جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "پیوندهای روستایی-شهری" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

The city and the village, as two settlements with different structures and functions, have deep and inseparable dependencies and connections to each other. These links and relationships ultimately lead to interactions on these settlements. Due to the fact that rural-urban relations and links in different regions are different according to human and natural structures, in this study we seek to identify and analyze the economic and social factors affecting the links between Bam city and surrounding villages. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the collection of field data through a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was examined by elites and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.81. The statistical population consists of the population of four villages of Bidaran, Khajeh Asgar, Hararon and Hamzeh, amounting to 3309 people. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula, 344 people. The test results showed that social and economic factors at a significant level less than 0.05 and with an average of 3.55 and 3.61, respectively, have a great impact on the links between Bam city and surrounding villages. In the field of rural-urban ties, the economic-productive factor with a value of 6.621 has the most important impact. Other factors include cultural component, administrative-financial component, service component, capital flow and activity boom component, spatial-participation component and migration flow component. The result of one-way analysis of variance also confirmed that there is a significant difference between the villages in terms of economic ties with the city of Bam. The result of Tukey test confirmed that the most economic connection with the city of Bam is related to the village of Hamzeh village with a value of 3.75. Conclusion Rural-urban bonds in the study area are influenced by various economic and social factors that are rooted in the local and environmental conditions of the region.

Utilizing the capacity of rural-urban linkages is effective in forming a tourism network; however, the formation of a tourism network has faced numerous challenges due to ignoring the capacity of rural-urban linkages. Hence, identifying the key drivers influencing rural-urban linkages’ capacity helps reduce these challenges.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The current applied research was conducted from April to December 2023 with a future research approach for the Alborz and Tehran region. The collected data were analyzed through semi-structured questionnaires and interviews by 34 experts using the qualitative and Delphi techniques and Micmac software.

The findings revealed that geographical advantages and environmental capabilities, such as the rural and urban establishment in a homogeneous area, suitable climate and landscape for tourism activities, small towns within the rural centers of tourism, continuous rural-urban local knowledge flow, rural-urban socioeconomic institutions, and cooperation of the urban organization with local tourism suppliers were identified as variables influencing the size of spatial and sectoral flows.

The results also revealed that the key drivers affected the spatial and sectoral flows through geographical advantages and environmental capabilities. Consequently, improving the size of spatial and sectoral flows affects the capacity of rural-urban linkages in the direction of the formation of the tourism network.Originality/value: Identifying and utilizing environmental capacities to improve the size of spatial flow and strengthen rural-urban linkages in forming a tourism network can be mentioned as the originality of the current research.

Nowadays, changes in food consumption patterns due to urbanization, increasing per capita consumption, economic growth and the move from local to global in the consumer markets necessitate ensuring food security for different countries, especially developing ones. This study investigates the impact of rural-urban linkages affected by spatial flows on food security. The present research method is quantitative and has been conducted by employing a descriptive-analytical method. The research population consisted of households in peri-urban villages of Dehdasht. Twenty one villages were randomly selected using Cochran's formula. 358 households were randomly selected from 3538 households using Cochran's formula. Correlation and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS to analyze the collected data. In addition, the structural equation model (SEM) of partial least squares regression (PLS) method was applied using SMART PLS 3. The results indicate that rural-urban linkages affected by spatial flows (independent variable) with a T value of 27.678 and a path coefficient of 0.745 have a positive effect on food security (dependent variable). Moreover, the results of multivariate linear regression showed that the social linkage and the economic linkage variable with the values 0.509 and 0.151 respectively had the greatest and the least impact on food security.

Today, we are witnessing extensive changes in the movements between cities and villages, so that permanent movement between cities and villages have become daily commutes, which is referred to as population floating. This is more common among the inhabitants of the villages around the metropolises. In addition to economic incentives, various factors can affect the formation and strengthening of the flow of rural floating population. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the formation of rural floating populations in urban areas. The present research is of applied type and the method of doing it is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study is the households of 20 villages of Tabadakan district around the metropolis of Mashhad. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and based on research indicators. The results showed that the factors affecting the buoyancy of the rural population can be classified into economic, social, individual, geographical-environmental and institutional factors. Among these, economic factors, social factors and individual factors explained 37.71, 12.13 and 7.78% of the variance of the dependent variable, respectively. Also, the results of the Spearman correlation test showed an inverse relationship with moderate intensity between the two variables of distance from the city and the buoyancy ratio of the rural population. Finally, the results of the logistic regression test indicate that the variables of age, occupation and having a place of residence or home in the city have a statistically significant effect on the dependent variable (floating or non-floating population) and are able to predict changes in the dependent variable.

In geographical studies based on systemic approach, each area is considered as an open system in which villages and cities are the two main components of the residential system. Villages and cities have structures and functions that evolve through the interaction of the natural environment and human groups. These structures and functions in Marivan Township have undergone many changes due to government intervention and policies. Government interventions have taken the form of rural development and post-war reconstruction programs (expansion of communication networks), security, and the strengthening of economic foundations (opening of informal border markets). The aim of the present paper was to investigate the impact of the mentioned policies on the structural-functional changes of rural housing. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in nature, and methodologically based on the positivist approach. The statistical population includes households living in 121 villages with more than 20 households (2016 census) in Marivan Township. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula in two steps. First, 52 villages were selected by cluster sampling method in proportion to the share of the western and eastern areas of the township, 27 and 24 villages, respectively. Then, out of a total of 6305 households, 307 were selected by simple random sampling. The results showed that the housing in the western areas has undergone more structural and functional changes. According to the t-test, the average difference in changes related to the pattern of construction and form (4.64 units), biological elements (8.99 units) and livelihood (20.69 units) of rural housing in the western area is greater than the eastern part of the township.

Rural-urban linkages include all economic, social, cultural and technological relations between urban and rural areas. Disregarding these relations in the developmental plans of the region has led to imbalance. In the context of explaining the relations between the urban and the rural, various views have been raised, including the center-periphery relations, the growth pole. In most of these theories, the development of the rural areas are under reign of urban centers. However, in the regional network approach, unlike other perspectives, rural areas, like urban areas, play an active role according to their potential in regional network. The purpose of this research is to analyze the structures affecting rural-urban links based on the regional network approach in Azal region of urmia. Therefore, after reviewing the theoretical and empirical literature, the effective indicators were extracted using the F'ANP, the combination of the two-dimensional factor analysis and analysis of the network, and AHP models, the analysis of the hierarchy. AHP analysis was performed based on questionnaire tool and expert opinions and F'ANP analysis based on data in databases. According to the results of F'ANP model, the amount of water resources with coefficient of 0.157, social cohesion with coefficient of 0.086 and migration rate with coefficient of 0.086 and also based on the results of AHP model, the amount of water resources with coefficient of 0/271, literacy rate with coefficient of 0.93 and the level of technology with coefficient of 0.072 are the most important factors among others affecting rural-urban links with regional network approach.

The decision to return to villages is influenced by different factors. The purpose of this paper is to assess the motivations of reverse migration and its consequences in the villages of Ijroud city in Zanjan province. The research is of an applied type conducted via a survey method. The study population consisted of the migrants returning to villages of Ijroud. The sample size was determined using the Cochran formula (n = 125). The respondents in this study were selected using the stratified random sampling method. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The face validity and the content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by a panel of experts. A pre-test and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure the reliability (0.79-0.81). Through an exploratory factor analysis, the reverse migration motivations were summarized into four factors including improvement of the welfare and health in rural areas, improvement of the natural attractions of the village and providing a quiet environment, improvement of the prospects for profitability, and improvement of the capacity of agricultural employment in the region. These factors explained 60.80 % of the migration's motivations. Also, using exploratory factor analysis, the consequences of reverse migration to rural area were summarized in three factors including improvement of development and health indexes, increase of rural participation and investment rates, and mental relaxation. These factors explained 33.65 percent of the total variance of the consequences of reverse migration.

Commuting between rural and urban areas is one of the most important and most remarkable forms of incorporation and integration of rural and urban areas. It is a new spatial phenomenon emerging in most developing and developed countries. In this regard, the present study aims to spatially analyze the rural floating population employed in urban areas of Iran. The study data were extracted from the 2011 General Population and Housing Census. The spatial scale is analyzed at county level and the methodology is mainly exploratory. The results show that the share of rural labor force employed in urban areas in 2011 was 12.8%. However, its distribution is not uniform across the provinces and the provinces of Mazandaran, Tehran and Khorasan Razavi have the highest floating rate. Based on the results of exploratory spatial data analysis, three main focal points of rural floating population, including Tehran metropolitan region, Esfahan metropolitan region and southwest of the country with a focus on Bushehr were identified. Concentration and diversification of economic activities, industries and services are a major factor that can explain the formation process of the main centers of commuting from rural to urban areas.

The Strengthening of rural-urban linkages calls for a proper method and model of development and regional development. Each country pursues to employ appropriate and local patterns of development, that be compatible with its local culture, ideological basics, as well as social, economic, geographical and political conditions. Therefore, in order to create a favorable society and establish an Islamic-Iranian civilization, authorities have proposed Islamic-Iranian progress pattern for planning in Iran. The present study has been conducted in Shahreza Township, with the aim of Strengthening the rural-urban linkages, and based on Islamic-Iranian progress pattern, and with a new view and an approach compatible with the theoretical framework of the Islamic-Iranian progress pattern, is to introduce a local model compatible with geographical, economic, sociocultural, ideological, environmental, and physical conditions of the villages in this township. The present study is applied, in terms of the aim, and descriptive-analytical survey, in terms of nature and method. The population of the study includes all authorities and managers related to the subject in the township, which due to the low population size, all members of the population were counted totally. The instrument and methods of data collection were documentary and librarian, also interviews, and questionnaires. Using SPSS software, all data of the research were analyzed and to answer the research questions and testing the hypotheses, we benefited one sample t-test, paired sample mean-test, and Chi-square test. Findings indicated that the status quo of the rural-urban linkages will change, after realization of the Islamic-Iranian progress pattern and more favorable conditions will appear. It will result in reducing poverty rate, and inequalities available between cities and villages. Therefore, regarding the affectedness of rural-urban linkages from the realization of Islamic-Iranian progress pattern, and improvement of the present condition, it can be said that the realization of Islamic-Iranian progress pattern, may result in the Strengthening of rural-urban linkages in Shahreza.

Rural – urban links between cities and countries are provided because of various streams such as data, investment, technology and innovation. Thus, it is referred to city as rural development motor. Despite various economical – social streams between countries and Astara, there hasnt formed positive rural – urban connection from 1370 associated by rural development goal. But it seems that after providing relations between Iran and Azerbaijan from Astara border, traditional and simple relations of country and city has improved to rural – urban connections with a two – strains performance. The goal of this study is realization of types of relations between Astara and surrounding villages and analysis of underlying elements of rural – urban links. Statistical population is the villages having residents of Astara, 62 villages. Mass of sample is 24 countries or 38% of all of the villages. Analysis of data has done by SPSS software Results of research suggested decrease of migration of villages to urban part of Astra in recent 2 years; and also the relationship of Iran from land border has caused development of traffic of rural people to urban part, increase of telecommunications, increase of mutual understanding of village and city residents. And in economical phase, caused improvement in income situation, increase of mutual understanding of village and city residents. And in economical phase, caused improvement in income situation, providing new carriers and trade activities, formation of border bazaars, development of foreign trade, transition and services. Also factors such as suitcase trade and villager's contribution in urban economy have provided rural – urban links with a two-strains performance. Villager's contribution such as villager women has developed economical nets and improvement of bazaar, import and export section, transition in urban point, development of rural tourism, increase of tendency of land purchase, foundation of second houses and reverses migration in rural points and results suggests revolution of relationships from simple and traditional status to rural – urban links with a two-strains performance which improvement of these relations has been effective in rural development of region.

Translocal flows of capital play an important role in rural economy. They include the flow of people, agricultural products, capital, and information that exist between rural and urban areas. The severity and extent of these flows vary across geographical areas. In this regard, the environmental capacities of the geographical regions are highly important in attracting and expanding capital flows. According to Takoli (1998), these flows have a prominent role in the transformation of rural economy through stabilization and economic diversification of rural settlements. The translocal flow of capital from urban to rural areas can help expand the industrial and services sectors. Moreover, they can affect other spatial flows. Thus, the efficient utilization of these flows will bring in benefits for rural households. The capital flow is formed based on different mechanisms including: regional economy, market functions, urban services and the urban actors. The case studies of Ehlers reveal that factors such as the property relations and owners’ residence in the city will provoke the one-way flow of capital from rural to urban areas, leading to the transfer of the wealth to the cities and thus the impoverishment of the rural areas. The unbalanced distribution of the rural and urban households will encourage migration to the cities, creating a regional imbalance.

It this study it is attempted to find out the nature of relationships between rural-urban linkages by statistical analysis regarding the impact of the city on the levels of rural development. Rural-urban relationships in the developing countries have rapidly expanded in the recent decades. Because, city and village comprise an integrated system, and the development of each part of this system regardless to the other part(s) is irrational and impossible. UN-Habitat (2004) announced that Cities are engines of rural development. Many scholars and researches in Iran and abroad have emphasized on the effects of cities on rural development and they have suggested a simultaneous rural-urban planning in regional level.