of sports organizations with work experience and experts in subject area. Bartlett test was used to determine the correlation between variables. Due to the significance of the questionnaire dimensions (Sig: 0.001); Factor analysis assumptions were validated, the use of factor analysis was unrestricted, and constructed factors were valid; the number of samples was also sufficient for factor analysis. Political behaviors in sports organizations are very complex in diagnosis and judgment, and models such as the present study can help their multidimensional and process perception.

The purpose of this study was to validate the factors affecting the social capital status of sports in Iran (a case study of sports elites). The research method is mixed or in combination, according to the purpose of the research. The statistical population of the study included managers and officials of sports clubs and athletes and students of physical education. SPSS Sample Power software was used to determine the sample size in a small step. Using this method, the sample size was estimated to be 370 people, of which 370 questionnaires were distributed and collected among the statistical population. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The questions of this section were obtained based on the model obtained from the qualitative stage of the research. The scoring type of this questionnaire was based on the 5 Likert scale. The validity of the designed questionnaire was approved by 10 professors in the field of sports management. The questionnaire also consisted of 5 main components: causal factors, contextual factors, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. Also, to validate the desired model of the model, structural equation modeling of the confirmatory factor analysis approach is used. AMOS software was used for this purpose. The results showed confirmation of items and factors in the first and second order confirmatory factor analysis tests, meaning that the factor loads of items and factors were higher than 0.4.

(The present research was conducted with the purpose of building and validating the questionnaire of emerging sports media.) (The method of the current research was descriptive of the correlation type and confirmatory factor analysis type, and it was also practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research consisted of all experts and experts in the field of sports and media with a bachelor's degree or higher in the year 1400. A simple number of 384 people (with emphasis on the adequacy of the Cochran sample size formula) was selected as a statistical sample.) (The results showed that the newly developed sports media questionnaire has 62 questions and 7 components (information, social participation, educational nature, culture building, media independence, legitimacy and motivational nature) and in terms of psychometric It has good reliability, validity and fit.) (Considering the importance of emerging sports media, factor analysis questionnaire of emerging sports media can be used for identification and studies related to emerging sports media.)

The purpose of this research was development and psychometric evaluation of the football stadium atmosphere scale with the marketing approach.

The research was conducted in three sections. In the first section to identify the most important factors that shape the stadium atmosphere, a three-stage Delphi survey was conducted which in the first stage, semi-structured interviews with experts were done and in the next stages, a questionnaire was used and finally after the last review, 80 items were specified. In the second section, 80 items specified in the previous study, formed a questionnaire and after confirmation of its validation by experts it was distributed among spectators in two matches. To reduce variables, exploratory factor analysis was used and finally, 15 factors with 54 items were specified. In the third section, obtained questionnaires from the previous step, based on cluster sampling were distributed among Iranian Primer league spectators. Collected data was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis in the partial least square method to confirm the main factors and to evaluate structural validation.

Based on the result of this test, 8 main affective factors on football stadium atmosphere in Iran were specified which include of sports club's Last performance, perceived respect, stadium, event, facility, organizer, stadium architecture and designing, and spectator’s behavior.

The scale designed in this research can be used in future research and help marketers and football clubs attract and retain their customers.

The aim of the psychometric research was to assess the communication literacy questionnaire among physical education students at Payame Noor University. The research was conducted using a descriptive-survey method, with a developmental objective, and in a field setting. The statistical population consisted of undergraduate physical education students at Payame Noor University (99-98), and a sample of 250 individuals completed the research tool in a non-random accessible manner. A researcher-made questionnaire about the components and indicators of communication literacy was used to collect the data. The validity of the questionnaire structure was confirmed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and its convergent and discriminant validity, as well as reliability, were assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and various fit indices (absolute, relative, and parsimonious). The findings indicated that communication literacy is measurable through three constructs: "sensory, specialized, and relational levels." The sensory construct is measurable with five skill indicators: "observation, listening, smelling, tasting, and touching." The specialized construct is assessable with fifteen skills: "speaking, writing, body language, reading, working with communication technologies, intercultural literacy, advertising literacy, civic literacy, organizational communication, public relations, international relations, emotional intelligence, financial, commercial, and communication research." The relational level construct is also measurable with five communication skill indicators: "intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, public, and transpersonal." Ultimately, it can be concluded that the communication literacy questionnaire is an effective tool for assessing the communication levels of undergraduate physical education students, considering the group nature of the physical education field. With the necessary training, it can lead to improving and developing the understanding and comprehension of various communication methods within the targeted community.

The purpose of this study was to validate a questionnaire affecting the evaluation of sports federations in the country. The research method is mixed or in combination, according to the purpose of the research. They included directors of sports federations and boards, staff members of sports federations and boards, and staff and officials of sports and youth departments. SPSS Sample Power software was used to determine the sample size in a small step. Using this method, the sample size was estimated to be 370 people, of which 370 questionnaires were distributed and collected among the statistical population. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The questions in this section were obtained based on the model derived from the researcher-made questionnaire. The scoring type of this questionnaire was based on the 5 Likert scale. Based on data analysis of 62 basic concepts, 9 main categories were identified. The identified indicators included managerial and financial factors, development of sports infrastructure, development of physical and equipment resources, educational factors, support and planning affairs, information technology, control and supervision, and cultural factors. The results showed the confirmation of items and factors in the first and second order confirmatory factor analysis tests, which means that the factor loads of items and factors were higher than 0.4. Finally, considering the growing trend of sports in the world arena, the enlightened managers of the federations should put this criterion at the top of the programs in developing their programs, and by evaluating and measuring performance,

The purpose of study is to construct and validate the image tool of the Iranian athlete brand.

The research method was descriptive and a survey. The statistical population consisted of students of sport sciences in Isfahan Universitys. 302 participants answered the questionnaire. They selected by random sampling method. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. There were 49 items. Face and content validity were examined. Cronbach's alpha and exploratory analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to examine the construct validity.  

Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the athlete's brand image scale has 49 explicit factors, 12 hidden second-level and 4 hidden third-level factors. The personal image of athlete brand includes, attractiveness appearance (4 items) and personal life (5 items), the social image of athlete brand includes, myth (4 items), social attractiveness (5 items), athlete relationship (3 items) and social responsibility (7 items) , the cultural image of athlete brand includes, protocol (3 items) and religion (3 items) and sport image of athlete brand includes, body fitness (3 items), sport success (3 items), athlete expertise (5 items) and racing style (6 items). Cronbach's alpha reliability for the 12 components ranged from 0/74 to 0/91. The   results show goodness of fit the athlete's brand image model.

The cultural, social and personal aspects of the athlete, along with the sporting aspect, create a good image of the Iranian athlete's brand. Future researchers can be used of this tool to determine the brand image characteristics of Iranian athletes.

The study is to validate the questionnaire of affecting factors on people's tendency to sports activity in Parks. The statistical population consisted of users of Isfahan sport parks for sport activities. The sample size was 450 and the sampling method was clustering. The questionnaire was a researcher-made questionnaire and was taken from interviews with participants in park activities. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was measured by sport management experts, exploratory factor analysis for factor extraction, Cronbach's alpha tests for reliability of questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity in SPSS and AMOS software. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed 14 factors affecting the people's tendency to sports activity in Parks: sports institutionalization, sport training, need for sports equipment and places, the quality of sports places, quality and installation of sports equipment and devices, women's sports environments and places, development of sports facilities in the park, development of side facilities and amenities of the park, financing, general motivation, oral advertising, informing the public, mental and security. Confirmatory factor analysis results also showed that all questions were of appropriate and acceptable factor loading. The fitting indices of the confirmatory factor analysis model also confirmed the fit of the model. Given that the present questionnaire is validated among the citizens of the country, it is recommended that researchers in future research use the approved questionnaire of the present study to investigate the factors affecting people's tendency to sport activity in parks in different cities and provinces of the country.

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the image of sports events’ host city .

The research follows a descriptive survey approach and is practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of university students from whom 400 people were selected through the stratified random sampling method. For collecting the data, Boyon and Zhang's (2010) 21-item questionnaire, which had 5 components of city infrastructure, attractions, money value, traveling pleasure, and revisiting, was used. The method of scoring items was based on the 5-point Likert scale (from totally disagree to totally agree). The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the sport management professors after translating it to Persian. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data, Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to determine the construct validity using SPSS and AMOS software.

The findings of the research showed the internal consistency of the questionnaire for the image of sports events’ host city. Regarding the construct validity, it was found that all of the items had a significant relationship with the components and could be good predictors of them. Good fitness indices also confirmed the fitness of the model. Additionally, regarding the relationship of components with the concept of the image of sports events’ host city, the results showed that all components could be good predictors of the said concept.

One of the most important factors in the development of individual-social skills and responsibility among adolescents and young people, which has been mentioned in numerous researches, is sports and participation in sports settings. Sport is a place for people’s social interaction and leads students to social responsibility. The purpose of this study was to determine the construct validity and examine the internal consistency of the Persian version of the Li personal and social responsibility questionnaire among female athlete students.

The present research is a descriptive and correlational study that investigates the factor structure of the individual and social responsibility questionnaires. The research community consisted of female athlete students participating in the 13th Cultural-Sport Olympiad of Iran’s Medical Sciences Universities in 1396, 220 of which were selected randomly as a statistical sample.Confirmatory factor analysis based on the structural equation model was used to examine the factor structure of the questionnaire. The SPSS 16 and LISERL 8.8 were used for data analysis.

The results of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis using the Maximum likelihood estimation method indicated that in the measurement model, the numbers and parameters of the model are in good condition and all the numbers and parameters of the model are significant. Also, the results confirmed the fit of the two-factor model of the original questionnaire with 14 questions and that the personal and social responsibility questionnaire has the necessary validity and reliability among the athlete students.

In general, it can be said that the Persian version of the individual and social responsibility questionnaire of athletes is a useful tool in evaluating responsibility in individual and social dimensions and can be used in research with multidimensional structures in which responsibility is considered as one of these dimensions.

The present study was conducted with the aim of building and validating the questionnaire of students' free time. The method of the current research was a descriptive correlation type and a confirmatory factor analysis type. The statistical population of the research included all the citizens of Khorram-Abad city in 1401 at the city level and football schools and art schools, language centers, cultural-educational centers, etc. 237 people were selected as a statistical sample. The results showed that the questionnaire of students' free time factor analysis has 12 questions and 4 components (financial-livelihood concern; educational-educational concern; modern and urban lifestyle; child's interest and talent) and in terms of psychometric reliability, It has good validity and elegance. The factor analysis questionnaire of students' free time can be used for studies related to students' free time.

The purpose of this study was to standardize the Art education curriculum orientation questionnaire for primary school teachers and the method was survey research. In this study, the original version of the Filani art education curriculum orientation questionnaire (2003) translated to Persian and it re-translated and corrected. Then, final form was prepared for implementation. The statistical society included all primary school teachers in Mashhad in the academic year 2020-2021 (13259 people) that 360 teachers participated in the study. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated from three aspects of content reliability, structure and correlation between subscales. Examination of the comment of experts and teachers indicated the content reliability of this tool. In order to evaluate the construct reliability, the factor structure of the questionnaire was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis with maximum likelihood method at the level of covariance matrix and the results showed that the confirmation model has an acceptable fit. Also, all extracted factor loads were higher than 0.40 and the distribution of questions in the subscales was approved. The correlation coefficients between subscales also showed that there are good internal relationships between subscales (P <0.001). To assess the validity of the art education curriculum orientation questionnaire, internal consistency was assessed and Cronbach's alpha coefficients for child-centered, disciplinary and cultural subscales were 0.87, 0.88 and 0.87. According to the findings, it can be said that the art education curriculum orientation questionnaire has desirable psychometric indicators.

The purpose of this study was to construct and validate a competency questionnaire for sports marketing managers with exploratory hybridization approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of sports management professors, managers and marketers of football clubs, members of the football federation marketing committee and Ph.D. students of sport management. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data in a quantity section. To collect data in a quantity section, theoretical sampling and in-depth interview with the elite by 17 people were used. In the quantitative part, 244 questionnaires were collected and analyzed by a questionnaire drawn from the qualitative section and its distribution among the research samples. The face and content validity of the questionnaire, derived from 71 questionnaires, was confirmed by the views of the professors as well as the convergent and divergent validity and the reliability of the questionnaire were approved using Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability. A total of 682 primary codes were obtained. These codes are categorized into 23 groups of codiminders and 4 groups of selected code including core competencies, intelligence, professional and selective were determined. The path coefficient between the competencies of sports marketing managers and the basic competence, intelligence, professional, and operational components were 0.404, 0.511, 0.247 and 0.524, respectively. According to the index value (0.63), GOF = in the general fit assessment, so the measurement model has a good quality. The questionnaire presented in this study can be used as a suitable tool for identifying the competencies of sports club marketing managers.

Measuring instrument of interpersonal and intrapersonal motor coordination has designed and built to provide information about the human movements’ coordination in reach of researchers, trainers and therapists. To evaluate the validation of this instrument with using of Vienna two hands coordination test and present research instrument were asked 28 participants to do the task of two hands, two feet and interpersonal movement coordination. Pearson correlation test showed that the present research instrument has high validation in motor coordination of two hands in total time mean factor of joystick (r =0/88), knob (r =0/96) and in error percentage mean factor of joystick (r =0/89) and knob (r =0/87). Also the results of Cronbach’s alpha showed that present research instrument has appropriate reliability in motor coordination of two hands in total time mean factor of joystick (r =0/89) and knob (r =0/97) and in error time percentage mean factor of joystick  (r =0/81) and knob (r =0/85). Also results indicated acceptable reliability in motor coordination of two feet in total time mean factor of pedals (r =0/90) and in error time percentage mean factor of pedals (r =0/83) and in interpersonal motor coordination in total time mean factor (r =0/91) and in error time percentage mean factor (r =0/80). Therefore using the present study instrument can be offered to sports science laboratories in all higher education institutions, federations and coaches, patients and rehabilitation centers, health and physiotherapy clinics.

The aim of the present study was to validate and standardize the good governance questionnaire in Iran Sport and Youth Ministry. The method was descriptive correlation, applied in terms of objectives, exploratory in terms of nature and field in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of all experts in Iran Sport and Youth Ministry in 2016 (N=320). Based on the Morgan Table, 175 subjects were selected as the statistical sample by simple random sampling method. A 25-item researcher-made questionnaire adapted from A’laei Ardakani (2008) and Olympics Movement good governance global principles (2008) questionnaires was used in a 5-point Likert scale (ranging from very low to very high). The validity of the questionnaire was determined using Lawshe’s validity test and the reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α=0.81). For data analysis, the descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses) statistics with SPSS and Lisrel were used. According to the factor analysis results, the indices of attempt until realization of goals, emphasis on effectiveness of roles and responsibilities, promotion of professional and law-abiding conduct, transparency, capacity building and teamwork, feedback and accountability, and emphasis on knowledge expansion were identified as 7 principles of good governance in Iran Sport and Youth Ministry. The results also indicated that the good governance principles model had a good fit in the said ministry. Finally, it could be declared that given the proposed structural model which is based on the obtained indicators and principles, the model of good governance in Sport and Youth Ministry designs a modern system that can use all the capabilities and capacities of the ministry to provide efficient public and specialized services, growth and development of sport and human resources promotion in the organization.

In the early 21st century, rapid change has transformed so much the working environment of the managers are obliged to find new ways for their actions to adapt to evolution so that they can survive in the domestic and competitive arena. In fact, an organization will be successful that can achieve a competitive advantage. The purpose of the present study was to questionnaire determine validity and reliability of Competitive advantage Scale in the sport. This study was a kind of correlation analysis. The population of the study includes all male customers club sports (fitness and bodybuilding) Zanjan`s gave up. The sample according to the criterion of minimum required sample size for collecting data in the factor analysis, 260 customers were selected as sample.‏ The questionnaire was distributed randomly. To gather the Competitive advantage factors affecting the questionnaire, customers (Hosseini, 2011), which has five components, homogeneous advantage, visible advantage, dynamic advantage, complex advantage, and constant advantage were used the Scoring method based on a Likert scale questions were worth 5. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was determined with the help of ten experts in Sports Sciences. In order to analyze test statistical Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Composite Reliability to determine the reliability of self-test, KMO for sampling adequacy taking, exploratory factor analysis to identify the parameters and confirmatory factor analysis to determine the validity of the statistical software SPSS 18 version and LISREL was used. the results about the relationships of factors with the meaning of Competitive advantage showed that all factors could be a good predictor for the concept of Competitive advantage, finally, the internal and external validity of Competitive advantage model was accepted. According to the approved instrument mentioned in this study, future researchers aimed to determine the extent of advertising by Competitive advantage tool can be used in the exercise.

In this study, Kim and Long (2007) Organizational Justice Questionnaire was validated in sport federations. The statistical population consisted of 703 experts from Iran sport federations and 250 subjects were selected as the final sample of the study. For data analysis, exploratory factor analysis with principal components analysis and Varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis using LISREL 8.8 software were used. Factor analysis of the responses collected from the experts showed that organizational justice instrument was saturated from three factors (distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice) with eigenvalues ​​greater than one, and these factors explained in total 78.98% of total variation of organizational justice scale. Fitness indexes of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed these three factors (RMSEA=0.071, GFI=0.95, NFI=0.96, CFI= 0.98, χ2</sup>/df=2.13). Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.88) indicated that organizational justice instrument had an acceptable reliability to be used in sport federations and organizations.

Using appropriate devices and scientific methods can accelerate the process of sport talent identification and development to achieve championship level, and could also provide condition in which capable and talented athletes obtain highest level performance rapidly, so they will have long life championship. Former researches in scope of sport talent identification usually have been done in order to determine or normalize effective parameters. The purpose of this study was to design football talent identification algorithm based on fuzzy logic which classifies the football athletes. Due to expert opinion, essential parameters of football talent identification which also used in this software are; Cardio respiratory capacity (Physiology), Agility (Ability of motion), Dribble (technical skill) and Motivation (psychology). Norms of elite football player teenagers (14-16 yrs) are also used as index. Then with considering parameters and index, a fuzzy algorithm is designed which classifies football players in Unmatched, Semi-matched, Matched, Brilliant and Rare class. These results can help trainers and coaches in order to select talented and capable football players. In validation and reliability, records of elite junior Brazilian and Portuguese soccer have compared with norms of Iranian elite soccer.

The lack of a futsal specific test to evaluate the performance (aerobic and anaerobic) of futsal players is quite evident. The purpose of this study was to design and measure the validity and reliability of a specific performance evaluation test for futsal players. 84 male students who members of the university futsal team volunteered to participate in this study (age: 22 ±2.04 years, BMI: 22.3±2.06 kg/m2</sup>). To design the test, the most important futsal techniques and drills were identified based on scientific literature, opinions of coaches, and conditioning and exercise physiology experts. In the end, dribbling, passing, shooting, ball control, jumping, speed running, backward and sideways running were selected, so that the movement pattern was similar to a real futsal game. Then, these selected skills and drills were designed in a tandem and along the route. To categorize the players and evaluate their performance, three coaches were asked to score the subjects from 0 to 100 in three different official games. In order to predict the performance by using each item of the test and total score of the test, multiple and simple regression equations were used, respectively. Validity and reliability of the test were calculated by the use of Spearman correlation coefficient and ICC, respectively. The results showed that there is a negative and significant correlation between coaches scores and the test record (r=0.91, P<0.05). Also, multiple linear regression equation showed that almost all tests drills are valid predictors of final record. Test-retest reliability showed high stability between result of the test. In conclusion, the new test has a high validity and reliability to evaluate the performance of futsal players and can be used by coaches and teachers.

This study aimed to construct and validate a tool to evaluate the perception of political behavior is done.The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth;whose number is 1171 people.In order to estimate the sample size, a sample size was used. Accordingto this, the sample size was estimated at 530 peoplepatients was assessed on the same basis.It is worth noting that this research is descriptive and is a type of correlation study. The face and content validity of the research tool was verified by a group of professors and its construct validity through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation model. For data analysis software Spss, Spss Sample Powerand Amos were used.The results showed that the result of Bartlett's sprite test was at a significant level (Sig = 0.001), which means that the variables are sufficiently correlated to provide a reasonable basis for exploratory factor analysis. The results of model parameters measurements showed that the questionnaire perceived organizational politics is desirable. Finally, the fitting results of the structural model indicate that all components of "general political behaviors, success through cooperation, payment and promotion policies" confirm fit of the model. In general, the results of the research indicate that using the perceptions of political behaviors can be used to measure the characteristics of political behaviors in the Ministry of Sport and other sports organizations. Using this questionnaire can pave the way for many studies in which measurement of perceptions of political behaviors will be of great importance.