جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "viability" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Dangers such as rapid population growth, loss of agricultural land and open spaces, lack of adequate housing, increasing social inequalities between urban and rural areas, and loss of sense of place in rural areas threaten the quality of life of rural communities. Subsequently, viability came to the fore and grew. Due to the importance of the subject, the present study was conducted with the aim of causally analyzing the components affecting the viability of rural areas. This research is applied in terms of purpose and based on descriptive-analytical nature. The statistical population is 5 villages in the central part of Ardestan city with 1524 families. The sample size was estimated to be 289 based on Cochran's formula. The distribution of the number of samples in the studied villages is stratified and based on the number of their households. 21 items were used to analyze the issue in social, environmental and economic dimensions. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of expert and experienced experts. The reliability coefficient of total viability based on Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 0.846. The results show that the measured validity of all five measurement models as well as the second-order three-factor model is acceptable for the study of viability. Finally, the social index (0.55), environmental index (0.33) and economic index (0.23) explain the factor loads.

The aim of this study is to identify the key factors affecting the viability of Zabol city. Therefore, the present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method is based on new methods of futurology, research, analysis and exploration. In order to collect the required data and information, a questionnaire and Delphi technique and documentary studies and libraries have been used.To apply the Delphi technique and analyze the cross-effects, questionnaires have been prepared in two stages. Various and comprehensive aspects of viability have been provided to experts, which led to the general extraction of factors affecting the viability of Zabol city. The second phase includes 30 questionnaires to determine the main factors affecting the viability of Zabol city through weighting, which was completed by experts and finally used to analyze the collected data from MicMac software. The results show that among the 33 main factors affecting the survival of Zabol city, a total of 8 key variables affect the survival of Zabul city, so that these variables have the most impact and the least impact on the future of survival in Zabul city . It includes factors such as "deprivation, investment, residents' desire to live, access to infrastructure, housing and roads, urban furniture and quality of appearance, social interactions, civic and collective institutions." Due to the relationship and internal impact of these factors with each other, the quality of each of these factors should be improved.

Housing resilience is one of the important issues that is based on improving the quality of life of villagers in order to prevent possible damage and make villages livable. Building suitable housing and improving its indicators will increase stability and livability and increase the motivation of the village population to stay and the resistance of rural buildings against threats. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of housing resilience on livability in rural areas. In terms of practical purpose, this research is based on analytical and exploratory nature and its governing approach is qualitative-quantitative. The statistical community is the central part of Ardabil city. In order to examine the issue, the opinions of 30 experts and specialists related to the present issue were used in a targeted manner. The results based on the experts' point of view to identify the driving components of housing resilience after four rotations showed that among the 30 components, 12 are key resilience components. Also, the results of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive relationship between the components of resilience and livability. The results of multivariate regression also showed that the resilience components had an effect on livability and explained 0.610 of the total variance of rural livability. Therefore, paying attention to the livability of these areas in the form of improving and modernizing the village and increasing welfare can provide the grounds for the sustainability of the population in rural areas, and for its development, physical problems and an unfavorable environment must be eliminated first.

Evaluation of the viability indicators can be used for comparing the status of different geographical areas of the city and prioritizing them in terms of facilities, services, and urban bottlenecks. The purpose of the present study is to prioritize the viability of Shahrekord districts and neighborhoods based on the role of urban management. The present study is descriptive and applied research. The population of the study consisted of 160000 inhabitants of Shahrekord. The research instrument was a questionnaire consisting of three sections: social, economic, and environmental with 85 items. The collected data were analyzed by Friedman test using the  SPSS22 and GIS software. The results indicated that most of the administrative and service centers are located in district 1 of the city and thus it is ranked first in terms of viability, while district 2 is in the second rank. Also, the ranking of different neighborhoods in the city of Shahrekord indicates that the neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city are far from the center and due to their heterogeneous population and suburbs, lack of suitable facilities and services ranks last as far as viability is concerned while downtown areas are in a better condition.

One of the new approaches in the direction of urban sustainability is the concept of livability, which emphasizes on improving the quality of various economic, social, environmental and physical indicators in the city. In this study, which was conducted with the aim of assessing the livability situation in 10 areas of Tabriz, the descriptive-analytical method and questionnaire tools (at both levels of citizens and experts) were used. In this regard, one-sample t-test in SPSS software environment, Vicker multi-attribute decision model and interaction / structural analysis method using Mick Mac software for data analysis have been used. The statistical population of this study was the residents of 10 districts of Tabriz, and the statistical sample was selected based on stratified sampling method and the proportion of population share of the regions using simple random sampling method. The results show that according to both experts (3.04) and citizens (3.20), the average of the four dimensions of livability of Tabriz metropolis is higher than the average (theoretical average of 3). According to the opinions of the citizens of District 9 and according to the opinions of experts, District 1 is in the first place. The results of Vickor analysis also show the first rank of Region 2 in terms of viability. Regarding the influential factors resulting from Mick Mac software, "creating employment and sustainable income" is the most important known factor. The results show that the factors of job creation and sustainable income, renovation of worn-out texture, improvement of suburban texture, provision of suitable housing, development of green and open spaces and provision of infrastructure services are key factors, respectively. Considering this, it can be said that among the 10 areas of Tabriz metropolis, we are witnessing a spatial imbalance in terms of livability, and the optimal management of the mentioned cases plays an important role in eliminating this spatial imbalance.

In recent years, the issue of sustainable development in urban areas has been one of the most important topics among researchers, professors and urban planning experts, and although many questions have been focused on what should be done and how to solve these challenges and how to do it. (Pourmohammadi, 2003: 1) But in reality, effective solutions are few and the need to renew the attitude to the city and, of course, urban planning, is more evident than ever. Cities face many challenges in the economic, social and environmental fields. At the same time, the increase in population along with the increasing proportion of urbanization has brought harmful consequences for cities. Continuation of such urban growth with social, economic, and environmental problems is critical and is a warning of urban instability, which in turn has severely affected livability in cities (Sasanpour et al., 2014: 29). In this regard, reducing social, cultural, service problems, strengthening the spirit of citizen participation in urban affairs, restoring peace, comfort and beauty to urban environments, implementing social justice effectively and restoring security in various dimensions, all in the hands of management It is an optimal city (Hosseinzadeh Dalir et al., 2012: 161). In this study, which has been conducted with the aim of studying the situation of livability in the regions of Tabriz, while comparatively comparing the situation of regions based on objective and subjective approaches, has identified the key components affecting the promotion of livability. The main question of the research is what is the situation of different areas of Tabriz in terms of livability? And what factors affect the improvement of livability in these areas?

Descriptive-analytical method and questionnaire tools (at two levels of citizens and experts) have been used. In this regard, one-sample t-test in SPSS software environment, Vicker's multi-attribute decision model and interaction / structural impact analysis method were used using Mick Mac software to analyze the data. The statistical population of this study was the residents of 10 districts of Tabriz, and the statistical sample was selected based on stratified sampling method and the proportion of population share of the regions using simple random sampling method.

The physical dimension, based on the opinions of experts and the sample t-test, has an average of 3.28, which is above average. The value of this dimension, according to citizens, is equal to 3.20 above average (theoretical average of 3). According to the opinions of the citizens of District 9 and according to the opinions of experts, District 1 is in the first place. The results of Vickor analysis also show the first rank of Region 2 in terms of viability. Regarding the effective factors obtained from Mick Mac software, the results show that the renovation of worn tissue and the improvement of marginal tissue are key influential factors.

In the section of biodegradability analysis, based on objective criteria, 8 criteria were used and the areas were ranked according to their per capita related to urban uses using the Victor technique. The ranking of the regions is; Zones 2, 9, 5, 1, 6, 7, 3, 4, 9 and 10. Regarding the analysis of key factors affecting urban livability, cross-structural / structural analysis method was used. This was done in the Mic Mac software environment. The results show that in order of factors; Creating employment and sustainable income, renovating worn-out structures, improving suburban structures, providing adequate housing, developing green and open spaces, and providing infrastructure services are key factors. Considering this, it can be said that among the 10 areas of Tabriz metropolis, we are witnessing a spatial imbalance in terms of livability, and the optimal management of the mentioned cases plays an important role in eliminating this spatial imbalance. Based on this, it can be acknowledged that achieving viability requires an attitude similar to a living organism that people and place are two sides of this living organism.

Viability is one of the approaches that seek to create a safe and healthy environment for human societies. Today, cities face many challenges in the economic, social, and environmental fields. At the same time, population growth, along with the growing proportion of urbanization, has had detrimental consequences for cities. Continuation of such urban growth with social, economic, and environmental problems is critical and warns against urban instability. Meanwhile, other problems drastically reduce the quality of life and, consequently, livability in cities. Therefore, today the necessity and importance of the discussion of viability and sustainable development in cities are quite obvious. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the viability of neighborhoods in Yasuj with emphasis on sustainable development. The research method is descriptive-analytical with an applied purpose. The data required for the analysis were collected through a questionnaire and then analyzed using SPSS, ArcMap, Excel, Shannon entropy model, and TOPSIS. The results of calculations and evaluation show that not all neighborhoods of Yasuj have the same viability. The neighborhood Zir-e Juma Bazaar has the highest level of viability whereas Eram neighborhood has the lowest level of viability.

Sustainability is one of the new concepts of urban planning that deals with the suitability of the urban environment for human life. This concept, which is a physical-social quality, is strongly influenced by the conditions of public spaces and places where people interact with each other and with the environment. The study of the status of public and urban urban spaces in Iran shows that except for the few contemporary and often historical suburban urban spaces, most contemporary public spaces are developed on the ground and on the ground floor. This is observed in the conditions of the possibility of using the underground surfaces and has eliminated the dynamic and community-oriented spaces in the lower floors and as a result, has led to the reduction of social supervision and security in the underground spaces.The increase in the population of human societies has led to the growth of densely populated, dense and densely populated cities, which has made development at altitude and underground. Despite the benefits of crowded human life together, overcrowding poses a threat to human bio-quality. The concept of viability, in response to this concern, addresses the objective and subjective qualities that humans expect from the environment. New subsurface developments, which are mainly due to the increase in density and congestion in cities, in most cases, less attention has been paid to human biodiversity below ground and more attention has been paid to functional aspects. Reducing social oversight, security, ventilation, lighting and humidity control, readability and orientation are among the most important challenges of this type of development. The need to create and popularize the use of dynamic and community-oriented public spaces in the lower classes has been the impetus for this research.In order to provide a model for improving livability in subterranean public spaces of cities, the collected qualitative data were analyzed simultaneously by documentary method (basic analysis) and foundation data (complementary analysis). The method of data collection is documentary study and semi-structured interview. Nvivo software was used for qualitative data analysis and coding. From the combination of basic and complementary analysis, the key components that make up the livable subsurface space are the performance-accessibility components; Perceptual; Identity; Environment and resilience were identified and studied. Also, the data method of the foundation was used to present the model. Based on the questions raised in the interview process, 389 referrals were made. With multiple revisions and integration of codes based on similarity during several stages of data summarization, 20 initial codes and 7 axial codes were extracted and after discovering the causal relationships, a livable subsurface space model based on the snowflake pattern was presented.

The concept of livability is one of the new and emerging concepts in the literature of geography and rural planning that focuses on the ability of place. Currently, the poor living conditions in the rural areas of our country have caused the villages to face many challenges in the economic, social and environmental fields. Consequently, it is necessary to pay attention to the viability of rural settlements. The statistical population of this research is the villages of Sowme Sara county. The aim of this study is to analyze the economic viability of rural settlements in Sowme Sara county by descriptive-analytical method. To achieve this goal, library resources and field studies based on the distribution of questionnaires and interviews with 377 heads of households living in sample villages (20 villages selected by stratified random sampling method) have been used. In order to assess economic viability, five components of employment and income, household expenditure, agricultural status, land and housing value, and tourism status were identified. In this study, one sample t-test analysis, multiple regression and path analysis were used in SPSS software. The results showed that the economic viability is lower than the expected average. Also, the amount of livability is directly affected by the employment and income index (0.422) and tourism index (0.269).

Urban livability has increased dramatically in relation to the new planning tasks in responding to the needs of post-industrial society, which is in dire need of facilities, facilities and quality of life, and on the other hand, livability due to the threats facing urban life today. It has doubled in importance. The main purpose of this study is to assess the viability of Shiraz. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey methods have been used. 385 heads of households were surveyed to collect viability information through a questionnaire. For data analysis, sample sampling test was used. In the economic dimension, according to the obtained averages and the significance level of the items, which are all less than the accepted value (0.5). Therefore, it can be said with 95% probability that the economic index in Shiraz is not in a favorable condition. The social dimension indicates that in only 4 cases (access to cultural and religious sites, access to historical sites, access to leisure, recreational and sports spaces and the quality of medical and health services), the means were higher than the numerical value (3). ﻧﺴﺖ that the component of the status of solid housing ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺿﺎﻳﺖ in 3 ﺳﺎﮐﻨﻴﻦ neighborhoods and out of ﺳﻮﻯ 2 component the amount of suitable and sufficient area in housing ﮐﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻩ ﻩ ﻩ ﺳﺖ and in general according to the total average below the standard average, residents' dissatisfaction with Indicates the physical index. The livability of Shiraz city was studied based on economic, social, environmental and physical dimensions. The results show that the livability of Shiraz metropolis is moderate and unfavorable.

The world today is struggling with many issues and problems that it is not able to solve these problems, although sometimes solutions are offered by networks to solve these problems, but they can not completely solve these problems. And requires the collective and common wisdom of global actors. For decades, rural areas around the world have faced challenges such as declining economic activity, restructuring traditional agricultural industries, aging populations and migrating young people abroad for higher education, and reducing the quality of life in small towns and villages. The effective performance of public administration units is considered a condition for the development of regions, countries and communities. This well-known model provides the basis for the principles of good governance proposed by the World Bank in the 1990s. Governance has emerged as an alternative to traditional methods of governance and governance, and has emerged as a political structure or organization and NGOs to address policy issues and can serve as decision-making processes. Define a group of governmental and non-governmental actors to deal with different situations

This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method of descriptive-analytical work, which is done in two ways: library study and field survey. In the descriptive study section, the library method has the main application because the theoretical foundations of research and aristocracy on the subject of research are available and documented only by reviewing existing studies and researches. It is also possible to know the current situation of the study area by describing what exists. The statistical population of the study consists of all the people of Tamandan village, which according to the 2016 census, is 272 people. Using the Cochran's formula, 160 questionnaires were completed randomly in such a way that each element of the target community was selected Are equal. It should be noted that the number of samples was selected from people over 18 years. For the validity of the questionnaire in the present study, the formal method has been used to increase the degree of validity. For this purpose, the questionnaire was given to experts, specialists and professors after compilation, and after collecting their opinions, the necessary corrections were made. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used to obtain the reliability of the questionnaire. The obtained Cronbach's alpha value for governance indices is 0.84 and for viability indices is 0.81. Multivariate regression analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and one-sample t-test were used to analyze the findings.

The descriptive results of the study show that 50 respondents, equal to 30% of the frequency, are women and 110 respondents, equal to 70% of the frequency, are men. 57 people were married with 36% of the frequency and 103 people were married with 64% of the frequency. The lowest frequency is related to the age group of 20-30 years with a frequency of 16 people, 10% of the frequency and the highest frequency is related to the age group of 30-40 years with a frequency of 46 people, which is 29% of the frequency. . The highest frequency percentage is related to the diploma group with 39% and the lowest frequency percentage with 3% is related to the master's degree group and higher. The highest frequency is related to farmers with 35% and the lowest percentage is related to the occupational group of employees with 8% of frequency. The highest frequency percentage with 31% is related to the income of 700 thousand Tomans up to 1 million Tomans and the lowest frequency percentage with 10% is related to the income group higher than 2.5 million Tomans.

The results of the studies indicate that if good governance in the villages is in a good and desirable condition, it will undoubtedly increase the livelihood in the villages, which will prevent the migration of villagers to the cities. Improving the quality of life of the villagers, providing appropriate infrastructure in the village, reducing tensions and interactions among the villagers, creating green and pleasant spaces in the villages, involving the villagers in rural development projects and consulting with them, providing A safe and secure environment that leads to peace of mind for the villagers, increasing the sense of place among the villagers, increasing the level of trust among the villagers towards the village managers, providing desirable health and educational facilities in the village and providing conditions in the village for rural employment In the rural environment, all the factors that rural managers can provide in the form of good governance in the village and improve livability in the village, otherwise the livability in the village is reduced and the villagers seek to increase Quality of life will inevitably migrate from the village, which will cause instability in the village.

Urban population, urbanization growth, Reduce green spaces, High fossil fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and Use of inappropriate materials They have created a heat island over the cities That cause the city's air several degrees Celsius warmer surroundings.Nowadays, science has proven that there has been a lot of climate change throughout the life of the planet Earth, and many indicators show that human intervention in nature is accelerating natural processes. Humans have been known to be involved in the occurrence of many natural disasters including global warming, sea-level rise, forest destruction, ozone depletion, acid rain, and biodiversity decline. Population growth, urbanization, green space decrease, fossil fuels overuse, greenhouse gas emission, and the use of inappropriate building materials have caused the emergence of thermal island microclimates over cities which make cities warmer than their vicinities (villages) by several centigrade degrees.

This phenomenon is influenced by several factors such as city location, city size and population, urban density, urban geometry, thermal properties of urban surfaces, waterproof surfaces, human-caused heat and air pollution. Some of these factors require long-term urban planning, but others such as using appropriate building materials can be considered as an early yielding decrease strategy to mitigate the destructive effects of heat islands. Therefore, this paper, after identifying the factors affecting the creation of heat islands and introducing the decrease strategies, tries to examine parameters such as mean radiant temperature and air temperature in three high albedo (0.8), medium albedo (0.5) and low albedo (0.3). In this regard, by choosing Poonak street in Qazvin, which has a variety of building materials, and by studying through Envi_met simulation software.

Materials used in urban environments absorb and accumulate solar and infrared rays and transmit them to the atmosphere, so materials play an important role in reducing the reception, storage of heat, and its transfer to the urban environment.
 The findings show that, it was concluded that changes in the amount of ambient radiant and temperature power can have a significant effect on the mean radiant temperature and consequently on outdoor thermal comfort. The results show that although cool materials with high albedo are suitable for roadbeds and roofs, but high albedo materials in the façade, due to their high reflectivity, bring lower thermal comfort and warmer environments in cities. In cities with heat islands, cool materials can warm the environment, but in cities with no heat islands, use of high albedo materials reduces indoor energy consumption in summer.

The results indicate that in order to reduce the mean radiant temperature (the most important factor of thermal comfort), direct and indirect radiant flux values must be controlled. Therefore, with the decrease in the amount of albedo in the facade materials, the radiant flux of the environment decreases leading to a simultaneous decrease in air temperature and the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt). Materials with albedo have the highest reflectivity, as a result of which the materials remain cold and heat is not transferred to the interior; however high albedo is not suitable for facade materials in cities that have a heat island, because it causes an increase in ambient temperature. The solution is to use materials with low albedo; thus, the ambient temperature does not increase and because the heat from the materials to the interior is not transferred. Use suitable thermal insulation in the wall so that the heat absorbed by the materials is not transferred to the interior.

The aim of this study was to present housing viability indices with an analytical study of the native architecture of Amlash city. The research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose and qualitative research. The statistical population studied in this study is the residents of Amlash city, whose population according to the 2016 census of Iran is 15444 people. The sampling method is random and to estimate the sample size of Cochran's formula and 374 samples. In order to analyze the collected data, regression t-test and resonance fitness tests were used in SPSS software. To analyze the results of the questionnaire, statistical test T was used. The test results show that according to the citizens of Amlash, the environmental dimension has a higher priority due to the difference from the very low and negative average of 0.6002, as well as the special value obtained for it at the rate of 5.2, which is more than other dimensions. To lay the foundation for the viability of housing with the native architectural patterns of Amlash. Economic, social, cultural and environmental dimensions have a direct impact on the viability of urban housing with the formal patterns of indigenous architecture of Amlash city due to the amount of beta coefficients and significant results obtained. The cause of the negative beta coefficients and the lack of significance were lacking.

Undoubtedly, one of the dimensions of geopolitical competition between geographical units is competition over common water resources. This has created political, economic and, in some cases, military tensions. But one of the most important effects of this crisis is the challenge of livability of geographical areas. Because the element of water, along with other components, plays a vital role in the sustainability of human and environmental biogeographical areas. The Iran-Afghanistan border is one of the areas facing a hydropolitical crisis? The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of hydropolitical crisis on the viability of geographical areas with emphasis on the border geography of Iran and Afghanistan. The main question of the article is how the hydropolitical crisis challenges the viability of geographical areas with emphasis on the border geography of Iran and Afghanistan? The method of this article is descriptive-analytical. The results of the article show that due to the fragility of the geography of the border region of Iran and Afghanistan, any interference in the natural ecosystem of the region will lead to major impacts on the living elements of the region and weaken the economic and social potential of the region.

The decline in the quality of urban life due to the formation and occurrence of complex problems in various economic, social, environmental, physical and institutional dimensions, has made it necessary to use the model of good urban management with the aim of promoting sustainability. The purpose of this study is the mechanisms of municipal intervention in the viability of cities (Ahvaz).This research was applied in terms of purpose and This research was mixed in terms of method. In order to collect the necessary research data, two methods of documentary and survey analysis were used. The research tools were questionnaires and interviews with experts. The statistical population of the study was about 200 experts from Ahvaz, of which 62 were selected as the sample size. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data analysis and one-sample t-test and structural equation model were used for quantitative data analysis.The results of qualitative research data showed that 6 comprehensive themes (urban environment, urban history, urban management, urban community, services of the Minister of Urban Construction and Urban Economy) were identified. Also 13 organizational themes (pollution, public spaces, historical landscape), Trust, participation and satisfaction, sense of belonging and identity to the place, communication and interaction with people, security, housing, education, treatment and health, leisure, transportation and access) were identified and the basic themes of 139 were identified. The results of quantitative data analysis showed that the performance of the municipality in each of the indicators of viability was different and according to the averages, the highest performance in the index, services, activities and urban facilities and the lowest performance in the urban economy.

The use of public transportation, along with benefits such as saving time, reducing fuel consumption, economic savings, reducing air pollution, reducing noise pollution, and proper safety, also increases the quality of urban life and increases social interactions. Therefore, understanding the demographic, technical-promotional and socio-cultural factors affecting the decision-making process of citizens in the use of public transport will play an important role in the planning and policy-making system in this area. In this study, to determine the behavior of citizens when using public transportation, a descriptive and analytical method with Tobit model has been used.The data was collected in 2019 and includes 300 citizens of Mashhad. The required data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The results showed that the distance between the place of residence and the place of employment has a negative effect on the use of public transport system. But factors such as the presence of highly educated people in the family, access to bicycles, compliance with pollution control criteria at home, personal literacy and awareness of the long-term dangers of using a private vehicle, have positive impacts on the use of public transport systems. According to the findings, two suggestions were made: 1- Educating and informing citizens about the long-term dangers of private vehicles, and 2- Targeting literate households for citizenship education related to public transportation. These people can encourage citizens to be sustainable and protect the environment.

Urban viability which ultimately leads to sustainable urban development, in recent years it has devoted a great deal of urban studies. This category offers solutions to urban crisis that lead cities to sustainability. Based on this study in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of nature and method, its descriptive analytical research. The method of collecting data and information in this research is in both documentary and survey method. In firs step the obtained data assessment by SPSS software and then by using of T -Test examination status of each of the components for the Ardabil city was evaluated and assessment by using of Amos structural equation model.  The obtained results show a significant relationship between under review components (social dimensions of Urban viability) in the city of Ardabil and modeling tests and structural equation fitness in Amos environment showed that all research computational tests shows similarity with structural equation fitness tests standard (RMR with 0.96, GFI with 0.97, AGFI with 0.648 and NFI with 0.737) and this confirms the significance of the components and the fit of the model.

The term Biophilia was first used by Eric Form in 1964 to describe the psychological tendency to be obsessed with all living things. The word is literally a name entered into the Merriam Webster dictionary in 1979 and means the innate human ability to communicate with creatures in nature. The purpose of the present study is explaining viability criteria based on Biophilic planning in new towns of Iran. On the other hand, the mentioned concepts have been raised in Western literature, so the localization of its principles considering the native condition of Iran is one of the main objectives of this study. The research method is "descriptive-analytical". In order to collect the data, first the Meta synthesis method (selective coding) and questionnaire were used. To analyze the data, the SPSS software was used. Multivariate regression test was used to analyze any relationship between the variables of the study. The findings showed that achieving viability is possible through Biophilic planning; also the most important component is urban management in influential viability in Iran new towns.

Everyone from the city or village who wants a satisfactory life and of course wants to have a good life, and of course the satisfying living conditions necessitate the providence of long-term welfare for the communities. Viability of villages is affected by elements of time and space. Rural settlements vary according to the time period and geographical location. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the viability and facilities and utilities. The method of the study according to the nature of the study was analytical and as far as the purpose of the study was considered, it was practical. The necessary data were gathered from libraries, questionnaires and interviews with the people and local authorities. The study population consisted of 20 villages of rural households in Daman, Iranshahr consisting of 17 villages respectively. The sample of the study consisted of 287 people and 17 villages. In order to rank the villages regarding the facilities and services of center-weighted index model and also for ranking those villages based on the status of environmental indicators the VIKOR model was used. The evaluation of the obtained results showed that there is no significant correlation between having higher levels of service receiving and viability. Populated villages were shown to benefit from a higher level of services and facilities according to the results of center weighted model, but were at a low level of viability in the environment according to VIKOR. As a result, it cannot be said that only by providing the villages with equipments and facilities, the villages can be compatible and healthy. On the contrary, the results are in contrast with the positivists’ comments who believe that by increasing the level of services, environmental and biological abnormalities and problems will be removed in villages.

Promoting urban livability and realizing a livable city are closely linked to how the urban management apparatus and institutions and organizations active in urban affairs function. Municipalities, as the most important coordinating body in urban affairs, have played a decisive role in solving urban problems and are responsible for the social and physical development of cities. In fact, municipalities have the main task of serving the citizens and play the most important role in improving the quality of life of citizens. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the viability level of Semnan city and analyze the problems of Semnan city from the perspective of different groups (officials-elites). The research method is descriptive-analytical and the research tool is a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of this research has been confirmed by the previous similar research and the opinions of the supervisors and advisors of the dissertation, the validity of the research tools. The internal validity of the instrument (questionnaire) is also shown through the Cronbachchr('39')s alpha with a value of 0.84 for the questionnaires. The results showed that among the total biomarker indicators of Semnan city, from the point of view of elites and officials (with an average of 2.76), it was evaluated at a low level. Also, based on prioritization with ANP technique, "Improving Institutional-Organizational Capacity in Optimal Urban Management (R7)" with the highest score (07/357: 357) was identified as the best solution and in fact the main solution to deal with urban issues in Semnan. Also, the strategy of "integrated management between urban organizations to coordinate in the management of urban affairs (R6)" with (06/3366) was selected as the second solution.