zanjan city

The problems originated from the development and spatial expansion of cities and decision-making policies based on traditional approaches has caused many other challenges. The problems not only have deprived the areas potential for the development of having equal rights, but have also led to the destruction of heritage spaces of various cities. The Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) approach provides the ground for legal, socio-economic, and other mechanisms for transferring development rights to other parts of cities. Relying on TDR approach, this study tried to apply this concept of “transfer of development right” to the development of urban spaces in Zanjan. Zanjan has experienced the same challenges and the development trend of this city shows that “the development right” in some neighborhoods is beyond the approved plans. The ending result seems to be making the ground for discrepancies rent-seeking grounds. Accordingly, there seems to be not any solution but to take novel approaches, like the Transfer of Development Rights approach that respects property rights. According to this approach, efforts are made to preserve the valuable lands that are reserved for the development, and to observe the rights pertaining to the areas that have the potential of development but are prone to huge constructions when the cities develop.

This applied and developmental study used a descriptive-analytical method. The study tried to identify the areas suitable for the implementation of the Transfer of Development Rights approach in Zanjan city and at the same time consider the factors that influence the implementation, relying on multi-criteria decision-making models. The prioritization of the criteria of implementing the decision-making models was done by experts of urban planning and the elites who are familiar with the features of Zanjan. The size of sample were determined using Delphi method. Twenty questionnaires were completed by university professors, experts of urban planning in the municipality of the city, and PhD students of urban planning. The model was applied using Excel software. Geographic Information System (GIS) was also used for preparing thematic maps.

Several studies have investigated the subject matter of this research taking a protective approach to agricultural lands. Moreover, many studies explored its use in urban spaces and ranking using multi-criteria decision-making models. Therefore, the selected criteria for this study were taken from the findings of previous studies. The development areas of Zanjan were divided into two main categories in the final map. The first category entails the lands with special value, respectively having agricultural, historical and architectural values, as well as valuable natural resources or having excellent views. These are located in the center and south of Zanjan. The second category entails unsettled lands such as barracks and work spaces (ignored in our analyses due to lack of settlement) and inefficient textures on the skirt of the city, such as Eslamabad, Bisim, Trans, Trans, Kouye Fatemieh, Kouye Sayan, and Mahdiyeh. The areas that recorded a higher rank of desirability of development were those areas embracing Golshahr neighborhoods (Phases 1 to 8), Karmandan, Kouye Farhang and Kouchmeshki, due to appropriate average size, people’s tendency to reside in, tendency to construction, suitability in terms of matching with criteria of high-rank documents, proximity to local and regional services and commercial centers, proximity to grade 1 and 2 urban allies, regular pieces and checkerboard passages. The significant issue from the perspective of social justice and the power of transferring development rights is that for making the decisions, such issues like investment, development regulations, and the tendencies have been towards Karmandan and Kouchmeshki neighborhoods. The consequence is that social justice is not observed because of environmental and spatial features in the transfer of development rights.

The application of “the transfer of development rights” in the framework of urban development plans is considered a new method that will yield more successful implementation of these plans in Iran. This may be fulfilled through making an internal connection between development tools and goals. Relying on the results of various studies and experiences at the national and international level, this study showed that transfer of development rights projects necessitates urban and legal infrastructure for appropriate implementation. The success of the implementation of these plans is highly dependent on the correct identification of sending and target areas and the generation of effective connection between the areas in question. The results showed that forecast of the development of this city in future based on zoning regulations is different from the existing situation. The sending development areas are in the center and south of this city. One can jump to the conclusion that implementing the development right transfer project necessitates first of all to specify executive organizations in the city’s administration and then to integrating them into urban development plans using a social equality approach. Taking into account the existing policies, the following solutions are suggested for more successful implementation of the development right transfer project:A) Applying the potentials of such neighborhoods as Kouye Farhang, Azadegan, Rajaee Shahr, Foroudgah, Mosalla, considering the dimensions of the pieces, high-rise construction policies, and providing facilities;B) Revising the zoning pertaining to the flour limitation, especially in such prone neighborhoods of Zanjan as Kouye Farhang, Azadegan, and Rajaee Shahr;C) Preventing the disrespect of the rights of areas embracing Bazar, and Hosseinieh and Dabaghler neighborhoods;D) Transferring administrative uses to the neighborhoods having the potential of transferring development rights (such as Khouye Farhang, Rajaee Shahr) in order for managers and employees observe the condition of these neighborhoods;E) Making exempt of tolls and using more lands for constructions, especially in central areas of the city, such as Hosseinieh, Dabaghler, and Bazar Paein;F) Facilitating the access of less desirable areas to the local and regional services and commercial centers in Kouye Farhang, Azadegan, Rajaee Shahr, Foroudgah, and Mosalla neighborhoods.

After the constitutional revolution, by the establishment of the legislative institution, laws and regulations became a powerful tool for the government to produce the urban space, transform and control it. The content of established laws is in accordance with the characteristics and the prevailing discourse in each era. If in the first Pahlavi period the laws and regulations were established for the transformation and changing the urban space, in the second Pahlavi period, they were applied for the circulation and consumption of the capital in the urban space, and in post-revolutionary Iran, they are used in order to create added value from the space, provide housing and control the urban space. In the contemporary period, the physical space of Zanjan city, like most of the cities in the country, is drastically changed due to the effects of various factors especially the laws and regulations. Enactment of the laws without considering all their aspects and effects on the one hand, and adopting incorrect land and housing policies on the other hand lead to the supply of land in excess of the city's needs, mainly in the form of land development plans. Subdivided lands are entered into the land market cycle like a commodity, which results in an increase of almost one million percent in the price of land in the last 35 years in Zanjan city. The research method is an ex post facto(post-event) method. Library studies, questionnaires, and aerial photographs are used to collect information. Analytical aspect of the issue can be traced in explaining the results of applying laws on the physical aspects of the city, the price of land and housing, the formation of institutions responsible for the city development, and so on.

Crowding is a natural process in which many people gather in a place for a predefined purpose or as part of a daily routine. Festivals, carnivals, theaters, parades, markets, stadiums, and religious occasions are examples of crowd situations. Religious congregations or pilgrimages that experience large crowds are vulnerable to events such as crowding. This article tries to highlight the factors influencing the safe city planning for crowding in the social rituals of the month of Muharram in the central context of Zanjan city, emphasizing the safe city guide for the event based on 2021 Economist. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Also, in terms of time, the method is cross-sectional and in terms of the nature of the data, it is quantitative. Depending on the purpose of the research, the Delphi method was used with the number of 20 people related to the subject available by judgmental or deliberate sampling. In this study, the multipole method was used to analyze the data.Evaluation of the monitoring of deaths caused by road accidents; The quality of urban signs to strengthen people's minds are policies that are linked to strengthening environmental security for environmental security planning. Also, removing or correcting blind spots and determining institutional capacity and access to resources are two policies that are linked to scenarios related to strengthening infrastructure security and strengthening personal security.

the aim of the present study is to investigate and analyze the factors and spatial characteristics affecting the stigma of distribution and tendency to drugs in Shahid Rajaei park of Zanjan city.

in terms of method, it is classified as descriptive-analytical research. It is also practical in terms of applying the results. The method of collecting data and information is through library studies and field methods, and the statistical sample of the study includes 50 citizens who refer to Shahid Rajaei Park. The analysis of the obtained data was also done through the one-sample T-test.

the findings of the research indicate that the components of location and territory have the most influence on the stigma of distribution and tendency to drugs in the park. The components of protection and maintenance, ongoing activities and monitoring are placed in the next stages of importance. The components of view and landscape, lighting and accessibility are also without significant effect.

environmental stigma is created by various subjective factors and causes subsequent and expected behaviors. Stigmatizing mechanisms cannot be easily countered. Because the phenomenon of stigma is influenced by many factors, this is the reason that only some urban areas, including defenseless spaces, are prone to accept stigma.

Smallness, type of access, type of materials, etc., worn-out urban tissues are more vulnerable, especially in the face of crisis and threat. , the aim of the current research is to monitor the vulnerability of worn tissue from the point of view of passive defense in times of threat and crisis.

The current research is of applied-descriptive type. In this research, firstly, effective variables were identified bylibrary studies and asking experts, and in the next step, by collecting descriptive and spatial information, the variables were combined with information and then fuzzy, using the weighted combination method. Layers used in GIS were superimposed. and maps have been extracted. The model used in this research, IHWP model, is a combination of fuzzy logic method and hierarchical process.

Factors affecting the vulnerability of the worn-out fabric of Zanjan city, age of population density, dependency ratio and size of the household, weight of traffic, backside uses and green space, age, building materials and finally the permeability and accessibility of fabric.

The results of the survey show that the most important influencing factors are the texture and materials and the age of the building, which covers 70% of the area as vulnerable buildings. Then permeability with 70% of population density, 65% of household dimension and dependency, 58% of traffic weight has affected the tissue with high vulnerability and finally urban green space with 67% of the studied area has been included in the scope. Low vulnerability class

Organizing and producing space based on the principle of citizen rights is one of the basic needs in urban planning and design. Urban spaces should have the ability to provide welfare services for all classes with different abilities and weaknesses. The importance of honoring the disabled in the construction and upbringing of society shows the necessity of paying attention to the rights of citizens in the city. The current research, with survey-analytical method, seeks to analyze the theory of citizenship rights in the reproduction of the city space based on the needs of vulnerable groups in Zanjan city. Data collection was done with field and library studies. The statistical population includes 5560 people with disabilities in Zanjan city, of which 359 people were selected by Cochran sampling. Data analysis was done with variance analysis test, partial least square method with SPSS.19, Smart PLS.3 software. The findings showed that the average satisfaction of the citizenship rights index is 2.94. Based on variance analysis, there is a difference between the type of disability and citizenship rights. Because the public spaces of the city are not adapted according to the types of disabilities. The path analysis coefficient for the impact of the right to use urban space on citizenship rights is 0.802 and the impact of the right to participate is 0.824. As a result, city design based on the right to use the urban space and the right to participate strengthens the rights of citizens.

Emile Durkheim's approach is based on finding something that keeps people together in a society. We believe that ritual functions can be considered as a stimulus for collective formation. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on a field survey (questionnaire). The statistics of the present research are citizens and business people. Their number is unknown. According to Cochran's formula method, 350 people were questioned as a sample. In order to recognize the impact and significant relationship of social solidarity indicators with ritual codes of study, the sample t-tech statistical test and Pearson's correlation were used using SPSS software. The results showed that among the indicators of social solidarity, the variables of belonging to historical and traditional contexts, promoting identity, recalling collective memories, feeling happy and alive, accessibility, social communication and interactions, and sense of security, respectively, with an average of 4.09, 3.80, 3.73, 3.57, 3.46, 3.39, 3.35 had had the most significant impact in promoting ritual functions. The drivers of the ritual functions of space are more affected than we mentioned, while lack of furniture reinforcement, reducing the attractiveness of the entrance and proper flooring, none participating in the reconstruction and preservation of identity buildings, lack of cleanliness, lack of installation of guide signs as a problem must have considered. Findings showed that the more the quality of the visual and physical signs of the space improves in terms of symmetry and physical unity, the more significant the impact will be on the continuation of the formation and promotion of the study-oriented ritual functions and vice versa

the destruction of part or all of them has brought very destructive and heavy effects on the spatial organization of the city and led to the disturbance of the balance of the systemsthe necessity of planning and preventive measures in cities during peacetime is felt from different aspects of spatial planning, and these measures arecalled passive defense in the country. The aim of the current research is to identify the principles of passive defense in the spatial planning of the worn-out fabric of Zanjan city in the face of a military attack. The methods of reviewing sources anddocuments(documentary studies)and field survey (consultation and interview) have been used for the collection. Based on the purpose, the present research is in the applied research group and based on themethod and nature, it is also in the descriptive research group. By using the "documentary studies" method and referring to internet sources and databases, the components of the institutional structure have been identified. In the following, it hasbeen analyzed using"Delphi"and "Content Analysis" methods. And then by using the methods of analysis of internal and external strategic factors" and "force field analysis technique", the positive and negative aspects of its performance have been identified and introduced. The results show that there are weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities in internal factors. , communication and infrastructure channels and the institutional structure of worn-out tissue, such as population density, access, tissue wear-out, organizations' performance.can play a role in defense strategic planning and crisis management as essential factors.

Knowing what the loyalty of tourists in tourist destinations depends on and how it is formed has become a principle for managers of companies and tourist destinations. A tourist destination, like any organization, must identify, attract and retain its target market. Creating any transformation and standardization of tourism services in Zanjan city requires knowing tourism capacities, conducting comparative studies, knowing the experiences of other successful countries in the world and localizing these experiences. Zanjan city has not been able to attract tourists like many of them, despite having significant tourist attractions in comparison with the cities of neighboring provinces.

The type of research is applied and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of this research includes tourists with at least one night stay in three and four star hotels in Zanjan city, and 281 tourists were investigated using Cochran's formula. The method of collecting information is library and field.

The results of the research show that in the final analysis of the factor analysis of the image of the destination, it has the greatest to the least effect on the novelty of the trip, the cost of the trip, the financial cost, and the number of trips, respectively, with the factor load values of 0.481, 0.354, and 0.301. and has 0.247 on the loyalty of tourists.

Zanjan province is in its initial stages in terms of life cycle in the field of tourism and the sensitivity of the issue is due to the fact that this percentage can act as ambassadors who give information to others about this destination and a kind of free word-of-mouth advertising. They will do for Zanjan and depending on the image of Zanjan formed in their minds, these advertisements can be positive or negative.

With the beginning of paying attention to the concept of environmental quality in recent decades, the importance of studying the psychological quality of urban environments has gradually increased. This has been largely neglected in relation to informal neighborhoods. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to explain the role of the quality of the physical and functional environment of Sayan informal neighborhood in Zanjan city in the psychological well-being of the residents. The research is classified as exploratory-analytical research. The approach of the research is quantitative and in terms of the application of the results, it can be considered as applied research. Collecting the required data and information has been done through library studies and field methods. The collection and assessing of the data related to the quality of the environment was done through a researcher-made questionnaire, 54-question Ryff questionnaire was used to assess the psychological well-being of the residents. The statistical sample includes 134 residential plates that have been questioned systematically by referring to the doors of the houses. Structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software have been used to analyze effect-oriented indicators and examination of their relationship with the psychological well-being of residents. Expert observation data have also been evaluated using the qualitative analysis method. Findings show that the quality of the physical environment is more effective than the quality of the functional environment in the psychological well-being of the residents of Sayan neighborhood. This is done through three components including environmental health, legibility and authenticity of environment. The quality of the functional environment also affects the psychological well-being of the residents through the land use.

only be implemented when the aforementioned land uses have balanced distribution across the city. In this regard, the present study is to investigate and evaluate learning land uses from the perspective of spatial justice for attain of the learning city approach in Zanjan; And the main goal of this research is to find out the spatial equilibrium in the distribution of learning land uses of Zanjan city, in order to develop the learning city approach. The research method was descriptive-analytical and data collection has done by using the library-documentary method. In addition, in order to analyze the findings, after describing the basic concepts of the learning city and taking into account the principles and indicators governing it, from two indicators of capacity and social justice have been used in the framework of comparing per capita and desirable levels, Nearest Neighborhood (NN) and entropy techniques. The results of the analysis of the distribution of learning land uses in the current situation indicate that the distribution of these land uses in the city are concentrated and clustered, with spatial imbalances. In such a way they show very high qualitative and quantitative differences between the three urban areas, especially indicated in the eastern margin of district two. Such a problem has hampered the development of the learning city approach in Zanjan and has resulted in the concentration of these services in the center of the city and their shortage in the peripheral areas as made a profound inequalities between the residential areas of the city. Therefore, the results of the research provide suggestions for reorganizing learning land uses to establish a spatial justice approach at the city level.

Imagining space without content and social relations and on the other hand, it is difficult to understand and imagine a society without spatial components and relationships. the public domain provides the formation and fulfillment of civil society and the urban space is the physical manifestation of the public domain.

the current research seeks to analyze the effect of the activity-performance system on the formation of behavioral centers in the area of the Sabzehmeydan sidewalk in Zanjan City as a public space.

the method of research is descriptive-analytical based on field survey. the statistical population of the current research is passerby citizens and businesses who were present for different purposes. According to Cochran's formula and with simple random sampling method, 340 people were questioned as a sample. In order to determine the behavioral centers of people, four types of patterns observed on pedestrians were adopted and the observations were taken at a specific time in the morning and evening between men and women. The indicators of activity-performance system are ranked in four different layers based on Vicor's decision-making technique.

The findings showed that all four layers have different functional activity systems. The social logic of the space showed that the fourth part, SabzehMeydan footpath, is more susceptible than other parts of the area in terms of the activity-functional system of the behavioral centers, and in the space produced and preceded by history, before it is socialized, through the networks A different presence is socializing.

the factor of time alone may be able to produce island behavioral centers such as peddling in front of the Jame Mosque during prayers, but the occurrence of forced behaviors cannot be the factor that shapes the behavioral centers and by creating a two-way relationship with Other capabilities and attraction of optional activities are effective and are an intervening factor for the production of behavioral centers.

Measuring the quality of life by connecting human life with housing, which is an inseparable part of basic human needs, is challenging.

The aim of current research is to measure how the physical quality of housing affects the residents' quality of life.

The research method used is descriptive-analytical in type and applied for a specific purpose. To gather the necessary theoretical insight and review relevant literature and data, we utilized the library-field method. In order to gather the necessary statistics and information, we referred to statistical block 1395 in Zanjan city. We then used a hierarchical analysis model to determine the importance coefficient of each indicator, followed by the TOPSIS decision-making model for data analysis and ranking of regions. Finally, we used the ANOVA variance analysis model in SPSS software to verify the significant difference of the indicators in urban areas. The research was conducted on residential units located in four districts of Zanjan Municipality.

According to the study, regions one and four have the most desirable physical livability indicators in terms of housing when compared to other regions. The TOPSIS decision-making model showed that the desirability score in region one is 0.636, in region two and three it is 0.515, and in region four it is 0.477. The desirability score for all four regions combined is 0.546. The analysis of variance indicates a significant difference in physical livability indicators among housing in various urban areas of Zanjan. Due to the number of households exceeding the number of residential units, the average in all four regions did not show a significant relationship, and its value was higher than the intended error level. It means, measuring livability helps urban planners understand quality of life and environment. Measuring livability quality helps urban planners understand people's quality of life and environment of a place.

it can be said that from a qualitative perspective, even though satisfaction with the residential unit is not the same as satisfaction with the location, and its impact on staying in the place is not as significant as other factors, it is relatively easy to enhance the satisfaction with the residential unit by renovating and improving it. However, the lack of information structures and community involvement in improving the structures can lead to residents vacating the place due to dissatisfaction with their residential units.

The aim of the current research is to model the environmental quality of tourist attractions on the satisfaction of tourists in Zanjan city. The research method is a descriptive-analytical type that was carried out by a survey method. The statistical population of the research is the tourists of Zanjan city in 2021. In order to determine the number of research samples, due to the unknown number of statistical population, the required number of samples was 350 questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, the statistical test of factor analysis, single-sample T-test was used in EXCEL software, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in Amos Graphics software environment. by using the factor analysis test in order to evaluate the environmental quality of tourist attractions in Zanjan city; Seven factors of environmental quality were identified Also, selected indicators on tourist satisfaction were extracted from the model of Akama and Kiti 2003 (a model based on the Seroqual model). The results of the level of satisfaction with the environmental quality of tourist attractions, with the value (2.64) are in an unfavorable situation and below the average level. The correlation coefficient between the latent variables and manifest variables of the measurement model through the second-order structural equations of the environmental quality of tourist attractions shows that the latent factors and variables identified in the research have been able to account for 68% of the variance of the effects of the environmental quality components of tourist attractions on Explain the satisfaction of tourists and the factor of economic and social dynamics has the highest factor load with a relative importance and an influence coefficient of 0.80. The final results of the structural equation model show that the environmental quality of the tourist attractions in the study area has low impact to the extent of 0.31 on the satisfaction of tourists and among the hidden factors of environmental quality; The factor of certain tourism services with an impact factor of 0.83 and the factor of urban public services with 0.80 had the highest role and relative importance which indicates the predominance of physical programs and 5-year economic-social development programs of the country regarding the environmental quality of tourist attractions. Achieving the desired situation requires the development of specific criteria in the area of Zanjan tourist attractions, the scope of intervention and the design of nearby buildings according to specific criteria with the coordination and participation of all relevant ministries and institutions with sufficient legal and executive requirements.

Tourism is one of the most significant industries for sustainable development in societies that has high mobility in economic, political, social, urban and environmental changes. Focusing on various aspects of the tourism industry as well as local and national planning in the field of management can play a very significant role in international and national processes. Moreover, the role of tourism regeneration in the urban space should not be forgotten, because regeneration is an asset of any urban society. Considering this issue, this research was done to analyze urban tourism from recreation perspective. For this purpose, data were collected through field and library methods. According to the existing standards, the size of the statistical sample was determined to be 30 people, consisted of experts in the field of tourism and experts in the urbanism. Delphi method was used for this study. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The results showed that among the components, the effect of recreation of the historical identity of the downtown on the sense of pride of the city residents (14.63) holds the highest rank and the effect of tourism development in the old texture of the city in the understanding of the officials to preserve the monuments and monuments (10.95) holds the lowest rank. Moreover, urban tourism has led to the identification and recreation of historical places. The information obtained from the presence of tourists as well as the increase of income have led to the tourism development and the attention of city managers to the improvement of the valuable historical parts of Zanjan over the last years. This main issue is that this issue has resulted in the creation of employment and urban regeneration.

Peri-urban territories as a socio-economic space with a combination of urban and rural characteristics are often known as surrounding areas where agricultural, urban, and natural systems are in stable and continuous interaction with each other. In these areas, there are various connections according to the conditions and economic bases. These connections can create development or anti-development effects for any of the urban or rural spaces (especially villages). By understanding the mentioned issue, this research aims to analyze these regional relations in the center of Zanjan province. Therefore, with a descriptive-analytical method, the method of mutual communication between the surrounding sample villages and the city of Zanjan has been studied, and in this regard, the relevant indicators that were extracted by trusted sources have reached acceptable validity and have been used for the analysis of the research. Documentary and survey information data was collected. AHP and TOPSIS models were used for data analysis. On the other hand, based on the collaborative method carried out by the researchers of this research and some available scientific documents and sources, the degree of dependence of each of the peripheral sample villages to the center of Zanjan city has been determined. The obtained results indicated that peri-urban settlements, despite their spatial integration with urban areas, can be distinguished from both urban and rural areas due to their rapid growth, dynamics, and mixed social, economic, and environmental characteristics. Also, the final results of the research indicate the high dependence of Valaroud village on Zanjan city, and the villages of Dovasb, Dizjabad, and Razbin are placed in the next ranks respectively.

In recent decades, paying attention to worn out and inefficient areas, whose main cause of wear and tear is economic decline, has become important because the wear and tear of urban areas has a direct effect on cultural, economic and social issues. In this regard, the current research seeks to identify economic factors that are effective in facilitating regeneration in worn -out areas, so that by achieving an economic stimulus model, steps can be taken in the direction of revitalizing worn -out and inefficient areas. This research, which is applied research, is based on library studies, observation and field observations and has been prepared by descriptive -analytical method. The study area is the dilapidated and inefficient fabric of the central part of Zanjan city, which has an area of 492 hectares and has been noticed by managers and officials of urban restoration and regeneration. In the research process, after examining the economic criteria affecting the regeneration process in inefficient contexts, 5 criteria of "economic value", "investment", "economic activities within the context", "branding" and "providing the necessary financial resources" with 12 components It was identified as effective economic criteria in facilitating the regeneration of worn out and ineffective tissue. These criteria, while adapting to the conditions of the scope of the research study, were examined using the fuzzy Delphi technique in two stages, and finally, in the process of performing the fuzzy Delphi technique, 5 criteria and 10 components out of the 12 mentioned components were found to be effective economic criteria in facilitating the regeneration of worn tissue. and inefficient in the central part of Zanjan city were determined and confirmed. The ranking these criterias by the method of hierarchical analysis shows the importance of the role of each of the effective criteria in facilitating the regeneration of the central tissue of Zanjan; which are: first rank: providing financial resources, second rank: economic activities within the context, third rank: investment in the region, fourth rank: brand construction in the region and the fifth rank: the economic value of the region. The results of this research, which can be generalized to the marginal inefficient areas of Zanjan city, can be an important step in the implementation of urban regeneration policies and urban revitalization programs. Although all these things require detailed, comprehensive and realistic planning.

This research, using a mixed research method and with an applied nature, has analyzed the factors affecting the conflict caused by inner-city accidents in the context of Zanjan city. The results of this research show that in Zanjan city, the highest number of inner-city accidents occur in the months of early October to late February. . Also, the highest number of accidents happen between 11 am and 2 pm. From 2 pm to 5 pm, the number of accidents decreases; But it returns to its peak again from 17:00 to 18:00 in the evening. These patterns may be related to factors such as traffic, daily activities, peak traffic hours, and the state of the days of the month. For example, there may be more traffic in the months of early October to late February, and longer days may increase the number of accidents. A fuzzy Delphi analysis, the effective components in the occurrence of conflicts and quarrels in urban accidents in different areas of Zanjan city have been identified. Recklessness and rebelliousness, post-accident stress, profanity and time-consuming car repair have been identified as the main components. In order to reduce conflict and conflict in urban accidents in the mentioned neighborhoods, it is necessary to pay attention to improving the behavior of drivers, reducing stress after the accident, improving communication skills and mutual respect, and providing fast and efficient maintenance services for car repairs in the mentioned neighborhoods.

Today, housing cooperatives with the participation of the private sector and the support of the government, along with rural-urban migrants with different economic bases, play a significant role in the rapid expansion of the physical boundaries of urban settlements.

Research Aime: 

In this research, he investigated and analyzed the role of housing cooperatives in reproducing and organizing the urban space in Zanjan city.

This research is descriptive-analytical in nature. In the descriptive method, data has been collected using library studies and field studies through a questionnaire. The statistical population includes 430,871 citizens of Zanjan. 384 samples were selected by Cochran's formula. Data analysis was performed using TODIM multi-criteria decision model and path analysis test and DPSIR model with the help of Excel and SPSS software.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical area of the research includes the city of Zanjan.              

The findings showed that housing cooperatives have played a significant role in the reproduction and organization of urban space in Zanjan with an average of 3.43. Among the influential components of housing cooperative performance, the economic quality component of housing with an average of 3.61 in order to produce physical space in the city and build housing, has been able to organize the performance of economic drivers of housing production in the city. Also, according to the path analysis test, the response component with a direct effect of 0.527 is most related to the reproduction of urban space in the form of housing cooperatives in Zanjan.

The results showed that housing cooperatives are an effective factor in reproducing the atmosphere of Zanjan city. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of cooperatives in reproducing efficient urban space and organizing housing, paying attention to urban regeneration policies; serious follow-up of construction violations and change of use; Determining population capacity and density limit is necessary.

The electricity industry is one of the industries that has traditionally been monopolized by governments, and this monopoly still exists in the electricity sector in many parts of the world. On the other hand, the nature of the electricity industry is such that some parts of it have a natural monopoly and the introduction of competition in these parts is not possible, or to put it better, it does not promote the business activities of these parts. However, explaining the quality and quantity of services provided by this industry and the level of customer satisfaction with services is very important in improving the quality of services. The present article, with a descriptive-survey method, seeks to analyze the satisfaction of the subscribers of the electricity distribution company in order to explain the consumption pattern based on the type of branch and the place of residence in Zanjan city. Data collection was done by library and field method. The statistical population includes subscribers of the electricity distribution company in Zanjan city and its suburbs. Using geographical distribution, 1% of subscribers from each region of Zanjan city has been randomly selected as a statistical sample. Finally, to analyze the collected data, one-sample t test, analysis of variance test, and Pearson's correlation test were used with the help of SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that the opinion index of the subscribers with the single-sample T test was 3.31 (66.2 percent) and t coefficient (t = 44.72), which is in a good state. In terms of the urban region, the highest level of satisfaction with the services of the electricity distribution company is in Eshraq region with an average of 3.11 and the lowest level of satisfaction belongs to Golshahr region with an average of 2.53. In terms of the type of branch, the highest level of satisfaction with the services of the electricity distribution company is among customers with commercial and household branches with an average of 3.35 and agricultural branches with an average of 3.38; And the lowest level of satisfaction belongs to subscribers with industrial branch with an average of 3.03 and general branch with an average of 3.32. Finally, in order to strengthen the performance of the electricity distribution company, to strengthen information; appropriate response; Strengthening the efficiency of providing services of my electricity system; And it is necessary to simplify and make the electronic format concise and useful