جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "طرح های توسعه شهری" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

The present research was carried out in the newly founded city of Elhaei, Ahwaz township (2012) with the aim of measuring the degree of success of previous plans (conducted plans) in terms of achieving goals and extracting the most important obstacles, after inferring non-fulfillment of the previous plans. The SWOT and QSPM models have been used to determine the appropriate strategy to achieve the goals of the new plan (master plan). The method of carrying out this research is descriptive and analytical and it was done by relying on documentary studies and field observations (interviews and questionnaires) by experts of housing and urban planning departments and municipalities. The findings of the t-test at a significant level (0.05) show that this plan has not reached its goals in all five main indicators. Among the 12 indicators defined under the title of obstacles, two indicators (weakness of management factors) and (lack of transparency in land ownership and disproportionate allocation of land uses) have had the greatest impact on the project's failure. Also, in the field of management factors, among the 10 defined items, the weakness of specialized human resources with an average of 3.73 and the lack of allocation of credits to projects with an average of 3.61 have had the greatest impact. In relation to the index of land ownership and determine optimal uses, the item of non-implementation of approved laws with an average of 3.59 and the item of lack of proper communication between consulting engineers and city managers with an average of 3.55 had the greatest impact. Also, based on the SWOT and QSPM models resulting from the review of the joint opinions of housing and urban development and municipality experts, the first priority, the conservative strategy, has been introduced.

A city requires city brand and appropriate strategies for beneficiaries, especially tourists; hence, city development plans can affect the type of city brand orientations. Accordingly, this study was conducted to identify the effective factors to design structural equation modeling (SEM). SEM was employed to rank the factors and find the correlation between them using Forner-Larcker Matrix. This was an applied-correlational study in which, data were collected through convergent mixed methodology, library study, questionnaire, and Semi-structured interviews. Birjand was chosen as the research field and a statistical sample was chosen at descriptive statistics using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Accordingly, 19 subjects were selected from urban experts, and 381 tourists were chosen at the quantitative step using simple random sampling. findings obtained from interviews implied that some points should be considered for the city branding of Birjand. The factors include the significant militarily and academic impact of Birjand on historical aspect and service-based economy of the city, cultural capitals, and the arts that are forgetting, immigration, and implementing the development-driving plans. The research model indicated that city development plans had the highest positive effects on the landscape and mental image regarding city branding plans. Moreover, According to the correlation between components, the highest relationship was between mental image and landscape (0.66).

Today, following the problems caused by the rapid growth and transformation of cities; The preparation and implementation of urban plans is emphasized. Projects that in most cases could not succeed in the planned development of cities despite some positive aspects. The development plans of Tehran city, especially its five-year plans (as the study sample of this research) are not exempted from this rule. One of the measures that can be taken into consideration in the process of correcting the wrong trends and problems of urban development programs is the pathology of urban development plans and programs. Therefore, the main goal of this research is the pathology of the process Preparing, approving, implementing and monitoring the five-year plans of Tehran using the Comprehensive Pathology Model (FPSS). This research is in the category of applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical research in terms of its nature. The required information has been collected by documentary-library and field methods (interview and questionnaire). In order to identify the damages, 15 experts were interviewed and the damages were evaluated (importance level) from the opinions of 43 other experts (in a selective and snowball method) in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the research show that in the first to third five-year development plans of the city of Tehran, 35 damages were common in the respective periods. In terms of drafting stages, the most damage was related to executive and supervisory areas, and in terms of content, content, functional and systemic damages were more than structural and process damages. Adopting non-elitist approaches in developing the program, developing systematic monitoring and supervision systems, and longitudinal and horizontal communication with documents and parallel programs are among the necessary suggestions to improve the system of medium-term development plans of Tehran.

The inefficiency of urban plans has been one of the most challenging issues in urbanism in the fields of urban planning and urban management. Accordingly, despite the providing of various urban development projects that have resulted from these plans, it is evident that they often either do not reach the implementation stage or are abandoned as halfwork.The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes and factors of non-realization of the mentioned projects  between 2018 and 2022. In this study, using the method of interviewing municipal experts, in which 13 experts from Rasht municipality were interviewed through open-ended questions on the causes and factors of non-realization of urban projects and their relationship with the urban management system, Economics,Urban development plans, etc. After analyzing the content of the interviews through the Ishikawa diagram in order to better show the root causes, it became clear that the poor relationship between urban management and traditional planning has many manifestations. The results showed that many factors have played a role in the width and length of each other and in the non-realization of urban projects  in order to correct these deficiencies , different methods can be used such as changing the paradigm  ,modifying the structure of human resources ,strengthening the role of peoples participation,organizational coordination and controlling the land.

The purpose of proposing the desired problem is to achieve a program that can identify the problems of Shahrekord city at transnational, national, regional and local levels and formulate the necessary goals based on that. Using MAXQDA analytical software, sub-, central and selective codes were extracted to identify factors affecting the realization of urban development plans. In order to determine the feasibility of urban development plans on a global scale, first, various sources such as books, articles, reports, various urban development plans were studied, then coding was done using MAXQDA software. Then, the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making model was used to prioritize and rank the factors affecting the realization of urban development plans. By reviewing the specialized research literature, it was determined that various cases have an impact on the non-realization of urban development plans, and in many researches, different mechanisms have an impact on the non-realization. Therefore, the common denominator of most of these researches is the emphasis on structural requirements at the national and regional scale, which is more consistent with the centralized and departmental management model. In addition, the spatial dimensions in the human and natural spheres have an impact on the state of realizability. This impact sometimes is negative on the realizability situation and in some cases it also is positive depending on the conditions governing different areas.

Organizing and ordering the city and how it grows and transforms being fully aware of the various dimensions of its growth and development and controlling its future process requires detailed planning. In this regard, urban development plans have been prepared to better guide their process sustainably. They are considered the most fundamental means of shaping cities based on pre-planned order and plan. Conducting studies and preparing urban development plans are the beginning of improving the physical spatial condition of cities. The present study examines and analyzes urban development plans in Iran using the concepts of planning perspectives and explaining the inefficiency factors of these plans. This research falls under the category of fundamental-developmental research and descriptive-analytical methods. The research method includes library studies in which the basic concepts of planning theory related to development plans have been compiled and evaluated step by step by experts. Based on the obtained results, the criterion of participation and community orientation has an unfavourable situation compared to other criteria. In the staged evaluation of urban development plans, the stages of formulating goals and assessing the current situation have a better status than the stages of decision-making and implementation and evaluation after implementation. Based on this diagnosis, applying these criteria in all stages of preparation and implementation of projects is necessary. Preparing the current plans not only does not respond to many dimensions of the cities, but continuing them in this way and ignoring the basic concepts, has not solved any problems and may cause many problems due to not keeping up with the changes of time.

Today, public participation has become one of the main tools and a key element in the decision-making process in various urban areas with the aim of improving the lives of citizens. In this regard The purpose of this article is to structurally explain the factors affecting citizen participation in the development of Bojnourd.This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature, analytical and exploratory. In terms of combined method, documentary and survey methods have been used. In this regard, after holding interviews with 20 experts and experts in the urban area of Bojnourd as the statistical population of the study, 17 drivers were compiled and weighted using the Delphi technique. Structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) was used to analyze the data and finally Mick Mac analysis method (in order to be effective and efficient) was used.: The most important results of the present study show that organizations related to urban affairs should restructure and reform their relations with citizens in line with macro-plans and national development, and delegate executive operations to participatory institutions (NGOs) and implement them. They emphasize and monitor. Urban affairs officials should pay more attention to the issue (citizens' trust in urban affairs officials) in order to promote participation, so considering the many problems in the development of Bojnourd city in the last decade (after upgrading Bojnourd city from city center to provincial center) The first and most basic step to reform past trends and guide management measures is to promote public participation to improve and accelerate the resolution of urban development problems, so it is worthwhile for managers and decision makers, especially in the local decision-making ranks. Pay special attention to them.

Over the past 50 years since the first research in the field of urban development implementation plans, there has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in the global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to the subject of urban development implementation plans, to identify important and recurring themes alongside analyzing the relationships between authors, journals, and countries in this field. Along with the bibliographic analysis, documents related to the field of urban development implementation plans were reviewed to identify influential indicators in their implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from the Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, and analyzed using scientometric software. These analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, and author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as the most recurrent indicators in this field. The bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. The United States is the most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 and 176 articles. Berke, P. is the most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 and 99 citations. Among the journals examined, "Land Use Policy" has the highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, and the "Journal of the American Planning Association" has the highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among the identified.

The implementation of urban development projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring the success of such projects. While there have been numerous studies on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of policy implementation, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on the subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. The study begins by collecting and categorizing existing research in the field, focusing on three main questions:-What are the key indicators for successful implementation?
-What are urban journals and articles' current trends and performance?
-How do countries and researchers collaborate in this area?
The study also examines the relationships between authors, publishers, and different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for further research and a more structured approach to understanding the implementation process of urban development projects.

This study examined the literature related to implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning. The authors used the Scopus database to extract and collect data, focusing on combining the keywords "implementation-plan" and "evaluation-plan" in the keywords, abstracts, and titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as the final database after filtering out non-article documents. The authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in the slope of the trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 and 2022, possibly due to the global pandemic and the emergence of new related topics. The authors used a four-stage process to analyze the bibliographic subject of the study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis. The authors identified the selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, and main themes and sub-themes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning.

This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation and execution of urban development plans using bibliometrics and systematic analysis. The study considers evaluation as a crucial part of the implementation process and seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation and execution globally. Secondly, it examines the trends and performances of new articles and urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers.
The study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact the implementation process of urban plans. The results show that "performance evaluation," "effectiveness," "land use," "zonation," "participation," "program quality," and "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. The study also highlights the importance of evaluation in the discussion of program implementation and its separability from the implementation process.
Using the scientometric software VOSviewer, the study analyzed 68 keywords related to the bibliographic topic. "Program evaluation" obtained the first place, followed by "Program implementation" and "Program quality." The co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has the highest number of citations and link strength. Additionally, the study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by the software. The "land use policy" journal had the highest link strength, and the "Journal of the American planning association" had the highest number of documents related to this field.
In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in urban development planning. It comprehensively examines the implementation and execution of urban development plans, identifies effective indicators, and investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study highlights the importance of evaluation in the implementation process and its separability from the implementation process.

The main goal of this research was to fill the gap in research on the implementation and execution of urban development projects in the field, as no systematic review of the topic has been conducted from a global perspective since the first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has the evaluation of implementation been systematically reviewed, or the systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as the review of various experiences in the Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with the comprehensive approach that the evaluation of implementation is an integral part of the overall process of implementing and executing urban development projects, this process has been examined from the perspective of bibliometrics and systematic analysis of this field. The main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to the implementation field, where program evaluation is only an important part of its structure, and secondly, using the scientometric software VOSviewer for the first time in this field. In essence, the conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel and exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in the domain of appraising and discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of the literature concerning the urban implementation and execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, and thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to the Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases and undertake comparative evaluations of the results.

The review of urban development plans in Iran in the horizon indicates that a large part of the proposals and estimates in the horizon of this plan have not been realized. One of the main reasons for the ineffectiveness of these plans is the way they face the property rights. A right that is recognized in the country of Iran and based on Islamic law and Sharia; Therefore, it is necessary to examine this topic from the perspective of Islamic thought. Among the emerging ideas in the field of urban planning in the west is the transfer of development right (TDR) approach.This idea was proposed for the first time in order to preserve cultural heritage in America. But is this approach, which is used in urban plans in recent decades in Iran, is expanding and has its roots in Western thought, can it be the answer of Iranian Islamic society? Therefore, in this research, the main goals are, 1. Obtaining the framework of the concepts of rights and the transfer of property development based on religious texts, jurisprudential principles and documentary sources.2. Adapting and reviewing the legal status of owners in the TDR approach is from the perspective of Islamic thought. In this research, while examining the three dimensions, jurisprudence, ethics and law in the approach of transfer of development rights and the compliance of laws related to urban development plans with Islamic jurisprudence and the approach of transfer of development rights, it is tried to make suggestions to benefit from the jurisprudence/ethical rule based To be presented on Islamic thought in urban development plans.

This research is applied and developmental in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in nature. This research is carried out in two stages, first by using documentary studies and existing information resulting from the implementation experiences of urban plans, the legal status of ownership and transfer of the right to development is examined, and in the next stage through studies of religious texts and Shariathe framework of property rights in the religion of Islam is explored.So, the right of ownership in Islam and Islamic thought, focusing on the principle of subordination, is examined in comparison with the right to transfer ownership in the TDR approach, and suggestions are made for the integration of legal structures and the Islamic system in the field of ownership in order to increase the realization of projects. Urban development is provided.

The transfer of development rights (TDR) approach was first considered in New York City and in the United States, the possibility of moving and the right to transfer a license plate to the adjacent license plate in the Zoning Law of 1916a. Based on this plan, the owners were given permission to sell their vertical development right to adjacent land plates, and the parts receiving this right would have the possibility of violating the construction height limit and setback requirements. Various issues are involved in the TDR approach, such as development right, development value, and service recipient and service provider areas.By using the development right transfer approach, the owners of sensitive natural lands, farms, as well as historical and important areas can receive their losses through the sale of their transferable development TDR and voluntarily develop their property in the future.Regarding the jurisprudential aspect of the transfer of development rights, according to the perspective of personal partial dispossession in Islam, people are free to own their property, but according to the interests of the society, some of these rights are deprived by law and government. Regarding the next aspect of citizenship rights, citizenship and ownership, which are considered among new concepts in the West today and are trying to achieve the rights of owners and citizens, are explicitly mentioned in Islam.Regarding the moral aspect, Imam Khomeini mentioned that man is the essence of all beings and the essence of the whole world. The mission of the prophets is to actualize this potential extract. The effort of all prophets is to create social and inner justice in humans. Justice is the direct path of human progress to divine perfection. In practice, the limits of ownership and the amount of consumption should be based on right and justice and in the direction of maximum productivity and growth and ensuring social justice.In Iran, the renovation and improvement of dilapidated urban structures as a problem with different social, economic, legal and technical dimensions has been included in the programs of the government and municipalities since the early 1980s. At thesame time as drawing attention to this category on a national scale and in the form of by-laws and laws, Tehran Municipality has also started planning and intervening in these fields since 2013.The actions of the Tehran City Renewal Organization show that at the beginning in 2012 with the construction plan of the eastern highway edge which was a program based on acquisition, demolition and reconstruction, in the years 2018 and 2019 in the form of setting up facilitation offices and based on Social actions crystallized. Previously, experiences in the field of intervention in urban contexts,especially worn-out contexts, were carried out with the approach of improving physical and functional conditions and without paying attention to other aspects of the issue.This is despite the fact that the basis of the concept of citizenship rights in the Islamic city is the people. In fact, the role of people in all areas of urban development plans should be considered. The plan must satisfy the people involved in the plan, and one of the most important examples of this is the way of bringing together the owners in connection with the occupation of lands and properties in order to achieve the goals of collective development. It is obvious that a process that starts with the creation of dissatisfaction among the beneficiaries of the project is not based on the principles of Islam and jurisprudence.

Islam is the religion of justice, equality and right orientation, and by relying on Islamic jurisprudence, important rules can be extracted and explained in the field of urban issues. The rules of submissiveness, harmlessness and expediency are among the most important jurisprudential principles that must be observed in Islamic urban planning in Iran in order to maintain and control the family foundation, stability of ownership, and respect for citizens. Also, the main condition for validating urban development plans is their compatibility with the approved laws of the country.Most of the specialized laws approved in the field of urban development and construction, including the Law of Municipalities (1960), the Civil and Urban Renovation Law (1968), etc., are related to the Pahlavi era, and these laws have not been corrected or updated over time. It is possible to achieve this goal in the form of adding notes to the articles of the previous laws, or canceling the previous laws and approving new laws. Islam is the religion of justice, equality and peaceful coexistence.If the above laws are revised in accordance with the jurisprudential-ethical principles of the Islamic religion and the patterns considered for acquisition have the least amount of intervention and also the full satisfaction of the owners whose property is placed in the path of development plans, It is possible to observe the fulfillment of Islamic rules in the cities. Therefore, the following comprehensive suggestions are presented in order to achieve this goal. Avoid urban development plans that only exist with an economic and material view of land, buildings, and people's livelihood.Avoid large-scale decision-making and interventions. It is necessary to review and update the laws related to construction and development in line with the speed of development and complexity in cities. Including in the applicable laws that were approved before the Islamic Revolution era. Based on moral jurisprudence rules, a set of rights should be included in the laws and decisions should be made based on them, such as ownership citizenship rights, business and profession rights, water and flower rights, agricultural right.

The rapid development of urbanization in developing countries has led to the emergence of a variety of crises that the issue of planning has become one of the most important challenges facing urban planners and managers. The metropolis of Karaj, as a case study in this study, is a suitable example of cities that in developing countries have put the Western planning model in the form of comprehensive plans or strategic structures on their agenda since 1351. Without its goals and methods, both in content and in the description of services, to meet its local needs. Thus, these plans and programs have so far been acceptable success in solving problems have not affected parts of the city such as rapid transformation and unplanned and explosive growth of the city in the form of urbanization model prior to urban planning, threat of development of construction in agricultural and garden lands, anomalies and Social distortions, declining quality of life, and lack of basic living facilities and services. Considering the concepts of sustainability and the efforts that have been made in the last two decades to improve urban planning and more efficient models, in this descriptive-analytical study with systematic analysis technique, a list of sustainability indicators from reliable sources (World Bank, Commission The United Nations Sustainable Development (UNCSD), the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), etc.) were included. Then, using the methodology of "Green Book" (part of the strategic and research program of the Office of Research and Development ORD3) in the United States) and according to the law of renaming the Ministry of Housing (1353), classification and localization of evaluation and management indicators Sustainability of development plans took place. The results of the evaluation based on the content analysis technique show; The description of services urban development plans can be seen, with what content plan has been prepared, are considerable. In addition to the mentioned distance, the theoretical literature of sustainable development has not been well processed both in terms of context and content. Therefore, it is necessary to make a fundamental review in the process of preparing and content of urban development plans as one of the tools to achieve development and formulate a comprehensive development plan by establishing a balance between different dimensions of development.

Urban development plans are the most important tools for the physical organization of cities. Many of these projects have failed to achieve their goals. The purpose of this study was to prioritize the obstacles to the non-realization of urban development plans in the Lamezan city. The area in this research is Lamezan city, in Hormozgan province. In order to identify the most important criteria, firstly through interviews with 20 experts and urban planners, obstacles were identified. The main criteria are: 1-Obstacles and problems of urban management, 2-Problems of project approval, 3- Problems of the project preparation process. The criteria in the form of fuzzy Delphi questionnaire were provided to a statistical population consisting of 120 senior city managers and faculty members. Criteria and sub-criteria were prioritized using fuzzy AHP. The results showed that among sub-criteria related to criterion of obstacles and problems of urban management, the sub-criteria of managerial body weakness and lack of integrated urban management was in the first rank and sub-criterion of improving external and internal communications was in the last rank. Among sub-criteria of problems of project approval, the sub-criterion of approval from above and the lack of influence of people’s representatives in approving the plan was in the first rank and sub-criterion of lack of coordination was in the last rank. Among sub-criteria of problems of design process, sub-criterion of lengthy preparation process was in the first rank, and sub-criterion of lack of complete and up-to-date information was in the last rank.

Sustainable urban development means moving on the human-environment axis and, as a means of realizing it, can strengthen the participation of the people. Therefore, the present research aims to compare the views of citizens and urban managers on the factors affecting collective participation in the implementation of urban development plans. For this purpose, 384 citizens and 50 urban planners were selected as statistical samples. Data were collected through a review of the sources and a researcher-made questionnaire containing two demographic and effective factors in gaining trust Social participation took place in urban development. The results of this study showed that urban and city planners' scores on citizens' characteristics for trust in participation (Sig=0.538), the impact of urban development plan in terms of this, on citizens' trust in collective participation (Sig. 0.538) have no significant difference. But the scores of urban managers and planners on the factors influencing the trust of citizens in the spatial location were higher than that of citizens (Sig=0.023). Finally, according to the results of this research, it can be mentioned:(1) the characteristics of citizens are of paramount importance for trusting in participation from the point of view of urban planners and citizens,(2) The impact of the urban development plan on the trust of citizens in terms of collective participation is important from the point of view of urban planners and citizens and(3) Factors affecting the trust of citizens in the local area from the point of view of urban planners and citizens have their own weight.

There are many criticisms and suggestions in the field of urban planning laws and rules and regulations of urban development plans, but the roots and context of the emergence of such rules that have been criticized or proposed to amend them are not clear and have not been addressed. The purpose of this study was to reach the sources of problems and inefficiencies in the rules and regulations of Iran's urban development plans.

Data collection was done by documentary research method, in the form of open codes related to criticisms, inefficiencies, and suggestions presented in 200 written documents between 2000 and the end of 1400. Axial organization and coding, code selection, and categorization were performed following the data-based research method and with the help of Access 2016 software. The research process and results were confirmed with the participation of 5 experts and evaluation based on 9 Cresol questions.

The study showed that the roots of the mentioned inefficiencies go back to the category or fields of vision, governance structure and organization, a system of formulation and approval, rules-rules and regulations, planning institutions, and  Legislative authorities each of which has smaller categories and their central codes are theoretical base, manpower, theoretical shortcomings, the inadequacy of supreme laws, shortcomings of institutional elements and approach and theoretical shortcomings, respectively.

The results of this study indicate that the shortcomings and inefficiencies of the rules and regulations of Iran's urban development plans have multiple roots that, when clarified, pave the way for their correction. The axis of the six constructive fields is paradigm transition, respectively; Politics and lack of cooperation and coordination; Participation, the interdisciplinary nature of urban planning laws, inconsistency of elements and inconsistency of views and approaches, which have been the cause of inefficiencies due to inadequacy in words and lack of common language.

Implementation process of urban development plans depends on many issues like the opinions of stakeholders. Using the opinions of stakeholders plays an important role in the success of urban development plans. The private sector is one groups that plays a significant role in economic issues of planning. A review of previous researches shows that despite emphasizing on the importance of the private sector and conducting many researches in this regard, there is not any research that has explicitly mentioned the role of this group in the implementation of urban development plans. The attempts to create a holistic approach about the role of private sector have already been started. The reviewed articles were selected from the Direct Science database. These articles were written between 1998 and 2019. This study tries to review the studies using content analysis. The total number of the articles explored this study was 1152, which was reviewed to obtain more accurate results. After screening the articles, 14 articles were finally selected for this purpose. The results show that participation constraint capabilities and expectations of private sector have the greatest impact on the implantation of urban development plans. On the other hand, the results indicate the private sector should be considered in several stages of urban development plans such as decision-making and evaluation process.

Urban development plans are the most important tools for organizing cities. Despite all the efforts that have been made in preparing the plans and arranging their contents, many of these plans have failed to achieve their goals, especially the development of tourism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of urban development plans in tourism development in the city of Lamzan. The research method was a combination of exploratory types. The selected area of ​​Lamzan city located at the center of Mehran is one of the subordinates of Bandar Lengeh in Hormozgan province. To identify the most important effective criteria, some obstacles of tourism development were identified through interviews with 20 experts and urban planners. The identified criteria are (a) obstacles and problems of urban management, (b) Issues and problems of project approval, (c) problems of the project preparation process. The criteria were provided to the statistical population consisting of 120 senior city managers and faculty members in the form of a fuzzy Delphi questionnaire. The results of the analysis of variances showed that urban development plans have an impact on tourism development in Lamzan. Also, the results of the t-test showed that urban management, the plan approval process, and the plan preparation process had an impact on the tourism development in Lamzan city.

Urban development projects continue to evolve with the aim of serving humanity and following the example of sustainable development components. In the meantime, achieving the goals of the projects can reveal the degree of success, realism and humanity of the projects. In betweenOne of the important goals of urban development projects is to provide basic services and human and urban infrastructure for the comprehensive development of human settlements. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors of non-implementation of urban development plans in the city of Lamzan. In order to achieve the above goal of the research, first by using library documentary sources, concepts related to feasibility and land use are examined and then by completing a questionnaire based on the criteria and characteristics of the theoretical literature of the research among 120 experts and Specialists in the field of research and using the fuzzy AHP technique to prioritize the obstacles to the non-implementation of urban development plans in the city of Lamzan. The results show that the obstacles and problems of urban management, issues and problems of plan approval and issues and problems of the project preparation process, had the greatest impact on the non-feasibility of development plans for the city of Lamzan. Among the sub-factors related to the factor of urban management problems, the sub-factor is the weakness of the managerial body and the lack of integrated urban management with a final score of 0.223 in the first rank and the sub-criterion of improving external and internal communication with a final score of 0.124 is in the sixth and last rank. Is. Among the sub-factors of problems and approval of the plan approval, the sub-factor of approval from above and the lack of influence of people's representatives in approving the plan with a final score of 0.226 in the first rank, lack of coordination and alignment with the final score of 0.178 in the fifth and last rank has taken. Among the sub-factors of problems and problems of the project preparation process, the sub-factor of the length of the preparation process with a final score of 0.207 is in the first rank, the sub-factor of lack of complete and up-to-date information with a final score of 0.40 is in the last rank.

The provision of services will not be possible by urban management alone. Therefore, cooperation between the private and public sector in form of public-private partnership is necessary. In partnership between the private sector and the public sector, common interests are very fundamental. Less researches are about urban planning incentives which is addressed to the agreed incentives of both the public and private sectors. So, this paper identifies urban planning incentives in public-private partnership in accordance with the opinions of the investor and urban management for the first time.

The present inquiry has been done through a qualitative approach in 2020.  The sampling method was non-random and these interviews were continued with 11 people until saturation was obtained. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews with investors and municipal employees as public and private sectors. Data analysis and coding was done through sub-coding and attribute coding.

The collected data were analyzed in the form of 110 primary codes, 29 sub-codes and 5 categories such as appropriate environment, increasing users, indirect profitability, direct profitability and increasing land and building prices. Sub-coding were about flexibility, site selection and land use.

The results of this study show that urban planning incentives are not only limited to financial benefit and profitability, but also include factors such as public satisfaction and creating an appropriate environment.

The process of physical evolution in many cities shows a definite relationship between socio-economic currents and forces and management processes and its physical expansion. According to this attitude, the present study investigates the role of various forces and factors in the physical expansion of Fasa city in the period after the revolution to the early 80s, during which the physical expansion and rapid and unparalleled spatial changes in the city occurred. The main structure of the research is based on qualitative research method and data collection has been done in the form of documentary methods, interviews and field observations. Findings show that in the city of Fasa in the desired period, about 996.6 hectares have been added to the city area. In this process, several factors such as management forces and processes, land transfer policy in the years after the revolution, the factor of migration, low-income housing in the form of informal settlements, city development plans and environmental factors have played a major role. The effect and intensity of each of these factors is different, and in the meantime, the forces and management processes by adding about 560.6 hectares, equivalent to 56.25% of the total area added to the city area; It has been considered as the most important influential factor in the physical development of Fasa city. Therefore, it can be concluded that the composition and outcome of a set of factors have played a role in the physical expansion and creation of new areas.

Failure to pay attention to the city planning system has led to a weakness in tourism status in various urban development plans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the attractions and potentials justifying the status of tourism in the study system of urban development plans of Kermanshah province from a touristic perspective. Qualitative research methodology is the "basic theory" method and purposeful sampling (snowball). Through interviewing, identifying attractions and determining their range and eventually creating a tourism portfolio attraction portfolio matrix from urban development plans of Kermanshah province. The results indicate that, in the conceptual classification of attractions in urban development plans The province, the historical and cultural concept with the 10 most natural and ecotourism concepts, was ranked third in 7th place. The concept of architecture, physical, economic, religious, with 3 items in one class and the concept of facilities with 2 cases and the concept of treatment with one case at the lowest rate were taken. Tourist attractions based on local, regional, national and international outcomes showed that half of these attractions could be further developed and accommodated at higher levels. Based on the portfolio matrix of tourist attractions, three strategies, the development of experiences and the strengthening of marketing actions along with investment and growth strategies; for the attraction of house No. 4 and investment in the product and market; for house number 3 release and retreat in urban development plans for attractions House No. 1 was offered.

Using a mixed-method approach, this study aimed to illuminate the effect of city-development plans, as the most fundamental city-shaping instrument, on the realization of a city brand based on the citizens’ perceptions and mental preferences. Then, it develops a structural equation model after recognizing the effective components through employing an exploratory research design. For this reason, 5 criteria, 8 sub-criteria, and 14 indices were investigated, and their relevant data were collected. Birjand was chosen as the research field and a statistical sample was chosen at descriptive statistics using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Accordingly, 19 subjects were selected from urban experts, and 383 citizens were chosen at the quantitative step using simple random sampling. The research model indicated that urban development plans had the highest positive effects on the vitality and migration regarding urban branding plans. According to the correlation between components, the highest relationship was between migration and vitality (0.87), marketing, and vitality (0.849), and the lowest relationship was associated with the mutual effect between marketing and environmental equity (0.633). Moreover, the findings of the interviews revealed that the efforts towards improving the improper, dispersed, and, sometimes, city-reality incongruent media images, attracting the mental and executive participation of the residents of old textures, empowering the residents, managing the presence of Afghan immigrants, and, at the same time, exploiting city multiculturalism evolved due to their attendance could help with the realization of a city brand