جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "urban decay" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

The need to investigate urban issues in a systematic way, connected to socio-economic fields, is one of the main tasks of urban planning. One of the fields that needs this type of analysis is the field of inefficiency and urban decay, which has been studied and investigated mainly in the form of inefficient and isolated urban textures. In this regard, the lack of recognition of the process of urban decay has made urban plans ineffective in many cases. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the factors and results of urban decay in Iran, and to identify the trends of urban decay.

A quantitative method has been used for this research. The statistical sample equals 10 experts in the field of urban studies. Two models MicMac and ScenarioWizard have been used. The first model is used to identify the influential factors and the second model is used to predict the future trends of the explanatory indicators of urban decay in Iran.

45 indicators related to urban decay were compared. The causal cases were identified. Finally, it was found that widespread financial corruption, distribution of rents from oil (subsidized) revenues, non-integrated urban management, distribution of rents for jobs and government positions, influence of state-government institutions in the creation and joining of new areas to cities are the most causal factors of urban decay. Based on future trend analysis 8 scenarios imply on urban decay with higher rate and 14 scenarios urban decay will continue with current rate.

Paying attention to the results obtained in this research will be efficient for decision makers of macro planning and urban planning at the national and regional levels.

The dilapidated structures of Isfahan face a complex combination of social, economic and environmental problems; That urban regeneration takes steps to solve these problems by using the tools of empowering a cohesive community and promoting the active participation of citizens. This process in the context of cyberspace seeks to facilitate communication between citizens and officials; Electronic authorization is introduced. One of the methods of implementing the electronic authorization process in cyberspace is the use of requirements engineering method, which is introduced based on the identification of requirements and its analysis, system users and their activities. This study has been compiled with the aim of achieving the analysis of users' needs and their activities in order to realize the process of electronic authorization based on the Use Case. Based on this, this article is a research with features such as inductive, applied and descriptive-analytical, which determines the system requirements by using the jury method and content analysis method using Atlas ti software. Requirements analysis shows that users of the electronic authorization process system, including residents of worn-out tissues of Isfahan, facilitator, technical expert and trainer, are responsible and the activities of each based on the authorization process and requirements in Visual Paradigm software as a use case diagram; Displayed as Integrated Modeling Language (UML). The diagrams used are a demonstration of how the relationship between the user and the activities in the cyclical system of the electronic empowerment process for the residents of the worn-out urban tissues of Isfahan.

Today, the participation of people and citizens is a debate, but unfortunately, the position of the citizen and their participation in urban affairs, directly or indirectly, which affects life and destiny, is not given much importance in research. One of the main obstacles in urban development plans is neglecting the participation and contribution of local people and institutions. Such a situation causes citizens to feel less spiritual belonged to their city and its management, and not only they are not encouraged in the implementation of development plans, but consider the plans as an invasive element their personal property. Today, one of the most important issues in urban planning is Urban decay. Urban decay is sometimes urban fabric with a rich identity and associated with a high sense of belonging of residents, so it is important and necessary to involve the opinions of residents in the preparation of relevant plans.

Aims and Objectives:

The purpose of this project is to identify the challenges and problems of people in Abkooh neighborhood in Mashhad that is considered as urban decay.

The research method is descriptive. The data is collected by desktop research and communicating with people which is the most appropriate way to collect data related to the case study. Therefore, a questionnaire and interview are used. SWOT and QSPM techniques are used to analyze the data and GIS software is used to generate the map.  

According to the SWOT technique, there are more internal weaknesses and more external opportunities in Abkooh neighborhood. According to Driskel theory, the level of people's participation is so limited. The most important problems and challenges of public participation are: changing the management system, changing approaches and views to approved plans, lack of people's comments and suggestions and the lack of non-governmental organizations.

The central and old texture of cities, which were once the most important and best residential neighborhoods of cities and due to the presence of human communities today have many historical and memorable elements, has now suffered from inefficiency. Burnout, inefficiency and reduced efficiency is one texture compared to other urban textures. Erosion of the tissue and its internal elements occurs either due to antiquity or due to the lack of a development program and technical supervision over the formation of that tissue. The consequence of tissue depletion, which ultimately leads to the destruction of citizens, can be perceived and identified in various forms, including the reduction or lack of viability and safety conditions, as well as physical, social, economic and institutional disorders. Worn tissue is the whole or part of the urban space whose biological system is disturbed and inefficient both in terms of construction and function of its vital components. In other words, areas of the city that suffer from urban decline and spatial concentration and consequently suffer from the economic, social, physical and environmental problems caused by it are called declining and worn urban textures. Today, people's participation in renovating the old texure fabric of cities is considered as the most important factor for success in urban management. It is obvious that the participation of the people in the renovation of the old texure tissue requires the necessary motivations of the residents and the existence of the necessary motivations requires their conviction in this work. Jahrom, as one of the important cities in the south of Fars province, also has problems. It suffers from old texture tissues and over time has embraced old texure neighborhoods. The city has a population of 141,634; And about 104 hectares of it is the old texure fabric of the city. The population of worn tissue is equal to 22375 people. In this regard, the present study tries to investigate the role of public participation in organizing the old texure urban fabric in Jahrom.

This research is based on the purpose of applied-developmental type and using the library method, the theoretical foundations of the research have been collected and with field observations using a questionnaire tool, the required information has been collected. After compiling the questionnaire using simple random sampling method, these questionnaires were completed. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula of 250 people. Data were analyzed using SPSS and ArcGis software using factor analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. The variables studied in this study include physical dimensions, social dimensions, economic dimensions and environmental dimensions.

Factor-heuristic analysis method has been used to prioritize the variables. To perform a satisfactory factor analysis, the KMO value must be greater than /5. .The results of the calculations show that more than /5. (KMO = 575) and sig (sig =/000), so the existence of correlations between variables is confirmed. In this regard, to process the data and identify the underlying factors of the research variables, the principal component analysis method has been used. According to the degree of correlation of each of the indicators, appropriate titles can be selected for each of them, which are discussed below. The first factor alone accounts for 16.287% of the variance and has the greatest impact among the four factors. Therefore, based on the accumulated variables, this factor can be called physical. The second factor accounts for 11.04.04% of the variance and is known as the second factor. Based on the loaded variables, it can be called a social factor. The third factor accounts for 8.972% of the variance and can be called an economic factor. The fourth factor accounts for 7.574 57 574% of the variance. Based on the loaded variables, this factor can be called an environmental factor.

The city of Jahrom is one of the cities that, while having potential capabilities in attracting population, has faced the problem of old texture tissue. In this regard, in this article, the role of public participation in organizing the old texure fabric of Jahrom was analyzed. Based on the results of factor analysis technique, physical factor including the variables of quality of communication channels, life of the residential unit, type of occupation of the residential unit, building materials, residents' satisfaction with the physical condition of the neighborhood, educational and cultural spaces and quality of buildings alone / 287 It accounts for 16% of the variance and has the greatest impact among the four factors. Social factors such as; Indigenous variables of place, previous place of residence in case of migration, family residence history in place and literacy, which account for 11.04.04% of the variance and is known as the second factor. The economic factor includes the variables of financial assistance to residents, monthly household income, monthly household expenditure and the job of the head of the household account for 8.972% of the variance and the environmental factor includes, how to dispose of garbage in the neighborhood, how to dispose of sewage in Neighborhood and lack of health facilities. This factor accounts for 7.574% of the variance. Also, the results indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between the two variables of participation rate and trust rate according to the value of Pearson correlation coefficient (.168). In addition, there is a statistically significant relationship between the two variables of satisfaction and public participation. It can be concluded that the physical factor or in other words physical problems as the most important problem and subsequently social problems in the current situation of the worn tissue has been influential. Therefore, in the dimension of organizing the worn tissue, attention to the above factors can be considered as an effective way in planning and organizing them. 

Urban regeneration and regeneration of decaying tissues has been called. Clever management in combination with the participation of role-makers and attention to contextual features is one of the main reasons for the success of these projects. Experiences based on the last three decades in Iran indicate that the importance of intervening in declining urban areas, given the evolution of this attitude, is one of the major challenges facing urban practitioners. If the lack of an integrated approach based on intervention aimed at creating mobility, dynamics and wealth in the declining zones is one of the most important reasons for failure of these projects. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to identify the causes of deterioration and inefficiencies in urban contexts. To this end, firstly, by reviewing the theories and views of experts on this subject, we will examine the concept of deterioration and causes of burnout in urban contexts, drawing on Western European experiences in urban regeneration and regeneration. Secondly, by analyzing the regeneration approach as a new and integrated approach and the role of social, economic dimensions as crucial elements in the declining zones interventions. In the third stage, the economic and social paradigm and concepts such as participation and wisdom management are explored to enhance the theoretical knowledge in the field of urban interventions and rely on this theoretical knowledge to develop more effective policies to achieve an integrated approach to intervention.

Rehabilitation and renovation are of the major challenges with which urban management is facing in developing countries. Identifying physical and functional status of these textures is important for planning, managing, and maintaining them. Urban decay in Nahavand covers an area of 166 hectares consisting of seventeen dead tissues in the neighborhoods. The areas, despite the capabilities in physical, socio - economic and cultural – historical matters, are deficient somehow. In this study, SWOT analysis was used in order to assess the situation of urban decay in Nahavand. The research method used in this article was analytical and documents - literature and field observations were used in order to obtain the necessary data. The results of this study showed that the urban decay of Nahavand because of being ignored by officials and authorities of the city has turned into a serious problem experiencing disorder in social, economic, infrastructural, and bioenvironmental grounds. The city officials have not had any contribution to remove the existing problems either. It seems that any change in their approaches toward the mentioned texture, not as a threat but as an opportunity, most of the problems in the city can be removed and the potentials of Nahavand can be realized to develop this city fundamentally.

Promotion of new needs of urban life due to urban growth, has disrupted the old and modern parts of cities. structure of old neighborhoods around central core of the cities has been unable to respond to the needs of contemporary life and it seems necessary to adopt an efficient method before the ancient urban fabric becomes a crisis, The new urbanism movement is a new approach for interfering with old and worn urban texture. The purpose of this research is to analyze the dimensions of urban decay and presenting strategies for sustainable regeneration of Sardozak neighborhood with regard to the principles of the new urbanism approach and then determining the priority of these strategies for planning this neighborhood. The research method is descriptive-analytic. In order to analyze the data related to urban decline, the hierarchical analysis model was used to weigh indices and information layers. Using the weighted overlay model, the final map of the urban decline was produced. A combination of SWOT and network analysis (ANP) was also used for strategic planning. The results show that 75.2% of the neighborhood is in a high and very high level of physical deprivation and 27% of the neighborhood is in high and very high socioeconomic decline. Also in the strategic planning for Sardozak neighborhood with regard to new urbanism movement, (Wo) strategies with 0.315 weight will be the priority and after that (WT) strategies with weight 0.292, (ST) strategies with the weight of 0.209 and the (SO) strategies with weight 0.182 are the next priorities.

Analysis of spatial patterns of deterioration and spatial relationships between deterioration and its influencing factors in order to better understand of effective factors and improve performance of urban renewal management is very impressive and significant. So this research uses spatial statistical methods to analyze the spatial pattern of deterioration and its influencing factors. The results of the application of Moran's index on the spatial distribution of deterioration, this coefficient is positive and equal to 0.314. Representing the spatial distribution of the deterioration is cluster. Since Moran index can not identify Spatial diverse patterns, General G statistic analysis was covered the defect. General G statistic showed that neighborhoods with high deterioration together and have a high concentration of the cluster. About 6.29 percent of the area of deteriorate devoted to hot high-cluster and consists of five neighborhoods. Since the deterioration dependent on the local and spatial variables, Geographically weighted regression (GWR) was used to investigate the influencing factors on the deterioration. The results showed that the model with R^2 = 0.92 and R^2 Adjusted equal to 0.84 has acceptable accuracy in modeling the spatial relationships of effective factors on urban deterioration as well as Moran’s I of residuals GWR refers to insignificant autocorrelation. The results shows that impermeability, microlithic, the quality of infrastructure, dependency ratio, leasehold property and land prices variables have increasingly effect on deterioration. So these findings can scientific basis for policy in order to reduce deterioration and its effective.

An examination of the population of Mashhad city during the years 1986-2011 shows a population decline in the central region and population growth in the margins. The case of existing population and occupations can be explained by the concept of urban decay. The main problem investigated in the present study is that, contrary to this general process, Isar district has been successfully renovated and developed in a region, which faces urban decay. Subsequently, the main subject of the study is to examine the role of economic elites in such a development. It is an important experience due to relatively successful pattern documentation and expansion of the literature on the revival of unorganized urban textures, development based on the private sector, public-private cooperation, and good urban governance. The present inquiry is a descriptive-analytical study conducted using the causal, post-event method. The subject was explained through library studies, documents, and surveys. In addition to field data and official census, 97 questionnaires were distributed among store managers across Isar Bazar, 53% of which were completed. Moreover, the spatial and non-spatial relations were tested using general and spatial regression.
Instruments used for statistical processing and map cartography included SPSS, Excel, SAGA, and ArcGIS software. Since the concept of growth machine as an independent variable is abstract as well as the fact that decisions made by urban elites occur through real estate investments and population attraction. Some explaining indices were examined as mediator variables; finally, the independent variables were examined in two groups including variables related to investment (5 variables) and variables related to population attraction (12) in Isar district. Testing the hypotheses of the study shows that the coalition between production and commercial elite of Isar district (growth machine) along with the initial investments and business development have resulted in a rise in real estate value, population attraction, and retention along with physical, economic, and social development and an increase of services per capita. In this regard, the population and family growth of the district during the years 2011-16 have reached 1.1% and 2.6%, respectively. Regression between the explaining variables and population growth shows that the variable of commercial use area in 2015 is of the highest extent of explanation with a determination coefficient of 54%, compared to other variables. The spatial determination coefficient obtained for four explaining variables account for 64-66% of the spatial characteristic relative to the changes in population. An investigation of land use across the district demonstrates that during the years 2001-04, a number of functions were added to the district including 20 for education, 11 for religion, and 6 for healthcare. In confirming the first hypothesis, field investigations showed that a small group of entrepreneurs who are residents of the district were the pioneers of entering Isar Bazar; their investments resulted in a rise in population growth rate and subsequent investments. Regression between the explaining variables and population growth shows that the variable of commercial use area in 2015 is of the highest extent of explanation with a determination coefficient of 54%, compared to other variables; consequently, the second hypothesis is also confirmed.
The third hypothesis is also confirmed through examining the district’s population, as the variable has been witnessing a rising trend during the years 2011-16, ultimately reaching 1.1%. These numerical changes have been accompanied by qualitative changes in the district. Furthermore, given the number of added service functions, the hypothesis stating the increase in service and welfare functions required by the residents as one of the uses of growth machine and a cause of population growth in the district, is confirmed. Other findings of the study are presented in the following:Given a context of competition based on the free market, the growth machine could lead to economic growth and it could benefit low-income groups in the district’s society.
According to field observations, the elites’ strategy for action through the exploitation of a more efficient mixture of production factors, in other words, creativity and entrepreneurship, is the reason for their success.
The local community of Isar district has been improved which was not through forced migration of disadvantaged groups (the authenticity phenomenon) and replacing them with middle and upper-class groups.
As the growth machine’s fulcrum, entrepreneurs have had the highest share in developments taken place in Isar district, while others have been less influential. Their absence or lack of influence would weaken the district.
Since the members of the growth machine adjust their behavior according to the market system (maximum profit), private functions and services have the lowest chance to be actualized.
Factors such as overcrowded business spaces, fixed and variable population density of the district, noise pollutions, automobiles exhaustion, and increased crime rate are caused by the unlimited development of the district occurring outside its capacities.
As both the development and decline of Isar district is intertwined with the market development at Isar Bazar, the following actions are recommended in order to introduce competitiveness in Isar market:Provision of the required urban infrastructure
Improving the environment and perspective quality
Preventing the formation of exclusivity in ownership, business, and obstruction in market development
Paying attention to the locality and endogenous aspects of district development
Paying attention to enhancing the district’s security

Over the past several decades, despite billions of dollars spent on various programs, the urban sprawl; has marked effective revitalization even more problematic. In fact urban sprawl and urban decay are not two spate phenomena and we cannot solve one problem without solving the other. Most cities nowadays suffer from these two problems and Maragheh is not an exception. The population of Maragheh raised from 100000 in 1986 up to 149000 in 2006 with an annual growth rate 2 percent. On the other hand, over the same period the urban area increased from 927 hectares to 2597 hectares with an annual growth rate of 5.28 percent. A simple comparison of population growth and the urban area growth from 1986 to 2006 indicates that development of Maragheh was sprawl and its share according to the Holdern model was 61.3 percent.Because of this growth, inner-city neighborhoods have experienced considerable out migration, flight of capital and economical activities, and growth of urban decay.The present paper aims to analysis past urban development patterns and their impacts on inner-city neighborhoods decay. It hypothesized that ''inner-city development'' would be the best alternative to urban sprawl in order to accomplish the twin goals of preserving of open spaces and natural habits and revitalize urban area.

To be sustainable, old areas need a controlled effort which can be crystallized through a renewal and rehabilitation plan; The plan is continuous in its nature and should transform finally into a span tenuous system. The process does not take place immediately, but is complicated and it requires short- term oriented plans as well as middle and long term ones. It is necessary to identify the old parts, the whole urban system and the local system if it is to achieve ideal renewal and regeneration. Bandar abbas city faces a large numbere of physical problems as a metropolitan area in terms of its role both across the country and locally. Among the most basic problems is the decay of the whole city which has represented the worst image within an area of 1500Ha (equal to 3750 acres). The problems was worsened by socio cultural indicators, the heterogeneity of social environment as well as physical dimonsion. No concern for the problem was raised in the master plans, one of the important urban physical planning, in terms of the nature and services the description of their corresponding, and the unfavered condition. A set of pre-determined issues was advanced according the description of the services. Moreover, since the plan was not implemented on schedule, it could lead to such condition development and renewal programs on a small scale and in a particular period failed to tackle the problem. Therefore the present study seeks to explore the challenging areas and parts of the city with an emphasis on those that require more improvements in the city and suggests some solutions to regenerate and renew the 3750 acre area.

Nowadays, the complications of fast, unrestricted and unplanned urbanization and lack of proper management in some cities have reached a level that it has basically made urbanization an undesirable phenomenon with a negative value.
The tendency towards more concentration and polarization in the upper levels of the urban community and the distance between the high levels and the low, the tendency towards thoughtless growth in terms of disparity between the scale and performance of cities and ... are among the factors that cause the increasing decline in the efficiency of urban per capita income , speculative activity, dominance of unofficial sector on the official, and the growth of social-cultural crises, and as a result, the sources and factors of production have swallowed their own region and create their own further growth.
In this regard, the old texture of the city of Khorramabad, despite its potential historical, economic, social and cultural capabilities, suffers from these problems. The composition of the population, the cultural differences of the inhabitants, and legal problems that are the outcome of the lack of proper and principled policy-making are among the characteristics of this texture. The low value of land and buildings, the lack of social and psychological security, the dominance of low income jobs and the presence of significant poverty in the old texture of the city compared to the new are also among the characteristics of these types of textures.
The main objective of this study is to identify the physical-functional structure and the issues and problems of the old texture of Khorramabad city. The results of the research show that the absence of suitable executive plans, lack of urban unit management, issues and legal problems related to property ownership, economic and cultural poverty, old and weary buildings and their lack of renovation, and ... are among the main problems of this texture. In this paper, we have studied physical-spatial and functional problems of the central part of Khorramabad using secondary, descriptive and analytical research methods along with field study.