جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ژئوسایت » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Geological diversity has created a new branch of the tourism industry called geotourism , where geological and geomorphological features are explored . The main focus of geotourism on geological elements includes two items, form and process . There is a set of geological forms and processes in places , which are called geosites . This has given rise to a new branch of tourism called geotourism , which examines places that have the ability to attract tourists and management aspects that can help the local community for economic development. In the first stage , it is very important to know the abilities and characteristics of the studied area . Scientific, tourism and educational evaluation of geosites in the region is the basis for optimal exploitation and sustainable development. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the Garmsar region, which has led to the development of geotourism. The impact of tourists and mines that have been created by humans, the Tastkan caves that have changed the strength of the salt caves, and also the role of natural factors, have all led to the environment's reaction

The landscape of the earth's surface as a complex system is the result of the interaction of factors such as geographical, climatic, temporal processes and human activities. The physical development of cities, without observing the principles of urban planning and taking into account the potential of their natural hazards, leads to the high vulnerability of cities. One of the most important dangers in the plains and plains of our country is the dangers caused by land subsidence, which for various reasons, such as over-harvesting of underground water resources and climate changes, causes many problems for agricultural lands, roads, and transmission lines. has become power and energy; Therefore, it is very necessary to investigate the causes and to control and reduce its risks (Abedini et al., 1402). Groundwater is one of the most important sources of water needed by the agricultural, drinking and industrial sectors, especially in the dry areas of the central plateau of Iran. Therefore, investigating the process of its qualitative changes is very important in the sustainable management of water resources (Arshad Hosseini et al., 1400). . Yilaghi city of Shandiz, which is a part of Targaba Shandiz city, is 1400 meters above sea level and is located at 59 degrees and 17 minutes of latitude and 36 degrees and 23 minutes of latitude. This city is adjacent to the central part of Mashhad from the north, Targaba city from the south, Neishabur from the east and Golbahar from the west, and has an area of about 37,825 square kilometers. Since Shandiz Mashhad is known as one of the holiday areas of Khorasan and is surrounded by thick and dense vegetation of towering sycamore trees and flowing rivers and tourist attractions (Karizno Aqueduct, Shandiz Historical Tower, Shandiz Padideh, Cozy Cottage Garden, Panjan Nama, Park It is mountainous and...), has a cool and summery climate and is one of the main centers of travelers and tourists in Mashhad and all over Iran. All over the south of this city are the heights of the Binalud mountain range of Khorasan, and Shirbad peak in the Zashk region of Shandiz is also considered the highest point of this mountain range and Khorasan province.

In order to investigate the subsidence rate of Shandiz city and its relationship with the drop in the underground water level, first the rate of land subsidence in the period of 2016-2023 was calculated annually by radar interferometric method and then the trend of changes in the water level of piezometric wells during 29 years was investigated. took Finally, the research results were verified by field surveys. In order to process by radar interferometric method, SNAP software was selected to obtain the final results of the subsidence rate based on the phase difference between the images taken on different dates. In order to study the latest status of the groundwater level in the study area, the statistical information of piezometric wells from 1370 to 1399 was obtained from Razavi Khorasan regional water, which was then prepared in the GIS software after annual averaging using the IDW interpolation model to prepare the groundwater level map. and was evaluated.

In the investigations carried out with SLC radar images of Sentil 1 satellite in relation to the city of Shandiz, 8 images were processed two by two in the Snap software, the image of the year 2016 with 2017, 2017 with 2018, 2018 with 2019, 2019 with 2020 and 2020-2021, 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 images were checked and the amount of subsidence recorded for each period was 2 cm for 2016-2017, 6 cm for 2017-2018, 2 cm for 2018-2019, 5 cm for 2019-2020, for The 2020-2021 period was about 2 cm, 4 cm for the 2021-2022 period and about 1 cm for the 2022-2023 period. In the survey of the water level of Shandiz city from 1370 to 1399, the number of 2 main wells, Hassan Abad and Qasim Abad, which are located in the northeast and east of the city at a distance from it, were obtained with the same data, which information was obtained from the Khorasan Razavi Regional Water Organization. and was investigated. The data were averaged every 5 years and its maps were prepared using the IDW tool in the GIS environment for the study area. In the east of the region, the villages of Hesarsokh and Sarassiab were located in the area of high risk. The minimum and maximum water level drop in the 30-year period from 1370 to 1399 was calculated as 57.86 and 76.84 meters.

The results of interferometric studies showed that the amount of subsidence during 5 statistical periods in the studied area was 22 cm. The amount of subsidence recorded for each period is 2 cm for 2016-2017, 6 cm for 2017-2018, 2 cm for 2018-2019, 5 cm for 2019-2020, and 2 cm for 2020-2021. 4 cm for the 2021-2022 period and about 1 cm for the 2022-2023 period. According to the obtained results, the highest amount of subsidence has happened in the east, north and south of Shandiz from east to west. The water levels of the wells have reached their maximum decrease in the period from 1370 to 1399. The water level drop in this time period is at least 57.86 meters and the maximum is 76.84 meters, and all areas of Shandiz city have water level drops and are at risk. The subsidence has also covered most of the city areas. Shandiz city is a tourist area and all its geosites (Carizno Aqueduct, Shandiz Historical Tower, Shandiz Phenomenon, Cozy Cottage Garden, Finjan Nama, Mountain Park, etc.) are vulnerable to damage, therefore it needs special attention.

Today, geotourism and geosites are an important solution for economic development and one of the important ways of generating income for different regions and countries, which has been less addressed and therefore remains abandoned and unknown. Accordingly, considering the importance of the issue, In the present study, Babolrud basin was investigated due to the presence of many geosites and geotourist potentials. In order to know and study its tourist areas, in this research, 8 geosites are included (Babolsar Suspension Bridge, Babolsar Cable Bridge, Babolsar Rubber Dam (Arabkhel), Haft Tirkan Waterfalls). , Sajjadroud, Guru spa, Terez waterfall, Sanbalroud earthen dam) have been investigated and evaluated. According to what was said, the current research is practical and of a descriptive-survey type, in which the method of data collection was document and survey using a questionnaire of experts and tourists; Also, to analyze the data, M-GAM model and statistical tests using SPSS.26 have been used, and the findings show that according to the overall average and the resulting ranking, the geosite of Sanbalroud earthen dam is ranked first in terms of geotourism potential. After that, there are Terez waterfall, Grove waterfall and suspension bridge, and the cable bridge with a score of 74.87 has been assigned the last rank in terms of geosite characteristics for the development of geotourism in Babalrood basin, and the final results have shown that there is a lot of room for improving geotourism. In these places, especially in terms of tourism value

the present study aimed at developing an integrated decision-making model based on remote sensing (RS) and GIS to identify the geomorphotourism potentials of Tajnood Valley and Hemmatbad Desert in Zirkuh County.

In the present study, after identifying landforms, geomorphological features, and geosites through RS, the Fassoulas, GAM, and Comanescu models were employed to prioritize and value geotourism potentials, including geosites, geomorphosites, and economic and cultural sites. Finally, in order to overcome the challenges of each model and take advantage of the capacity of all models, the Fassoulas-GAM-Comanescu integrated model (FA-CO-GM) was used based on the Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP). In this way, it is possible to combine several factors that are considered separately in each model and to use the advantages of all models.

The final map of the decision-making model based on RS and GIS integrated from Comanescu, Fassoulas, and GAM shows that 36% of the region is located in a high potential zone, corresponding to the geomorphological landforms, proper access, extended perspective, and high viewpoints. 51% of the region is located in a very high potential zone due to its representativeness, geomorphological diversity, rarity, intactness, and integrity in geosites. In order to verify the accuracy of Comanescu, Fascilos, GAM and AHP models, a sample t-test was used. The significance level of the test is less than 0.05 and it is within the standard and significant test limit.

While identifying and evaluating the capability of the geomorphosite of Tajnood Valley and Hemmatabad Desert in the dry region of Zirkuh county, it was found that after applying several valuation models, with one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) in GIS, it is possible to fix these defects and prepare a suitable zoning map for the geosite and combine the results of several models.

Geotourism is a sort of tourism based on nature in terms of landscape and landforms, which focuses the sustainable use of geosites, including geomorphosites. Geological and geomorphological landforms which receive scientific, aesthetic, cultural and economic value from the human perspective, considered as geosites. The development of geotourism on geomorphosites could be conducted after the evaluation of geomorphosites in a tourist environment. In this paper, Bukan city has been studied and evaluated to determine the potential and identify geosites for the development of geotourism. To this aim, a qualitative method has been applied to identify geosites and the Comanesco model has been used for quantitative assessment of geosites. The results of the research indicate that the area of Bukan city has a high potential for the development of geotourism in all dimensions. Among the 12 selected geosites, Bukan dam with a score of 70 out of 100 has the highest quantitative value, and the coastal park with a score and value of 69 has a high potential for more attention in planning now. In addition, the medium to high value and the potential of the geosites of Kiwerash, Simine River, Qalaichi hill and Sotaw Hamamian plain can attract the highest rate of geotourism and tourism industry. Finally, it is concluded that with proper exploitation, creation of facilities and development of welfare infrastructure in the geotourist areas of Bukan city, a codified plan will be formed, and detailed planning and the use of geographic and environmental science experts to achieve this goal is the basis.

Different regions in Iran have the potential to become a geo-tourism destination because of the high geo-diversity. Therefore, this is also a strategy of development to increase employment through the tourism industry in diverse, entertaining and attractive natural places.  

This research aims to investigate the capabilities of geo-tourism and provide solutions to help practitioners of development projects in the region to attract tourists by expanding and preparing the land for tourism.

The method of research and data collection was a field study, interviews with local people and analysis of library documents, using geological maps, topography and satellite images in order to prepare the required maps and determine the exact location of geo-sites. Statistical methods were used to prepare maps and (GIS) for the location of sites. In the second stage, after selecting the sites, they were prioritized in the Komansko model and evaluated according to the points table. Considering the large number of sites in the region, only 35 sites have been scientifically analyzed.                                              

Geographical Context: 

The scope of the study was the southwestern slopes of the Binalud Mountains (northwest region of Neyshabur and Firouzeh City) from the mountains of the north of Khorasan Razavi Province.

The findings and discussion with the Komansko model and comparison with the parallel comparative model show a meaningful and close match in the scores of the sites. According to the overall values of the geo-sites, the turquoise mine (7000 years old), with a score of 87%, ranks first, Jaryani Bar waterfall ranks second with 83%, and Salt Mine ranks third with 81%. In the evaluation of the geo-site, only 6 of them have a rating of less than 50%.

Finally, due to the existence of different tourist sites and the possibility of visiting different tourist attractions in different seasons of the year, this region has the potential to become a national geo-tourism hot spot. However, in practice, it requires cultural measures and infrastructure.

Geomorphotourism is a tourist attraction based on the geomorphic systems on the ground, which has an extraordinary ability to attract tourists by creating attractive and beautiful landforms. One of the main goals of geomorphotourism is to educate and enjoy tourists from geomorphic phenomena, as well as to protect the natural environment and its landscapes in relation to not changing and avoiding human interference in disturbing the earth landscape. In fact, geomorphotourism is one of the fields of land studies and tourism studies that emphasizes the recognition of geomorphosites or special geomorphological landscapes. Thus, geomorphotourism can be defined as the study of geomorphosites or specific geomorphic landscapes that have scientific, ecological, cultural, aesthetic and economic values at the same time. According to this view, geomorphosites are geomorphological landforms that have acquired scientific, historical-cultural, aesthetic or socio-economic value due to human awareness and exploitation. These sites have a variety of landforms that are created by the interaction of internal and external factors of the earth over time in a specific territory and play an important role in understanding the long-standing geomorphological changes of a place. These sites are significantly different in terms of size and variety of geotourist attractions. From the point of view of diversity of geomorphic features in geosites, the concept of geodiversity is used, which means the diversity of geological and geomorphological features and is usually related to geoheritage elements such as geomorphosites and geomorphological elements and show an increasing attention to the effects of inanimate nature. Therefore, it is important and necessary in order to be aware of the geological heritage in the whole planet and to coordinate and adapt to the conservation approach, and since it includes numerous and diverse geological phenomena, it can indicate the structure and geological characteristic of a region and its geotouristic capabilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the playa geomorphosites and to acquaint the managers and planners of the tourism industry with the playa geomorphotourism attractions of Yazd province in order to pay more attention to the potential of these attractions in the tourism industry.

To prepare information about this research, field studies, library and documentary studies, as well as topographic maps (1,500,000), geology map (1: 100,000) and digital elevation map with a resolution of 30 meters of Yazd province were used. The combination of information obtained from the mentioned sources has determined the overall value of geosites in the study area. The modified Kamensko method has been used to evaluate the capabilities of geosites and higher value geosites that have more potential for geotourism development have been identified. Research on geomorphosite assessment methods in Iran shows that the best method for assessing geosites is the Kamensco method. Because this method uses several other methods such as Reynard, Pereira, Peralong, Coratza, Giusti, Bruschi, Cendrero, Zouros, Erhatic and Serrano evaluates geosites and puts more emphasis on the Managerial and aesthetic indices.

The Kamensko method was introduced by Kamensko in 2011 and is based on 5 values includes scientific, aesthetic, cultural, economic and managerial. Of course, the score of each value is based on several sub-criteria and is averaged. But since in this evaluation method, the emphasis is on managerial and aesthetic indicators, such as the attractiveness of each geosite for all age groups, creating a sense of calm for the tourist, the ability to play and entertainment for children and adolescents, and therapeutic features and medicine has not been paid attention. In the present study, some weaknesses in this method have been modified. Hence, the entertainment and attractiveness index has been added to the indicators provided by Kamensco, which include sub-criteria such as attractiveness for all age groups or for a specific age group, length of stay in these geosites, creating a sense of calm and relaxation, play and entertainment capabilities especially for children and adolescents and finally therapeutic and medical features. Due to the high importance of this index in the field of tourism, it has been given the highest score. Because the final composite index is based on the model and framework of the Kamensko, the same Kamensko scores are used, so that the score of each of the criteria assigned to the other indicators by Kamensko is reduced and dedicated the new index. In the present study, 15 significant playas, in Yazd province, have been studied and evaluated in terms of tourism capabilities in terms of size and features in them, including: Ardakan playa (Black Mountain playa), which is the most important playa in the region. It has located in the form of a horseshoe with a northwest, southeast direction in the northeast of Ardakan. The most famous playa of Yazd province is Abarkooh playa which is located in the form of a circle between two mountain ranges. Other playas of Yazd province are Saghand, Daranjir, Herat and Marvast, Bahadoran, Taghistan, Taq Siah, Abgir, Allahabad, Tal Hamid and Gorabkhor.

The results of the evaluations of playa's geomorphosites in Yazd province, based on the modified Kamenskoye model, show that among the 15 playas in the province, Bafgh playa with 76 points, had the highest score among them. After that, Ardakan playa with 68 points, Saghand playa with 62 points and Abarkooh desert with 57 points are in the next ranks. One of the most important features of these playa is the variety of geomorphic features and spatial suitable for activities and entertainment of different age groups from children and infants to adventurous youth and middle-aged people who can go to various activities such as hiking in the playa, walking on the sand dunes of the edge of playas, seeing various geomorphic landforms of the playas, seeing the surfaces of salt marshes, salty rivers, seeing clear skies and stars at night, relatively cool weather in hot seasons and things like camping, camel riding in the playa, Off-road vehicles, motorcycling and even cycling in the playa are among the other services and entertainments that can be considered for the deserts and attracting tourists.

Tourism One of the main elements of development and geotourism, as a form of sustainable tourism, has been of particular importance in the development of the tourism industry of the countries. Geotourism is an emerging fringe discipline that utilizes theories and methods of earth science and explores the content of other disciplines to serve the needs of tourism development, evaluating, planning, developing, managing and conserving tourism resources. Draws. In the meantime, Iran, despite its considerable potential, has so far failed to benefit from the industry. Therefore, the recognition of geotourism attractions and capabilities in recent years, along with the increased motivation of tourists to visit the natural landscapes, has attracted the attention of officials and managers. The present study is part of the coastal strip east of the Strait of Hormuz, a region in the province of Hormozgan, and a number of the cities of Minab, Sirik and Jask from the estuary of the Minab River in the north to the eastern bay of Jask Port, one of the famous geomorphological sites of Iran due to its attractions. With its unique geomorphological capabilities, including beautiful coastlines, golfers, shapes of mountainous terrain and beautiful geomorphological landscapes, Geotourism has been evaluated for tourism development while having these fascinating geomorphological features, Can have an important role in the sustainable development of the region. But specific environmental features such as unfavorable climate, saline water and soil, distance have caused issues such as unemployment, poverty and deprivation in the region, and unfortunately so far no capability has been identified as well as investment. Lack of infrastructure for tourism purposes makes access to the area difficult, including lack of accommodation, lack of proper communication, lack of tourism management, and lack of relevant agencies. Another issue is that the study area has been considered to be far out of reach of the country so the capabilities of this area from the perspective of the present study, namely geotourism development and in the field of geomorphosite capability assessment and management aspects. And its planning has not been thoroughly investigated.Therefore, diversification of tourism activities in this region can create employment, reduce poverty and create relative social welfare and reduce risks. Survey data were collected through fieldwork and direct observation as well as interviews. Also, statistical data was produced and analyzed based on documentary evidence as well as various images and maps. The locations and conditions of tourism-prone sites in the study area and their location and spatial distribution have been mapped using GPS to the baseline maps. A complete geographical and geomorphocyte scattering map was then obtained and after identifying geocytes and geomorphosites in the region, 36 sites were identified from tourism sites to evaluate tourism development capability, using two methods of Kubalikova (2013) and Braille (2015). In the Kubalikova method, the criteria are applied in five groups, including scientific and intrinsic value criteria, educational value criteria, economic value criteria, protective value criteria, and acquisition value criteria, covering almost all geotourism features. In the Braille method, the quantitative evaluation of geosites is carried out using four scientific, educational, tourist and demolition criteria. In this study, for rating geocytes, the rating of the values obtained from each geocache is combined and the geocache rank is determined. Each geosite is then valued and then the sum of values is combined and the final value of each geosite is obtained. The results of Kubalikova method showed that Azini wetland with 12 points, Minab and Bandar Kuhstak river with 11.75, Khortyab, Talvar and Sararo with 11.5, Gotan 11 with highest score, Azini wetland with higher score than value criteria Educational and acquisition, and later on, gained a higher score than the criterion of intrinsic and intrinsic value, as well as conservation, which was higher than other estates. The results also showed that in Brailha method, Azini wetland with a total weight of 920, cape Jask with a total score of 900 and Gotan with a total score of 870 had the highest weighting scores and ranked first to third with the most favorable conditions. Some of the most important factors that have made the Azini Wetland site a top priority in this way are the proper display of geological processes, the use of geosciences by international sciences, and the publication of scientific papers related to this geoscience in nationally accredited articles, Not limited in terms of field surveys and sampling, the high potential of geosciences education, the high area of the area, which comprises nearly 7 branch channels, and the ecological attractiveness of the geosite that is unique at the regional level. Therefore, in the eastern part of the Strait of Hormuz, there are diverse and beautiful natural and humane tourist attractions, each of which can somehow contribute to the development of the area, but the development of this geotourism potential of the area under study requires planning and allocation of facilities and equipment and providing tourism infrastructure. Activating the tourism aspect of the area can make full use of the sea and coastal capacities of the region, thus boosting the business and employment of the people of the region and making a significant impact on the local people's livelihood through tourism. On the other hand, unilateral pressure on the sea has been reduced by the activities of this sector in line with fishing activities, and thus the deleterious effects of human trafficking will be directed to a reasonable degree which could be part of the health of the marine ecosystem and Meet the beach

Iran has an important place in the world in terms of natural features and geological diversity. Different regions of Iran have the potential to be introduced for radar geopark. The dispersion of different geo-diversities is a potential capacity in this regard. Geotourism and geomorphotourism is a responsible, protective and scientific approach to unique natural phenomena in the context of geomorphosite identification. One of the strategies to create new employment is to develop the tourism industry based on monitoring diverse, fun and attractive natural places with appropriate access levels This study seeks to investigate the capabilities of the geopark and provide management solutions to attract tourists in the northwestern region of Neishabour and the city of Firoozeh in Khorasan Razavi province of Iran. Which was carefully evaluated by field survey and analysis of valid documents and model of geotourist commonscopant potentials including geosites, geomorphosites as well as cultural and economic sites. According to the study of the general values of geosites, Firoozeh mine with a score of 87% was ranked first, Abshar Bar with a score of 83% was ranked second and salt mines with a score of 81% were ranked third. In the evaluation of 36 geosites, only 6 cases were ranked less than 50%, and in addition to natural geosites, cultural and economic sites were also extremely important. It has become a hub of national geotourism and geopark.Since last year, with the outbreak and spread of Corona virus, there has been a significant decrease in the entry of domestic and foreign tourists to the study area. More foreign tourists to the unique and old turquoise mine (seven thousand years old) and other places that used to be.

Iran's vast country has different geographic conditions. As of the thirteen known climates in the world, it has eleven types. This has made many environmental, natural, recreational and economic benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate, identify and introduce the geotouristic capabilities of Ghezelowzan Basin based on the Fassoulas method. The catchment area of the Ghezelowzan is a landform of various quaternary processes that are changing. Identification of geosite plays an important role in explaining quaternary developments. The research methodology is based on description and analysis, which is described as a field study of the library to describe and describe the region. The selected geosites were then positioned on topographic maps of 1/50000 and using geological maps of 1/100000 of the region, the lithology of different landforms such as hoodoos, Behestan dom, salt domes Chehrabad, Pari lakes, copper mine Baiche Bagh, dikes Sedimentary, cuesta-like forms, kalut-like shapes, Kcadovan-like shaped forms, glacier circuses, and tectonic valleys-fridges. After identifying landforms, one of the most common and comprehensive geotouristic models called Fassoulas was used. The criteria defined in this model were defined in six main categories: scientific, ecological, conservation, cultural, aesthetic, economic and potential use. By assessing landforms in this model, it was determined that the chimneys of the Jen, Behestan, dome, Darband Ghaterchi valley and salt Dome of Chehar Abad were selected as the most suitable geocites for obtaining the maximum scientific and ecological score, while the Belogice glacier landform was also the lowest.

Geotourism has received a lot of attention as a branch of tourism in recent years and can be considered as one of the important pillars in the development of regions. Due to the importance of the issue, in the present study, the geomorphosites of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province have been evaluated. This research is based on descriptive-analytical methods and has been done in several stages. In the first stage, the geosites of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province have been identified using library studies, interviews and questionnaires. In the second stage, geosites have been evaluated using the Comanescu method, and finally, in the third stage, based on the obtained results, the potential geosites of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province have been identified. The results show that among the geosites of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Gandoman wetland geosite has the highest score with a total of 83 points. After this geosite, Spring Koohrang geosite with 82, Choghakhor wetland with 81 and Inverse Laleh plain with 78 points have the highest score. According to the above-mentioned cases, the geosites of Gandman wetland, Koohrang spring, Choghakhor wetland and Inverse Laleh plains have been selected as valuable geosites of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, which need special attention.

Geotourism is a combination of the term Earth and Tourism, and it is said to be Turismian, which has geological, morphological and cultural attractions. The correct and optimal use of these attractions in different regions requires recognition from different aspects. The purpose of this research is to assess the power of regional geotourism and compare the regions together. The study area of this research is the geotouristic areas of Kalahrood and Alaviyeh Caves, Safafa and Kaleghazi Mountains, Egyptian Deserts, Varzaneh and Matinabad, as well as Semirom, Nash and Shahlolak Falls of Isfahan Province. The present study is an exploratory and applied research, descriptive-analytic, which was evaluated using braille model of studied regions. Selection of places was carried out by four factors of reputation, integrity, geology, security, accessibility and beauty. After studying and identifying the geomorphologic features of geomorphocytes using library studies and using field surveys in the studied areas by the authors Is. This method is measured on four main indicators of scientific value, potential educational applications, potential tourist usage and risk of collapse. The findings of this research indicate that the Metinabad and Semirom waterfall and the Safav mountains and Ghazi hills have the highest scores in tourism values and fall into the first cluster. The educational values of Varzaneh and Matin Abad deserts and the Semirom waterfall and the Sufeh Mountains are located in the first cluster. The Egyptian and Matinabad mountains and Kalah Ghazi deserts have high scientific values among the studied geosciences, as well as the Varzaneh desert, the Semirum and Cheshmeh Naz and Shahlulak waterfalls also have the highest scores. The first cluster is the danger of collapse.

Geotourism is one of the branches of the earth sciences, which today represents new methods for explaining and analyzing the geosciences and identifying natural attractions in each region. In addition to playing an educational and scientific role, it contributes to the growth and development of tourism in a region. Geosites embody the scientific, conservation and tourism values that together form geotourism. Evaluating geosciences and prioritizing them from the perspective of tourism potential can be very effective in promoting scientific conservation and sustainable economic and social development. Alamut area is located northeast of Qazvin province. In addition to its heritage potential, it is also a culturally and socially important destination in the country. Alamut area of Qazvin province, along with its heritage potential, is also an important cultural and social destination in the country. For this purpose, ten area geostrategies including Alamut, Moalem Kale, Andaj Valley, Andaj rocks, , Athan-Kuchan Peak, Evan Lake, Garmarud Valley, Pich Bonn Falls and Athan Valley were selected, and through three evaluation methods GAM, Kubalikova and Kirchner (2016) and the National Parks method were evaluated. The combined results of the three methods show that the Evan, Alamut, and Moale Kyeh Geosites have the most favorable conditions that can be marketed as a tourism product, in contrast to the three Circus Evangeles - Dine River and Cochnan-Ethane and The Atan Valley is also in poor condition and the planning necessity to manage these geosites is very clear.

Geotourism is tourism that has said is attractive geological and geomorphological and considering the importance of the geosites have in development areas, In the present study it has been tried to the city geosites Divandarreh and Saghez as well as areas suitable for geotourism development in this area will be evaluated. For this purpose 16 geosites were selected in the study area. Then, using the two methods and Comanescu and Kubalikova. According to the criteria and subcriteria that each of these methods have been studied to evaluate them. Comanescu method is more emphasis on features beauty and landscape. For this reason geosites such as plain Saral, the beauty of the landscape and the perfect situation in this way the ratings are better than Kubalikova. Also areas of scientific and educational status are significantly better in the way Kubalikova have a higher rating. After evaluating geosites, maps zoning areas prone to the development of geotourism is provided. For this purpose the 8 parameters and for the purpose of zoning fuzzy modulation and ANP model is used. The results of zoning areas prone to the development of geotourism and as well as assessments made of two models indicate that in this area, cave Karafto, lake Shahid kazemi, plain Saral, Saghez river and mountain slopes Khan are the most suitable areas for targets. In fact, those areas with a high rating assessment procedures have gained in terms of the criteria that were considered in zoning are located in areas prone to the development of geotourism.

Geo tourism is one of the industries that has many revenues and revenues for societies. Following the transformation of demand in the 90s and the 21st century, other forms of tourism replaced the traditional mass tourism. The land of tourism or geo tourism is one of those forms that focuses on the understanding of forms and geological processes. Considering this part of tourism due to the competitiveness of tourism destinations is increasing day by day. The city of Dehloran in the province of Ilam is one of the destinations for the unique geo site alled the bog cave, spa springs and bitumen springs. Their special position distinguishes Dehloran from other similar purposes. The emphasis of this paper is on the proximity of these geo site together in the form of a triangle and the study of the distances and capabilities of this advantage. This study is an applied objective and has tried to analyze the capabilities of the tourism egoists in this city with a descriptive-analytical approach. The information it needs for analysis, from up-to-date and specialized resources, as well as official websites. The findings show that investing in these attractions is justifiable and has a very strong potential for attracting tourists and specialists, given the close distances and geostationary distances. Finally, by considering the results of the research and considering the geographical location of the region, constructive suggestions are made for the development of geotourism in the province of Ilam..

Geomorphology tourism or geotourismis one of the areas ofmodern studies in geoscience and tourism studies based on the identification of geomorphosites or special geomorphological sites. Geomorphosites are of new concepts that have entered the tourism literature with an emphasis on the location of special sites, therefore, it emphasizes on a set of geographical, geological andgeoarchaeology features. They also havescientific, ecological, cultural and economic values simultaneously and are utilized to understand and exploit human tourism. Geosites, which are a branch of geotourismgive rise to sustainable development in that region, due to their unique attractions. This new economy is completed in a network of cultural heritage and natural resources managements. Geosites of the region must be identified and introduced prior to any planning. Geosites in east Kurdistan province are very less known and only some of them have superficially drawn attentions,therefore, it has been tried to evaluate the capabilities of these geosites in this research while introducing them. This area, along with the attractions of geotourism has also sensitivities and limitations that can be severely damaged, if the red lines are violated. In fact, the purpose of this is to introduce Kurdistan geositeswith the aim of becoming more familiar with the capabilities of this geosite, as well as investigating the geotourist problems of the region in order to pay attention to the planning related to the tourism industry that can be economically effective on areas with geosites. This is an applied research, and descriptive-analytical method was used to analyze information and data. The final analysis has been carried out based on the results obtained from the evaluation of the values and criteria of geotourism. Survey procedure, field visits and field studiesas well as library and documentary studies have been used to collect information. The combination of library and field information will determine the overall value of the region’s geotourism. Two methods of Comanescu and Fassoulaswere used to evaluate the geosites in this research. In addition to evaluating geosites, the areas susceptible to geotourism development in the study area were zoned, and two Fuzzy and ANP models were used for this purpose. The methodology is in a way that the data layers first became fuzzy and comparable, using fuzzy model. Then, the obtained weight was multiplied by each one of the data layers, and thefinal map was obtained by integrating the data layers in Arc GIS. Finally, geosites which are susceptible to geotourism development were selected using the final results obtained from the zoning as well as the results obtained from the geosites evaluation by the use of two Comanescu and Fassoulasmodels. Discussion and results: After identifying the geosites, Comanescu and Fassoulas methods were used to evaluate them. For this purpose, library methods and experts’ opinionshavebeenused. First, the geosites were evaluated according to the criteria of Comanescu method, and based on the final results obtained from the evaluations, the GhalehQomchoqayhas the highestvaluewith a totalof 84 scores. After the GharQomchoqay, SarabQorveh and CheshmehTangzhave the highest valueswith 76 and 69 scores, respectively. Then the geosites were evaluated using the Fassoulas method, and according to the final results, GhalehQomchoqay and SarabQorveh with a total of 17.5 and 13 scores have the highest values, respectively. The results obtained from the evaluation by both Comanescu and Fassoulasmethods indicate the high value of GharQomchoqay and SarabQorveh for geotourism purposes. In the present research, in addition to the geosites evaluation, areas susceptible to development have been identified using the intended criteria and two Fuzzy and ANP models have been used for this purpose. After the evaluation done by the methods of Comanescu and Fassoulas,zoning of the areas susceptible to geotourism development was carried out,using the intended criteria. The results indicate that among the geosites of the study area, 8 geosites including GhalehQomchoqay,SarabQorveh, CheshmehTangz and Baba GoorGoor’sEzhdaha Mount, Badr and Parishan mountains, GharGolestaneh, KoohNesar and SarabBijar have a high Potential for the purposes of geotourism development. In most important of researches done in the country, the evaluation methods have only been used. However, the most important advantage of this research is that all the necessary criteria have been evaluated and the final result has been the outcome of the multi-criteria evaluation. In fact, in addition to the evaluation methods, the zoning methods have also been used. The use of zoning methods has led to taking the environmental factors into consideration in the selection of top sites and the sites selected as sexemplary sites need to meet all the necessary requirements for the development of geotourism infrastructure.

Geosites in addition to academic values, protective values, cultural, aesthetic, social and economic requirements. Based on this research geosites in the city of Marivan, have been studied. For this purpose the city 12 geo sites have been identified and assessed. This research To evaluate the geosites three methods have been used Gam, Fassoulas and Kubalikova. And after evaluation criteria and sub-criteria using any of the methods, based on the scores obtained, the regional geo sites are ranked. After evaluating geosites, maps zoning areas prone to the development of geotourism is provided. For this purpose, 8 parameter is used And in order to do zoning, the fuzzy logic model AHP is used. The results indicate that Zribar Lake, Plain Bilo, Plain Navtagh and Zone Ghamchian have the highest value. Also, the criteria were considered in these methods can be said that the management and protection of regional geosites not suitable It is therefore essential to develop geotourism industry in the city on the management, conservation and public awareness raising activities is necessary.

Nowadays, along with other social and cultural attractions, the geomorphological and climate ýattraction, curative waters and caves, and water stream have the special importance for ýeconomical studies and policy making. Geotourism is a new approach to explain the earth ýplanet and its natural capital. In addition to educational and scientific roles, it can cause to ýdevelopment of regional tourism and offer strategies for sustainable development in the ýgeotourism sites. Geotourism is one of the new area in tourism that follow tourism principles ýcompletely and compose of geology, geomorphology, natural landscapes, landforms, stones ýand minerals with emphasis on processes that create these shapes. This branch of tourism ýintroduce the phenomenon result from geology and geomorphology to tourists by observing ýthe international rules and standards along with keeping the local identity and also arrange and ýorganize this treasure observation and preventing from it’s destroying by human and pave the ýway for region developing. Therefore, it emphasize on a set of geographical, geology, bio–ýenvironmental, cultural and ancient in heritage characterizations and including every part of ýland surface that relate to better perception of land meaning and it’s history. It is necessary for ýdeveloping the geotourism of each region to identify the various geotourist attractions such as ýdesert, coastal, volcanic, mountainous regions and it’s development need to programming and ýcost spending that finally result in developing the region geotourism. This activity, not only ýhave economical, ecological and cultural – social benefits but also provide the employment of ýextensive range of students in mine, bio–environment , geography, geology areas and etc. ýGeomorphotourism is an approach that emphasizes on the use of geomorphological and ýgeological features and their ability with a focus on saving these features and forms and ýsustainable use of them (Reynard, 2008: 226). This approach also places an emphasis on ýmaintaining the geographical identity (Ranjbar, 1388) and referring to relationship between ýgeotrourism and historic - cultural signs and reminders (De Waele and Melis, 2009: 578ýþ þºPanizza and Piacente, 2008)ýþ þand also interactions between geomorphology and tourism .That ýeventually would be related to human activities and the history of the human life..So, ýgeomorphotourism is a combination of tourism goods, services, and foundations that are ýpromoted in the specific region and cultural elements which are related to them (Reynard, ýý2008: 225).Geomorphosite assessment is an issue that all geographers are interesting to ýfocusing on and developing it (Comanescu et al., 2011: 1164).The various studies have been ýcarried out in internal and world level about estimating the geomarphosites in two past decade ýand at the present they are doing with evolutional trend. In this research, the capability of ýlandforms result from salty diapirism in developing tourism in Semnan have been estimated. ýSemnan have been known as a salty tourism pole but unfortunately, there isn’t any research ýabout tourism result from salty diapirism in this city and even Iran.
Semnan province is located between 51◦ 51′ 51″ E and 57◦ 03′ 00″ E from prime meridian and ýý34◦ 13′ 00″ N and 37◦ 20′ 00″ from Equator. In this study, descriptive - analytical indicators ýand brilha method are used to analyze the data. Salty Geomorphosites of Semnan Province, ýwith using the satellite image processing and combined with topographical and geological ýmaps identified, then with help of library and field studies, geomorphological Properties of ýthe sites based on brilha method had been studied. The instrument used in this study consists ýof Digital Elevation Model (DEM), ETM Satellite Images, IRS Images, and Topography Maps ýin scale of 1:50000 produced by Iran Geographical Organization of the Armed Forces and ýGeological Maps in the Scale of 1:150000. In the first stepýþ þý35 cases of the most important ýattractions of geo-tourism features in the Semnan province was selected then value and ýcriteria according to brilha method determined and then each geomorphosite evaluated. Brilha ýmethod is a Quantitive technique to primary evaluation of geomorphosites from the view ýpoint of planning and sustainable management of natural heritage sites and turning them into ýtourist destinations. This method include 4 criteria such as Scientific, Educational, touristic ýand degredation risk and 37 indicators.ý
Landforming is one of the tectonical effects of salty diapiar in large and small scales. ýGeomorphological landform is a geomorphological event that have scientific, cultural – ýhistorical , geology and social – economical values according to human identification. In this ýresearch salty capabilities of Semnan province in order to geotourism development evaluated. ýFrom the salty landforms finally 35 geomorphosite in the semnan province in order to ýevaluation, selected. In order to select these features, some criteria such as ýRepresentativeness, rarity, integrity and Scientific Knowledge had been considered. Results ýshow that in the Scientific and Educational Criteria, Geomorphosite of southern of Semnan ýSalty dome get the highest value (3.8, 3.73) and then is placed on the first order, in the ýtouristic criteria, Geomorphosite of Kohdasht Kohan Salty dome get the highest value (3.63) ýand then is placed on the first order.ý
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In this research , we tried to estimating the capability of salty domes geomorphosite in the ýSemnan Province from geological and geomorphological point of view by using brilha ýmodel. Results show that salty geomorphosites have high scientific, protective and aesthetic ývalues but from the view point of tourism services and foundation are faced to several ýproblems and there isn’t enough facilities in this field. High protection level in this area is not ýrelated to administrative and scientific protection but is related to lack of awareness of these ýgeomorphosites and this means that officials and planners in the field of introducing the ýdesert geomorphosites of the Semnan province Limited efforts have been done.ý

Geotourism as a main foundations of tourism it support economical development in different reaginal of country. So in this investigate we use Rocha and omansco models for assessing potential of Geotourism in Geoutorism land forms of Almout valley. As we now for select of better Geosits we use Rocha (2014). It representative and uniquely are concenteraited, between 23 Geosites 6 cases them are superior Geosites. That have selected and assessmanted. Capability method of Komensco relative to other method of evaluate of Gemorphosites, addation to modern method, more quality criterion for every effective criterion. On the basis of resuls Ovan lak . has scored the most point 15/52, and Vali Goshnehrod cave. The least point between all of other landforms. Geomorphosites of Garmaroad waterfall Garmarod valley Andoj cliff and Allamut citadel are between 2 to 5 degree. The most score is belong to Ovan lake. Because of scientific, educational potentials ecological divercity and unique envirirment. On the basis of this study shows that in spite of potential of province to development Geotourism, only some of Geosites such as Ovan lake and Garmarod water fall have more concenterated and the some cases such as ValiGoshnehrod cave and GarmGalo valley. Because of remoteness from centeral city and lack of appropriate woy and appro praite detections. This Geomorphosites have high potential and capacity for tourist and Gemovphosits. Key words; Geosites-Recha model-Komansco modelAlamout valley.

Extended Abstract :The geomorphosites are the key concepts for geotourism development which can bring about some accurate assessments from the spatial distribution of specifications and also from the scientific, cultural, historical, social and economic values. So they are the base for designing and management the geoparks beneficially. In this study, we have assessed the potentials of main geomorphosites in the Taft by the usage of both geosite assessment method (GAM) and field studies. The geosite assessment model is a graph which contains 9 fields. in the zone; The geomorphosite 6 is suitable for geotourism development on the basis of their main values (scientific/educational, aesthetic /scenic and protection as market appeal and conservation) and additional values (functional and tourism use as current stage of development) would have been placed at the Z22 field which indicates an average level of both main and additional values. According to the results, the upmost score from among the main values is belonged to the Tezerjan snow accumulation site (7/75) and the upmost score from among the additional values is relevant to the Oghab mountain (8/75). Generally, the Oghab mountain has the most score of 14/25 and the Tamehr spring geosite has the shading score of 14 which would be placed as the next preference choice for programming the sustainable development and also conservation programs. So the administrators must pay their attention on it, spacially for managing the natural and cultural heritages. Geomorphosites are the index which determines value of natural forms based on different geomorphological, geological, hydrological features, animal features, ecosystem, dendrology, and landscape design and landscape value. In fact, special value of geomorphosites is determined considering perception and productivity of human. This value is different based on focus on each of the scientific, environmental, cultural, aesthetic or economic values. Assessment of geomorphosite is necessary in effective management process of land heritage capitals though some features are different in assessment models and uniform methods have not been developed. Values of geomorphosite have two main components: scientific value and additional values (cultural –historical, environmental, economic, cultural and aesthetic value). Identification of sites with the highest value makes possible planning and operationalization of suitable protective design, general actions and also expansion of tourism infrastructures. Goal of this paper is to study main and additional values of their charismas with Geosite Assessment Model (GAM) which is based on the previous methods while identifying main geomorphosites of Taft. After studying and identifying geomorphological features of sites based on field and library studies, Geosite Assessment Model was used to assess them. GAM was used in 2011 to assess geotouristic potential in FRUKA GORA Mountains of Serbia. In this model, there are 12 subcriteria of main values (Table 1) and 15 subcriteria of additional values (Table 2) which have been ranked from 0 to 1(Table 3) though there are some differences between this model and other methods. GAM method is defined as a simple equation: GAM = Main Values (VSE+VSA+VPr) + Additional Values (VFn+VTr) Based on results of assessment, a matrix of main and additional values is formed (Figure 1). These values are presented through X and Y axes. The matrix is divided into 9 fields (zones) which are expressed with Z(i and j) and (i and j=1,2,3) based on the rank which each geosite has received in the previous assessment stages. Main lines which created each field have been determined in X axis with value of 4 units and in Y axis with value of 5 units. In fact, condition of each field indicates suitable general development of tourism, market demand and special protection management policy. Discussion and Considering assessment results of main values (MV), Taft geomorphosites (Shirkooh Mountains, Tazarjan Snow Accumulation Site, Dareh Gahan Waterfall, Tamehr Spring, Sakhavid Basin, Oghab Mountain). The highest total rank of subcriteria of scientific and educational value (VSE) is given to Shir Kooh Site (2.25). The highest total rank of subcriteria of scientific and educational value (VSE) is given to Shir Kooh Site (2.25). The highest total rank of subcriteria of scientific and educational value (VSA) is given to Tazarjan snow accumulation site (3.25). The highest total rank of subcriteria of protection value (VPr) is given to two Tazarjan Snow Accumulation Site and Sakhoid Basin with equal score (2.5). Additional value (AV) assessment of geomorphosites shows that the highest total score of subcriteria of Functional value (VFn) is related to Oghab Mountain Site (4.25). The highest total rank of subcriteria of Tourism value (VTr) is related to two sites of Tamehr Spring and Oghab Mountain with equal score of 4.25. Then, total scores of subcriteria of main value and additional value were determined according to GAM equation for the said geomorphosites (Table 4). Total scores of all sites show numbers with very little difference. Therefore, all of them were included in Z22 field (Figure 1) indicating their average condition. Geosites of Oghab Mountain (14.25) and then Tamehr Spring (14) with little difference and the highest score have high priority for planning in the zone. Of course, total scores of additional value of these two geomorphosites are higher than other geomorphological sites of the zone due to easier access with score of 1, adjacency to propagation centers with score of 1, Additional functional values with scores of 0.75 and 0.5. The tourism values include adjacency to Eslamieh Touristic center with very short distance, higher number of visitors of geomorphosite of Oghab Site due to location beside Yazd-Shiraz Road, round-the-clock services and restaurant near them in these two geomorphosites which have higher score than other geomorphological sites of the zone.