جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کلانشهر مشهد » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Smart cities are developed and built as interconnected urban domains where embedded elements can interact with each other and with the users residing in them. In building smart cities, Internet of Things has the potential to collect information about the urban environment, provide new services to citizens, facilitate their daily life and increase the ability to live in the city. In the current research, with the participation of managers, officials and academic experts, the key drivers affecting the smart city based on the Internet of Things have been identified and finally, the scenarios effective on the formation of the smart city based on the Internet of Things have been compiled. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. The method of collecting data and information was library, document and survey (interview). The review of scientific sources identified 26 factors affecting the smart city based on the Internet of Things, which were categorized into 6 dimensions, and a total of 25 people, including managers of related organizations and academic experts, were interviewed. Data analysis was based on prospective research technique; Including structure analysis, analysis of mutual effects based on Micmac and Scenario Wizard software. The results showed that there are 8 possible scenarios for the establishment of a smart city based on the Internet of Things, of which 1 scenario is in a strong and stable compatibility mode (zero incompatibility) and 7 scenarios are in a weak compatibility mode. The first scenario, which is a scenario with a positive direction, has an interaction effect score of 123 and a compatibility value of 2, while the second scenario, which seems to be unfavorable conditions for the future of the smart city based on the Internet of Things in Mashhad metropolis, has a total interaction effect score of -20 and the compatibility value is -1. The third scenario also has a compatibility value of -1 and with a total interaction effect score of 27, it can be one of the possible scenarios for the future of the smart city based on the Internet of Things in Mashhad metropolis.

Dehiari is a public and non-governmental institution that is responsible for the rural management of the country and has duties in three social, economic and environmental-physical aspects, among its environmental-physical duties is issuing permits for buildings and cooperating with the Housing Foundation in order to prepare the Hadi plan.In this regard, village assistance institutions have been formed in many areas and have played a very effective role in facilitating the services of village assistants. One of the most important goals of the research is to evaluate the performance of the villagers and their role in improving the physical and environmental condition of the village. The research method in this research is applied in terms of its purpose and it is classified as descriptive-analytical and survey based on its nature. Documentary and field methods were used to collect information, and according to the sample size of the statistical population (997 households), the sample size of the questioned households based on the Cochran formula was equal to 130 households. The findings of the research show that there is a strong relationship between the performance of villagers and satisfaction with the quality of the physical environment with a statistic of 0.718 and a significance level of less than 0.05, and based on the results of the progressive stepwise regression test, the performance of villagers is 62.2%. It has explained the changes in satisfaction with the physical environment in the studied villages and among the components of villagers' performance, the creation of cultural-sports-tourism places and spaces with a beta coefficient of 0.70 in the first step and 0.43 in the fourth step has the greatest effect on satisfaction. has had villagers.

The concept of a smart city involves utilizing information and communication technology to improve the livability and sustainability of urban areas and unique locations, thereby promoting innovation and entrepreneurship. The extensive use of digital sensors and control systems for managing urban infrastructure has led to the development of various applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) playing a crucial role in enabling new services and enhancing interaction levels. As this technology continues to progress, it holds the potential to transform every aspect of human life. This research aimed to conduct a spatial analysis of smart city indicators, particularly those related to the IoT across 13 regions of Mashhad metropolis. This study took an applied approach with a descriptive-analytical nature by utilizing both documentary (library) and field (questionnaire) data collection methods. The sample consisted of residents from 13 regions within Mashhad metropolis with a sample size of 171 questionnaires determined based on the 2016 population of 3,062,242. The questionnaires were distributed proportionately across each region. The data analysis was conducted by using SPSS software and decision-making methods, such as MEREC and COCOSO. Furthermore, the structural equation modeling approach (Smart PLS) was employed for a comprehensive analysis. The research findings indicated that Regions 9, 1, and 4 showed the highest levels of smart city indicators based on IoT in Mashhad, while Regions 3, 12, and 10 exhibited the lowest levels. According to the results of the PLS structural equation modeling test, the variable of smart governance showed the highest overall impact coefficient (1.523) on the IoT-based smart city followed by smart economy (1.256), smart citizen (0.895), smart environment (0.687), smart mobility (0.622), and smart living (0.160).

A smart city is a sophisticated ecosystem that leverages advanced information and communication technologies to enhance the appeal and sustainability of urban areas and distinctive locations, fostering innovation and entrepreneurship. The widespread adoption of digital sensors and control systems for managing urban infrastructure has facilitated various applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) emerging as a solution for delivering new services and enhancing interactive experiences. In recent years, the concept of smart cities has gained traction in Iran with cities, such as Urmia, Isfahan, Tehran, Mashhad, and Tabriz, being recognized as smart cities. Due to its rapid growth and development, as well as social, economic, and environmental changes in line with new needs, Mashhad City needs to provide services that are suitable and deserving for its residents, especially considering the significant number of domestic and foreign pilgrims, who visit the holy shrine of Imam Reza annually. Therefore, the indigenous capacities of the city alone are not sufficient for its development and the collaboration of various sectors, especially the communication and IT sectors, is necessary to elevate and progress it in new areas. Hence, this paper aimed to examine the distribution status of IoT-based smart city indicators in 13 districts of Mashhad municipality and answer the question of how the current status of IoT-based smart city indicators was in the mentioned districts. 

This research was applied in terms of its objective and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. The data collection method included both documentary (library) and field (questionnaire) researches. The sample consisted of residents from the 13 districts of Mashhad metropolis. Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size for each district, resulting in a total of 171 questionnaires based on a coefficient of 0.075 and population of 3,062,242 in 2016. The questionnaire was designed in a 5-point Likert scale format and distributed and completed across the districts of Mashhad. The questionnaire was validated based on the input from university professors and the necessary modifications were implemented. After collecting the questionnaires and assessing their reliability using the Cronbach's alpha method, the gathered data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Chi-square test, skewness and kurtosis tests, and one-sample t-test, within the SPSS software environment. Additionally, decision-making methods, such as MEREC and COCOSO, were utilized for data and information analysis. Finally, the Smart PLS software was employed to construct the structural equation model and determine the impact levels of the desired indicators on the IoT-based smart city. 

Upon confirming the normal distribution of the data through skewness and kurtosis tests, the results of the one-sample t-test indicated that all the indicators were significant. Among the IoT-based smart growth indicators, the first factor (smart mobility) exhibited the highest mean of 2.7154, while the component of smart citizen had the lowest score of 2.1287 compared to the other components. Following the weighting of the indicators by using the MEREC method and application of the COCOSO technique for ranking the districts, the results revealed that District 9 secured the 1st rank with a score of 3.412 and District 1 showed the 2nd rank with a score of 3.349 with the remaining districts following in subsequent ranks. Furthermore, the results of the structural equation modeling by using SMART PLS indicated that the variable of smart government exhibited the highest overall influence coefficient of 1.523 followed by smart economy (1.256), smart citizen (0.895), smart environment (0.687), smart mobility (0.622), and smart living (0.160), showcasing their influences in the IoT-based smart city. 

A smart city represents a comprehensive framework that assesses various facets of intelligent initiatives, empowering cities to leverage urban networks, bolster their economic prowess, and establish more efficient systems. This network relies on wireless networks, broadcasting networks, internet networks, telecommunication networks, and sensor networks with the Internet of Things (IoT) at its core. The research findings were consistent with the conclusions of other researchers, such as Mafi and Gholizadeh (2015), Amelifar et al. (2022), and Sudeep et al. (2018), highlighting the impact of IoT in urban settings, resulting in savings in time, cost, energy, materials, and human resources, and ultimately enhancing the quality of urban life. The high rankings of Regions 9 and 1 in Mashhad metropolis in terms of smart city indicators validated this assertion as evidenced by the high quality of urban life in these areas and the residents' preference to live there.

city parks; is an regions covered with plants in and around the cities, which has two important functions for the city. Temperature adjustment, air conditioning and beauty. Due to the lack of green spaces per capita and its inappropriate distribution in mashhad metropolis and the importance of this issue in research to evaluate and prioritize the existing parks in the region 13th mashhad metropolis based on 6 indicators, Facilities, beauty, security, access, distribution-scattering, space and the use of the TOPSIS model has been discussed. The descriptive-analytical research method was based on field survey with emphasis on the practical aspect and data collection. The results of the research findings show; among the 13 parks in the samen region of mashhad metropolis; the only park is omurshahr that its desirability and quality indicators have been upgraded to some extent. Also, the results of the TOPSIS model indicate that the park of the Amurshahr with score 0/993, shahid Fahmideh park with score 0/773, mir park 0/625 has highest. Eidgah Alley with score 0/240 and javidan park 0/185 and bah al-tolieh park 0/140 have the lowest quality and desirability.

The rural environment is one of the elements of the spatial organization and the landscape of the village with its different physical, functional and semantic dimensions has a special importance and place in the visual organization of the rural environment. Changes in the lifestyle and needs of the villagers in recent years have also intensified and accelerated the process of landscape change. Therefore, the management and planning of these spaces, like a living entity in the suburbs of metropolises, require considerable attention. The present applied research with a descriptive-analytical method is aimed at identifying the indicators of landscape explanation and the extent of its changes in the villages on the outskirts of Mashhad metropolis. To collect data, documentary and field methods (questionnaire and observation) have been used, and data analysis has been done by (Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon and Friedman) tests. The results indicate that among the landscape components, the landscape identity component has changed the most. In fact, the occurrence of physical changes in the villages has caused a decrease in the sense of reminiscence, vitality, freshness, the degree of harmony of different spaces and the fading of local cultural values. Finally, the physical changes have caused "a further change in the identity dimension of the rural landscape". The results of Friedman's test show the highest change in the land use index among all the landscape indices. Therefore, landscape changes should be considered as the most important consequence of land use change.

The present study tries to investigate the role of factors involved in the implementation of intelligent environment in the metropolis of Mashhad in three parts: the degree of impact in case of occurrence, the probability of occurrence of an option in the future and the current situation. The method of the present study was performed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and by collecting information and questionnaire tools and semi-structured interviews and the analytical basis was based on the components of the DPSIR3 model. Participants in this study included 30 experts in the quantitative section and 9 experts in the qualitative interviews section who were selected by the snowball sampling method. The collected data were analyzed using T-test in SPSS software. The results show that the impact rate in case of occurrence other than waste management in other dimensions including water management, environmental integrated management, urban beatification, culture and identity, smart building, wastewater management and developing green electricity was high and in the probability of future occurrence. The next option, culture and identity, has a relatively favorable situation compared to other dimensions. In describing the current situation, we see the unfavorable situation of the smart environment in the metropolis of Mashhad. Suggestions for improving the current situation was also provided in the current research.

The problem currently facing the management of metropolises' peri -urban areas is the existence of urban management fragmentations and lack of coordination among service organizations regarding planning, policy making, supervision, implementation, etc. Solving this problem requires integrated urban management as an all -encompassing management institution involved with very broad and diverse urban and urbanization issues and phenomena to ensure achieving sustainable development in the peri -urban areas of Mashhad metropolis, thereby minimizing the fragmentations in various dimensions including the political, spatial, functional and socio - economic dimensions. Considering the importance of the topic, this study was conducted using the descriptive -analytical method and based on desk -based and documentary studies to analyze the different types of fragmentation and its effect on the integrated management of the peri -urban areas of Mashhad metropolis. The study population consisted of 35 specialists, experts and university professors. The DEMATEL and VICOR fuzzy method was used for data analysis. The results of multi -criteria decision -making show that the criterion of "fragmentations in urban management platforms and facilities" attained a score of 0.491 and was identified as the most influential criterion for integrated management. On the other hand, territorial fragmentation was identified as the most influenced criterion for the integrated management of the peri -urban areas of Mashhad metropolis.

Man is always in interaction with the environment of which he is a part, and usually social behavior needs a bedrock to occur, so the relationship between man and the environment is a reciprocal and interactive relationship. Human behaviors are the result of a person's motivations and needs, the ability of the environment, the mental image resulting from his perception of the outside world and the meaning that this image has for him; Therefore, each behavior under the influence of the above conditions can take different forms and create a variety of behaviors. Behavior is not just a function of activity; It is a combination of activity, time and environment. Humans always spend a significant part of their daily time in public spaces of the city and under the influence of these spaces, they show certain behavioral patterns. Among these, urban parks are one of the most important public spaces in cities that should be To be considered by planners and city managers. On the other hand, the subject of sciences such as urban planning and design is "creating quality public spaces" in the city. Therefore, one of the main purposes of this article is to explain the patterns of collective behavior and its effect on the growth and self-actualization of children in the use of various urban parks in the metropolis of Mashhad. This research is of applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. Also, non-parametric statistical methods such as chi-square statistics have been used to measure and analyze 384 questionnaires designed using SPSS software. The results of this study show that the behavioral patterns of citizens in the studied parks in the four areas (one, nine, eleven and Samen) of Mashhad are influenced by the design quality and the desirability of the interior spaces of the parks, which is important for the growth index. And the flourishing of children has a great impact so that the higher the quality of public spaces, including urban parks where social interactions are, the more purposeful collective behaviors are formed in such spaces, and this issue affects the rate of learning, growth and flourishing of children. Coming to the park with their parents has a great impact.Man is always in interaction with the environment of which he is a part, and usually social behavior needs a bedrock to occur, so the relationship between man and the environment is a reciprocal and interactive relationship. Human behaviors are the result of a person's motivations and needs, the ability of the environment, the mental image resulting from his perception of the outside world and the meaning that this image has for him; Therefore, each behavior under the influence of the above conditions can take different forms and create a variety of behaviors. Behavior is not just a function of activity; It is a combination of activity, time and environment. Humans always spend a significant part of their daily time in public spaces of the city and under the influence of these spaces, they show certain behavioral patterns. Among these, urban parks are one of the most important public spaces in cities that should be To be considered by planners and city managers. On the other hand, the subject of sciences such as urban planning and design is "creating quality public spaces" in the city. Therefore, one of the main purposes of this article is to explain the patterns of collective behavior and its effect on the growth and self-actualization of children in the use of various urban parks in the metropolis of Mashhad. This research is of applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. Also, non-parametric statistical methods such as chi-square statistics have been used to measure and analyze 384 questionnaires designed using SPSS software. The results of this study show that the behavioral patterns of citizens in the studied parks in the four areas (one, nine, eleven and Samen) of Mashhad are influenced by the design quality and the desirability of the interior spaces of the parks, which is important for the growth index. And the flourishing of children has a great impact so that the higher the quality of public spaces, including urban parks where social interactions are, the more purposeful collective behaviors are formed in such spaces, and this issue affects the rate of learning, growth and flourishing of children. Coming to the park with their parents has a great impact.of children has a great impact so that the higher the quality of public spaces, including urban parks where social interactions are, the more purposeful collective behaviors are formed in such spaces, and this issue affects the rate of learning, growth and flourishing of children. Coming to the park with their parents has a great impact.

Marginalization is a phenomenon that has emerged in the cities of today s cities following structural changes and the emergence of social and economic problems such as the rapid circulation of urbanization and ungovernable rural migrations. In the marginal fabrics of today's cities, we see unequal urban spaces due to differences in the natural infrastructure and spatial planning paradigm. the present study aims to assess the state of spatial justice in the areas of boundary boundary of mashhad in descriptive - analytic method using the F’ANP model.According to the studies, three criteria of comfort, spatial relation and spatial quality are effective criteria in realization of spatial justice in urban arenas. The results of this study shows among the eight marginal areas of mashhad, Golshahr population core in terms of the status of spatial justice at the very poor level and Jade Ghadim population core that are based on the categories status of a very high spatial justice has devoted itself to itself.

Acceleration in the construction of high buildings in Mashhad over the past 17 years has caused confusion and concern in the proper implementation of rules and regulations. This study evaluated the correspondence of the implementation of 220 buildings of Mashhad having more than ten floors during the period 2001-2018 with the rules and regulations of 28 approved detailed plans and high construction Part plan. For this purpose, using descriptive and survey research method and correlation analysis, four important issues of criteria including the number of floors, density, occupation level, and land use were analyzed. The results indicate that two criteria of number of floors and density of buildings are three times the approved standard and the use is not very adaptable and is only lower than the approved amount in terms of the level of occupation of the existing conditions. A comparison of existing high buildings with the approved high-level criteria of Mashhad city also indicates that the criteria of the number of floors, density, and percentage of occupation level have not been observed. They are meaningful. Therefore, despite the approval of the high-rise plan of Mashhad in 2006, this plan is not based on the needs of high construction and needs to be modified according to the criteria of these plans. Finally, improving the criteria for making high buildings in Mashhad, determining the skyline of existing buildings and preparing a plan based on it, and determining the appropriate areas for high constructions and preventing scattered construction were suggested.

The metropolis of Mashhad and their territory has experienced unbalanced physical growth in recent years and is currently associated with many problems in various dimensions of management, economic, physical, social, environmental and so on. In this metropolis, increasing population and migration and integration of rural areas in the body of Mashhad metropolis on the one hand and management distortion on the other hand has increased the grounds for increasing these challenges. The type of research in this research is descriptive-analytical and in collecting information, field and library studies have been used. Cocoso method was used to analyze the findings. The results of this study show that in the social sector, the index of non-participation of the people as a missing link in organizing around the metropolis of Mashhad; In the economic sector, the index of increasing violations in construction to earn more profit in the suburbs of Mashhad; In the physical part, there was no indicator of unit management in the study area for issuing permits and supervising construction; In the management section, the management of the suburbs around the metropolis of Mashhad and finally the environmental section, the index of increasing environmental problems following changes in land uses in and around the city of Mashhad, pointed out that the perimeter and privacy of the metropolis of Mashhad is facing them in the current situation.

The emergence of different schools of thought and terms such as ecocity and green urbanism are examples of efforts to improve the urban environment in response to urban sprawl and the resulting problems. Green roofs are one of the new solutions in urban planning and urban studies to maximize the use of surfaces with the aim of reducing the adverse effects of the environment in cities.

Aims and Objective:

The purpose of this study is to identify the role and impact of green roofs and green walls in increasing the quality of urban environment in Mashhad city.

This research is of applied type and is done through descriptive-analytical method. The number of questionnaires in this study was 42 in the Delphi group, which was analyzed based on hierarchical analysis. 

The results of this study show that three indicators of physical factors, aesthetic factors and environmental factors are among the most important parameters in improving the urban environment, and among these factors the increase in per capita urban green space and development of green buildings with a coefficient of importance of 5.7 and 4.6 percent in the environmental criteria, respectively, have the highest rank in improving the quality of the urban environment in Mashhad. The results of the research indicate that with the construction of green roofs and green buildings, we can see a significant improvement in the quality of the urban environment.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of place identity on the livability of Peri-urban villages in Mashhad. The population of interest in the study, according to the results of the census of 1395, is the villages of Tabadekan rural district in the central part of Mashhad city, which are divided into two axes of Siman and Kalan. According to Cochran formula, the number of samples needed to complete the questionnaire was 169 households. To analyze the data, one-sample T Test, Pearson, and Smat PLS structural equations were used and for the ranking of villages, a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method, VICOR, was applied. The findings of this research indicate that the mean of place identity among the studied villages is low and the place identity dimensions, which include differentiation, continuity, self-esteem, and self-efficacy, have a significant relationship with the livability variable. Therefore, the higher the place identity, the higher the livability of the villagers. The differentiation variable has a direct impact on the livability variable of .0001 This means that this variable has a direct effect on the livability structure of 10%. Also, the continuity variable has a direct and inverse relation of -0/29.7 on the livability structure. This means that with an increase in the structure of continuity, we will see a decrease in the unit of livability (by -0.297). In addition, self-esteem and self-efficacy variables have a direct effect on the viability structure with the rate of 0.31 and 0.61, respectively. As it can be seen, the self-efficacy variable as compared with other variables has a more direct effect (62.1%) on the livability.

Nowadays, livability reflects a robust discourse in urban development and urban design that has prevailed in the history of urban planning. Urban livability, on the one hand, testifies to the strong influence and attractiveness of the city, and on the other hand, intensifies urban communication and works by attracting more investment and human and cultural resources. Therefore, the viability of the city is closely related to a healthy city, ecological city and sustainable urban development. The present article seeks to create a practical understanding and knowledge for officials and managers of urban planning in the metropolis of Mashhad in the field of identifying and leveling key factors affecting urban viability. In terms of purpose, this study is applied, in terms of method, it is descriptive-analytical and in terms of data collection method, it is a combination of documentary-survey method. To conduct this research, after reviewing the research background and using the opinion of experts, 22 factors affecting viability in three dimensions were identified. Then, using interpretive structural modeling technique and using a questionnaire, the factors were classified into eight groups. Then, after determining the level of each factor and also considering the final availability matrix, the final model of the interpretive structure was drawn. The results showed that factors such as equitable distribution of infrastructure facilities and services, creating desirable and diverse transportation, meeting daily needs, creating employment and sustainable income, developing mixed land uses and urban diversity and creativity are among key and effective factors in relation to livability in Mashhad metropolis.

The purpose of this study is to determine the key factors affecting land use changes in the pre-urban settlements using a Future study approach. The research method is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research consisted of Mashhad metropolitan settlements. 34 settlements were selected using GIS software. To Determine Factors Affecting Land Use Changes First, the factors affecting land use changes were extracted by document observation method. To determine the factors affecting land use changes first, the factors affecting land use changes were extracted by document observation method then, using the Delphi technique of the managers (dehyaran), the cross-effects matrix of the components was formed. In the next step, with the help of MicMak software, key factors affecting land use changes in suburban settlements are identified and analyzed. The results show that of the 35 primary factors extracted, 14 factors Land use pattern, Employment, Changes in space utilization patterns, Population changes, Rural livelihoods change, Neighborhood change, Living standards, Land and housing change, Rural proximity to towns, rural flows and links - Urbanization, urban development and creep due to urban management decisions, land speculation boom, unnecessary metropolitan marginal population growth, weak supervision of banned lands and areas in construction, change of tools and production resources the most important key factors affecting land use changes in the pre-urban settlements are considered.

A new urbanism theory has emerged in recent decades in response to numerous urban problems of the twentieth century, with the goal of creating vibrant, compact, diverse and desirable cities in terms of work, walking, life, and transportation options. In view of the widespread acceptance of this theory among the Iranian researchers, the aim of this study is to assess the sustainability of organic and planned neighborhoods in Mashhad based on the spatial-physical indexes of new urbanism. In this regard, two neighborhoods, Rah Ahan (organic neighborhood) and the second phase of Rezashahr (planned neighborhood) were selected. This research method is descriptive- analytical and the mixed model of AHP and GIS has been used to assess the stability of two neighborhoods. Accordingly, the Sustainability Measurement Model was used as a hierarchy in the form of 7 physical-space indicators (type of road, pedestrian width, land use, area of lots, access to the center of the neighborhood, number of floors and access to public transport) . Tthe research results show that in Rezashhar, 68.43% of neighborhood area has moderate to high stability and 31.57%  of the total of the neighborhood area is the lack of stability, and in Rah Ahan, 70.84%  of the total of the neighborhood has moderate to high stability and 29.16% of the total of the neighborhood is lack of stability. Therefore, according to the spatial indicators of the new urbanism, the neighborhood of Reza Shahr is more unsustainable than the old neighborhood of Rah Ahan. Therefore, this study shows the richness of traditional Iranian urbanization and the superiority of old neighborhoods. So, it can be said that traditional and organic urbanization is a more appropriate basis for applying the new urbanism approach and this approach can be used in the form of urban regeneration.

Cities and urban spaces can be either positive or negative locations for children. Neighborhoods must ideally be social places for children so that they can easily state the principles of communities and cultures and exchange them with children. This research aimed to study the status quo and the effectiveness of each of CFC indicators in order to evaluate the life satisfaction in Mashhad, Iran. In this regard, we reviewed the CFC literature.

This is an applied, descriptive survey researh. CFC's theoretical principles and literature were reviewed using the documentary studies. Then, the indicators were extracted and localized using the dimensions stated in the last UNICEF Report (2007) and valid sources in this regard. In the first stage, the status was reviewed by a field visit. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire in order to assess the status quo and the effectiveness of indicators from the perspective of parents with 6-12 year-old children and children in some child-based questions. The statistical population consisted of 13 Municipal Districts of Mashhad, Iran. Districts 1, 6, and 8 were selected as the sample using clustering based on the municipal income in 2014. District 1 represents rich class; District 8 shows semi-rich class; and District 6 represents poor class. Data were analyzed by SPSS. To assess the hypothesis, firstly Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was used in order to test the normality of the data and then T. test, Tukey test and ANOVA were employed to review the current situation and the impact indicators as well as the gap analysis.

The results indicated that the effects of the following indicators were not significant in the formation of CFC in Mashhad: Participation in decision-making, health, education, and culture. According to the UNICEF standards, the results of the status quo also showed that all indicators were ranked medium or medium-to-low regardless of quantitative scale using field observations. The measures were among those for developing and developed countries. In quantitative assessment, all indicators were greater than the statistical standard (number 3) except for Playground and Green Spaces

Promoting welfare and healthy city indicators in CFCs requires the participation of all agencies. Municipality as the coordinator between authorities and training and educational bodies can play a key role in this regard. Urban management has come to the conclusion that children are prioritized and municipality is an important part of this element. Without participation, the ultimate goal, which is the healthy society, is not fulfilled.

Today, one of the important issues in urban areas is accessibility. Accessibility is defined as the ability to achieve a variety of activities and services within a reasonable time. This concept is highly dependent on the city's spatial form, access network, type of travel and form of travel, and it is determined by the land use pattern, the nature of the transportation system, and the characteristics of travelers. Of the various transportation options, public transportation is a key component of sustainable transport system. To have a better performance, it should provide access to the core services and activities safely for different classes. In this respect, the present study intends to investigate the role of the light rail transit (LRT) system in Mashhad in accessible hospitals as the main type of health care services. To meet the goals of the study, the questions raised are as follows:
How is the spatial distribution of income groups in urban districts of Mashhad?
How is the shortest distance traveled by the income groups of the districts to the nearest LRT station?
How can access to urban hospitals be made more equitable through LRT for the groups in the all city districts?
Review of Literature

The easiest definition of accessibility is how easy to achieve a specific location. A strong aspect of the concept of accessibility is that it combines land-use and transportation-related features in a simple and unique criterion. Meanwhile, transportation is considered as a tool for having attractive destinations and the location of attractions determines that people use transportation to reach their destinations. If gravity position is close to a place where public transportation is more accessible than private transportation, it is more likely that people will travel through public transportation. In addition, if land use density is higher than public transportation, performance would be more durable in that area. Furthermore, it is usually accepted that encouraging more public transportation than cars and promoting high density land use can help to maintain a more sustainable environment.

The research method is of descriptive-analytic type. The necessary data have been collected using library methods, documents and GIS. The statistical population of the study is the population of all income groups of the Mashhad metropolis distributed in 43 districts of the municipality. The statistical population of the study is the population of all income groups of the Mashhad metropolis dispersed in 43 districts of the municipality. In order to analyze the data, the network analysis was used in the GIS package and the Hansen's Access Model (Formula 1).

The income groups of Mashhad are classified under five classes of very low to high income, which are dispersed in 43 urban districts. Nearly 50% of the population of the Mashhad metropolitan is in low to moderate income groups. The largest group is the middle income group with 27.49% of the total population of the city, while the smallest is the very high income group with 11.46% of the total urban population.
In general, 68.97% of the total population of the city, which are located in 32 municipalities, ranges from very low to moderate distances of LRT stations (0-600 meters), mostly including the middle income group (more than 40% of the population of this group in short and very short distances) and very low income group (more than 55% of the population in the middle distance) respectively. Of the total population of city, 31.03% are located at a very large distance (601 - +800 meters) of the nearest LRT stations, which are mostly included in the middle income group.
The measurement of the spatial accessibility of areas to hospitals through LRT shows that of 43 municipal districts, 13 districts (30.23%) have moderate to very high access, whereas the LRT routes and the concentrate of hospitals (mostly with high stretch degrees) are seen as possibly close and there is less distance to reach the hospitals. Access is lower than the average in 30 districts (69.77%). The assessment of access scores based on income groups also shows that generally only 22.25% of the total urban population has moderate to very high access, which mostly includes a moderate and high income groups. While 77.65% of the population is at low and very low levels of access to hospitals, most of them include high and very low income groups.

As for considering fair space accessibility to hospitals as the most important health care services for all income groups of the community, findings of the research indicate that the existing and predicted LRT system is ineffective. Thus, the spatial imbalance of access could be seen among the population of each income group. In order to improve the performance of this system in terms of more equitable access to hospital health services, some suggestions are made in the following:
The distance to LRT system for those districts and income groups that are far from the system should be expanded through the forecasting and launching of new routes (in addition to the current 4 routes) so that communication with the hospitals within the city will be fairer for its inhabitants.
Hospitals with a low degree of stretch should also be added to their capacity if possible, and also be adjacent to the four LRT routes.
If there are plans for the construction of new hospitals in the field of their location, special attention should be paid to the existing infrastructure (Line 1 and Phase I of line 2) and the predicted infrastructure of LRT (Phase II line 2, line 3 and line 4).