جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « t value » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

 The aim of the present research is to identify and evaluate industries' loading effects on economic sustainability and unsustainability in rural settlements in Mobarakeh County.

 This research was descriptive-analytical in nature and method, and AMOS software and the AHP technique were used for data analysis.

 The results of the structural model showed that the variable of publishing added value and emission rights of industries to villages with a coefficient of 0.98 was the most important positive effect, and the variable of reducing the number of farmers with a coefficient of 1.04 was introduced as the most significant negative consequence of loading industries. The results of the AHP model showed that the criterion of publishing added value and emission rights of industries to villages and increasing income and employment, with a weight of 0.511, was the most important positive effect, and the criterion of agricultural decay with a weight of 0.254 was introduced as the most important negative consequence of the establishment of industries.

 The results of the mentioned survey showed that from the point of view of household heads and managers of local institutions, on the one hand, by using added value, pollution rights, increasing the level of income, and creating job opportunities, villages in the area have been driven to economic sustainability. On the other hand, the area faced unsustainability in the economic dimension, a decrease in agriculture, and increased land and housing prices.

Innovation:

 This study is one of the few studies that have been carried out in the field of assessing the effects of the establishment of industries (mother industries) according to the sustainability approach, and its results have been displayed in the form of structural models.

This article addresses the increasing demand for parks and entertainment centers, emphasizing the necessity of analyzing them from economic and social perspectives. Despite challenges, it underscores the importance of anticipating future requirements. Evaluating the economic value of these spaces is crucial for city officials and development project managers. The research focuses on assessing the recreational value of Aab-o-Aatash Park using a descriptive-analytic method and questionnaires from 160 park visitors. Findings reveal the park's high recreational value, with expenses and park quality impacting visitor numbers and facilities. This highlights the role of governors in improving park quantity and quality to enhance its economic value. The study underscores the significance of ongoing park improvements to elevate their economic and social contributions.

Housing is a fundamental component in fulfilling the biological, economic, and social requirements of every household. The rapid urbanization, burgeoning urban populations, rural-to-urban migration, degradation and demolition of aging structures, diminishing household sizes, and housing supply challenges are prevalent issues in many cities, particularly in developing nations, such as Iran and India. This study focused on the housing exchange values in the 10th district of Tehran. The research was purpose-driven and employed a descriptive-analytical approach with a quantitative methodology. Regression and Moran methods were utilized for the investigation with housing prices for villas and apartments as dependent variables and 14 indicators as independent research variables. Spatial analysis was conducted using ArcGIS software. The results of the multivariate regression analysis indicated that household income had a direct impact of 17% among economic factors, while density had a direct effect of 77% among social factors. Additionally, structure age and type accounted for 63% and 31% of the most significant negative impact on housing price fluctuations in the 10th district of Tehran, respectively. Access to medical facilities had the most adverse effect on housing prices in the southern part of District 10, whereas access to commercial centers had the most substantial direct impact on housing exchange values in the district. Consequently, the highest concentration of hot spots indicating the highest housing exchange was observed in the northern and central parts of the 10th district of Tehran.

In recent years, the housing sector of Iran as a developing country has experienced significant fluctuations, resulting in widespread adverse effects on households, other economic sectors, and even the banking system. Consequently, the impact of monetary policy on the performance of housing market has become a primary concern for policymakers, necessitating appropriate responses from monetary and financial authorities due to the sector's pivotal role in the country. Housing and its market have been the subject of extensive urban studies, particularly in urban economics, over the past 4 decades. The municipality of District 10 of Tehran has undergone rapid physical and economic expansion in the last two decades accompanied by increased investment in construction. Urban management initiatives have further exacerbated this situation, leading to unbalanced spatial developments at the regional level. Weaknesses in the housing sector within the municipality of the 10th district of Tehran include the housing supply-demand gap, particularly among low-income groups, a high number of households requiring assistance, a low proportion of durable residential units, a high prevalence of non-professional constructions, and the greater profitability of land transactions compared to housing construction. Additionally, there has been a surge in trading activities, a disproportionate increase in land prices compared to construction, and an intensified expansion in recent years. Therefore, this research conducted a spatial analysis of urban housing exchange values over a 1-year period (2022). By examining the spatial analysis of housing prices and exchange values, variations in income, culture, urban infrastructures, and perceived social and environmental comfort across different areas and localities could be observed. Consequently, the findings of this study could offer valuable insights for urban planners, managers, and housing investors. 

This study was applied in its purpose and employed a descriptive-analytical method using a quantitative approach. Multivariable regression analysis was utilized to explore the relationship between factors influencing the exchange value of housing from both consumer and producer perspectives, identifying key determinants affecting housing prices. The research findings were presented through descriptive tables, explanatory tables, and numerous maps created by the researcher. The results highlighted the components and factors with the greatest and least impact on the land and housing market in the neighborhoods of District 10 of Tehran. The study drew on documentary sources, statistical data, censuses, official information from relevant organizations, internal and external information databases, as well as comprehensive and detailed urban development maps and plans to collect theoretical foundations and extract data. Given the significance of direct observation in geographical research, the researchers’ observational method and familiarity with the study area served as the primary research tools supplemented by a researcher-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire primarily focused on gathering land and housing prices from real estate consultants for 2022. The research methodology integrated both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The theoretical framework was developed based on the subject under study and the study employed statistical description and analysis, image processing, and analysis using spatial databases and geographic information systems. Additionally, Excel, SPSS, and ArcGIS software were utilized for data preparation and processing. 

One of the most notable and distinctive aspects of this study in comparison to others was the spatial analysis of housing prices in District 10. This involved the integration of geographic information system software and quantitative models, such as hot and cold spot models, Moran, Vansim, and vector map conversion to raster. These were recalculated at the level of study units (statistical blocks of the 10th district of Tehran) revealing the spatial analysis of independent (economic, social, and physical) variables. Despite the highest density of apartment buildings being in the neighborhoods of Hashemi, South Karun, South Salisbil, and North Salisbil in Tehran's 10th district, it appeared that the value of multi-story buildings in the neighborhood of South Zanjan was more influenced by land prices, household income, and employment rates. Three spatial autocorrelation patterns (clustered, scattered, and random) were observed with Moran's coefficient indicating a clustered pattern in relation to the price of villa buildings at the level of North Salisbil, South Karun, and South Karun localities. The economic factors influencing housing prices in 2022 at the level of residential blocks in Tehran's 10th district included land prices, household income, mortgages, and rents. The regression analysis conducted in Excel software revealed a 0.64% correlation between economic indicators and housing prices. The highest correlation between socio-cultural indicators and housing prices in the southern areas of Tehran's 10th district was observed in Imam Khomeini, Hashemi, Karoun, and Kimel streets, the beginning of Nematullah Shah Parori Street, and the end of Malik Ashtar Street. According to Moran's spatial autocorrelation model, the coefficient for the correlation of the indicators of access to uses and services and housing prices was 0.050658%. The highest correlation to all factors was observed in District 10 (north of the region) corresponding to Karun and North Salisbil localities. Access to urban services, military uses, and facilities like airport had led to a significant decrease in prices, while access to commercial, medical, and educational centers had a positive effect on increasing housing prices. 

Housing stands as a fundamental necessity within any society and fluctuations within this sector exert a profound impact on the broader economy. Therefore, precise forecasting of housing prices holds significant importance for homeowners, investors, and other stakeholders in the housing sector. The presence of a reliable method for predicting housing prices can enhance efficiency of the housing market. The surge in urban population over recent decades coupled with limited access to resources, services, and essential infrastructure has transformed housing into a scarce and invaluable commodity. The housing predicament is a consequence of the industrial revolution and subsequent developments leading to a detachment of its exchange value from its consumption value. Its significance has continued to escalate across diverse societies. This study leveraged spatial descriptions and analyses available in geographic information systems (ArcGIS software) complemented by statistical analyses conducted using Excel and SPSS software.

Human behavior plays a major role in the creating and persistence of various environmental problems. Proposed models for modifying behavioral patterns emphasize a component called motivation, which is the primary basis for sustainable decisions. Given the housing importance in sustainable development, new patterns of life in communal housing, and designers' emphasis on privacy in spatial arrangements, the present study aims to investigate the impact of territorial behavior on strengthening behavioral motivations in achieving sustainability. For this purpose, first, the configuration patterns and order of the interior space of housing were examined syntactically, and then the research hypothesis was tested by distributing 516 questionnaires. Observations showed that contemporary housing has two central and axial patterns that the spatial value of public, semi-public, and private realms has different syntactic features in each of them. In the central pattern, public arenas have higher integrity, visibility, permeability, and usability; while in axial patterns, they have more spatial separations and higher usability in private areas. In addition to syntactic analysis, the analysis of variance test also confirmed the difference in territory behavior between residents of the two mentioned models. The results confirmed the positive relationship between spatial configuration, territory, and motivation of sustainable behaviors, and showed that central oriented design and strengthening of spatial stimuli for the use of collective spaces, can predict 28% of motivation of sustainable behaviors. While having a behavioral intent in sustainability is 29% predictive of motivation, territory and spatial configuration with 28% predictability will be an important and controllable factor.

The purpose of the current research is to discover the relationships between quality variables, perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty goals using structural equation modeling (SEM). According to the purpose, this research is practical and in terms of descriptive-survey method and correlation type. The statistical population of the study was rural tourists in ten most visited villages around holy Mashhad, which include the villages of Zoshak, Khader, Shandiz, Anbaran, Kang, Dehsorkh, Jaghargh, Andarakh, Ngandar and Akhlamed. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a sample using quota non-probability sampling. The research tool was the standard questionnaire of Zhaoting et al. (2020). The validity of the model and the relationship between the research variables were confirmed by the structural equation modeling method. To measure reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used and confirmed. Data analysis was done to test the hypotheses using structural equation method and Lisrel software. According to the obtained results, the perceived quality of the rural tourist has a positive and significant effect on the perceived value and affects his satisfaction. Also, the perceived value of the rural tourist has a positive and significant effect on the satisfaction of the rural tourist. In addition, the satisfaction of rural tourists has shown a positive and significant effect on the intention to revisit, willingness to pay for special rural products, and word-of-mouth advertising.

present research aimed to Impact of Customer Brand Identification on loyalty With Emphasis on the Role of Intermediary Service Quality, Perceived Value and Trust in the Hotel Industry in Five Star Hotels of East Azerbaijan Including: El-Goli Pars and Shahriar Hotels has been done in the March of 2116. The data required for this research has gathered by questionnaire with available non-random sampling method from Five Star Hotels guests of Tabriz City. This research, in terms of purpose is functional and based on data collection, is descriptive survey. Also, It has been used structural equation modeling through the Smart pls software to analyze data. Statistical population of this research has considered all guests of the Five Star Hotels Tabriz City. Provided results showing that Customer Brand Identification on Brand loyalty, Service Quality, Perceived Value and Brand Trust has a significant and positive impact. Service Quality, Perceived Value and Brand Trust on Brand loyalty has a significant and positive impact. And also it was shown that Service Quality has the largest is path coefficient and its impact on Brand loyalty is higher than other variables.

In this article, while reviewing the latest concepts and findings in the field of marketing strategy, a model for developing a marketing strategy is introduced. Most views on marketing are short-sighted and reduce it to a tactical tool, while marketing goes far beyond tactics. In addition to engaging in tactical activities such as sales and promotion, marketing also includes strategic analysis and planning, which provides the infrastructure for the success of tactical elements. The marketing strategy formulation model in this research is based on Alexander Cherno model and has five key aspects which are: identifying and selecting target customers, determining the expected value of target customers, determining the expected value of the company, determining the expected value of the partner, identifying and Determining a sustainable competitive advantage. This research is in the scope of applied research in terms of purpose and library study methods as well as field methods such as questionnaires have been used, and in terms of nature and method, it is a descriptive survey research. Based on this, a case study was conducted to formulate the marketing strategies of Homa Hotels Group in the first half of 1400.

The purpose of this paper is explaining the Role of Customer Engagement in Creating Value for the Hotel Tourism Industry Based on Perceived Value and Value Provided to the Customer. For this purpose, Hotel customers in Tabriz, Iran, were selected as the sample population, and 752 customers participated in the research by completing the questionnaire. A convenience sampling method was used to select statistical sample. The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling technique and AMOS software. The results of the research showed that the utilitarian value and hedonistic value have a positive effect on customer perceived value. Also, the research findings showed that the customer perceived value has a positive effect on all three dimensions of customer engagement value (Customer Lifetime, Customer Influence Value, and Customer Knowledge Value).

Many theories and approaches to preserving this precious heritage have been elaborated and introduced since the attention of urban planners and managers has shifted toward preserving and restoring historical areas. The most important of these approaches used today in many parts of the world is urban recreation. In addition to the historical boundaries of the city, besides physical restoration, it requires programs and strategies that lead to economic prosperity in weak and inactive areas. Therefore, in this study, after introducing urban regeneration approaches such as culture based Regeneration, tourism-based Regeneration and urban branding-based Regeneration, the components of creating value added strategies based on these approaches were introduced.

By looking at the components of urban regeneration and the strategies introduced to create value added in the historical area, it can be deduced that prioritizing the five economic, social, cultural, physical dimensions needs to be achieved in order to achieve sustainable urban r regeneration goals that lead to added value. And it's functional. We also prioritize measures that measure each of these dimensions to identify development-driven projects.This study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of quantitative data analysis. In order to gather information for the present study, to identify potentials in the area that can be transformed into value and act as catalysts. Two methods of library study and statistics were used and quantitative method of questionnaire was used. Data collected using smart PLS software And they have been analyzed by structural equations and factor analysis. On the other hand, confirmatory factor analysis has been used in this study.

In this study, the perceived potentials for orientation of regeneration projects in the study area were analyzed in five dimensions: economic, social, physical, cultural and social. Each of these dimensions will have their own unique effects, and the degree of importance and role of the program will vary. In this study, for the purpose of creating value added in the historical context of District 11, the components and metrics in the above dimensions were selected and the questionnaire questions were designed accordingly. Consequently, one of the results of the analysis of the answers may lead to the answer, which dimension and which measures would be most effective in creating added value in the historical Area? Among the dimensions, the regression coefficients of the functional, physical, and social dimensions are higher than the two cultural and economic dimensions, respectively.This means that the roles and functions and types of uses, environmental qualities, and urban spaces created alongside local social capital will be effective in creating value in recreation projects. On the other hand, the coefficients obtained for each dimension measure show that the political-administrative centralities in the functional dimension as well as the presence of chaotic paths due to historical sites and buildings have the highest regression coefficients.

According to the results of the factor analysis, it seems that functional, physical and social contexts can be more involved in the creation of value in the historical texture regeneration project. But how can the results of this analysis be useful in recreating the study area? Meanwhile, attention to the political centrality factor of the study area in Tehran shows a very strong potential for value creation. Because many places and political centers have been formed in this area for many years, but unfortunately due to the tendency to leave many organs out of the Tehran traffic plan, over the past twenty years there has been widespread disruption in the creation of public and political centers throughout Tehran. However, the existence of a proper public transport infrastructure could provide good conditions for the resettlement of these centers in the region. In addition, in many cities the creation of these centers with magnificent architectures along with historical sites has created an acceptable synergy in creating high quality and high visitor streets Based on factor scores, solutions such as enhancing the attraction of heritage buildings through conservation (reusing spaces and controlling their environmental factors), creating tourism and walking paths in historical areas and paths, removing rigid and impenetrable walls (visual) In large-scale buildings, the use of water fountains in a variety of forms at appropriate intervals along the Valiasr axis to create visual and auditory richness, as well as a focus on re-focusing Tehran's political-administrative centers, albeit with a focus on creating visions By creating magnificent architectural monuments, he can create value in historical areas The study area was effective in creating sustainable urban regeneration.

This study, using the combined method, aims to build and validate a tool for measuring the value of tourists' participation. In the first stage, using the meta-combination method, the researcher focused on the subject during the years 2000 to 2020 and the values ​​resulting from the participation of tourists were identified. In the second stage, based on the literature, a questionnaire was prepared and given to several university professors and marketing and tourism researchers, and after applying the necessary comments and corrections, the questionnaire was distributed among 440 tourists who had visited one of the countries of Malaysia, UAE, Azerbaijan, and Turkey during the last 5 years. Next, the validation of the model was done using the SPSS24 software. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fitness of the 5-factor model. Based on the obtained results the questionnaire of this research can be used as a suitable tool to measure the value of tourists' participation. Using the mixed method to identify the effects of tourists' participation and also introducing a tool to measure the value of tourists' participation was one of the innovations of this research.

Sustainable urban brands are formed from social contexts and interaction between humans and the environment; and the evaluation criterion is the level of satisfaction that is recorded in the minds of citizens as a result of environmental experience. This study aims to measure citizen satisfaction with the selective street branding trial project in Tohid-Shahr of Sabzevar, entitled "Food and Recreation Street". This study uses a descriptive-analytical approach which at first, the TOPSIS technique was used to determine which street would be the best to implement a pilot branding plan and to analyze citizens' perspectives based on traffic patterns and physical characteristics. Accordingly, Ferdowsi Street was selected as a trial platform for the branding plan, and then, through the Food and Recreation Street pilot festival, the level of satisfaction and identification of citizens' main needs if the project continues, was measured. In this regard, through Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among all citizens, and according to Cronbach's test, the validity of these questionnaires was calculated to be 0.713. Finally, the data collected was evaluated by t-test. Accordingly, the level of meaning of the components was less than 0.05 and the hypothesis of citizens' satisfaction with the proposed plan was confirmed and the only component that needs more attention in future plans is the climatic comfort with a level of meaning of 0.10. Finally, the Friedman test ranked user satisfaction's four categories for the branding plan: satisfaction with social attributes, functional-physical attributes, managerial attributes, and environmental attributes.

The expansion of trade between the countries of origin of tourism and the country of destination often leads to the continuation of travel to the destination country. Therefore, theoretically and empirically, the volume of foreign trade and tourism are related to each other. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the value of foreign trade imports and tourism demand in Iran. This research is applied in terms of purpose. The main method in this research is econometric model and panel var method was used for analysis. The study period to evaluate the relationship between foreign trade and tourism demand in Iran, during the years 2016-2011 (2016-2016) and the selected countries are China, UAE, the Republic of Korea and Turkey. Regarding the impact of foreign trade, this study found that the value of imports between Iran and its trading partners has a positive and significant effect on increasing the number of tourists.

Today, the growth and development of societies in economic, social, political, public health and security dimensions depends on the performance of critical infrastructure. Infrastructure management and management is one of the most important concerns in this field to ensure their proper performance and sustainability against the risks ahead. Securing and safeguarding critical infrastructure and key assets against all risks, factors and adverse conditions is one of the most challenging issues for governments due to limited financial resources. One way to overcome these limitations is to prioritize and classify infrastructure. Proper determination of priorities, using measurable indicators, in addition to distinguishing critical assets and infrastructure from non-critical ones, leads to optimal resource management and increases the effectiveness of measures to protect critical infrastructure. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate and validate the indicators of the vitality of critical infrastructure and determine the weight of each indicator by the best-worst method. The results of studies performed on 26 initial indicators and the validity and reliability of the indicators led to the final confirmation of 24 indicators. Weighting of indicators was done according to the best-worst method (BWM). Based on calculations based on the opinions of selected experts, the index "Number of population at risk" with a weight of 8.5%, "Independence and territorial integrity" with a weight of 7.8% and "Defense capability" with a weight of 7.8%, respectively, have the highest weight and importance. Are assigned among the indicators.

During the last two decades, Landslide susceptibility mapping is very important for landslide hazard assessment and has become an effective method (Zhao et al. 2016 and 2015). So that now the results of landslides prepared for landslide management and mitigation are widely used in the world. Ildoromi et al. (2017) by examining the effective factors and landslide hazard zoning using surface density model, hierarchical analysis (AHP) and logistic regression in Ashvand watershed showed that regression logistic and AHP models are suitable models of land hazard zoning Slips are in the area. Bravo et al. (2019) in assessing landslides using sensitivity models and comparing them in the western continent, India, by measuring the cameras had that landslides in the region under the influence of a set of conditions and factors such as altitude, slope, lithology, And geomorphology occurs, etc. In addition to external factors, precipitation, tectonics and human activity are also very effective on the frequency of landslides. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the statistical models of landslide hazard zoning in the watershed of Kurdistan Dam.

Kurdistan Dam watershed with an area of 120.15 Km2 is located in the northeast of Saqez city.
In this study, after determining the study area, 9 landslides occurred, location and landslide distribution map were prepared. In the next step, the factors affecting the landslide occurrence in the region, including geology, precipitation, land use, distance from the river, distance from the fault, slope, altitude were identified and then a map of these factors was prepared to prepare their information provinces. Then, by scoring the effective factors, and using each of the statistical models of information value, surface density, frequency ratio and LNRF, the final landslide hazard zoning map by 10.2 software, Arc / map and Arc / GIS10 3. Prepared in the Kurdistan Dam watershed. Also, in order to evaluate the accuracy and comparative comparison for landslide hazard prediction in the basin in the models, three criteria, landslide index, accuracy of predicted results and compression ratio have been used and the most suitable model for the watershed has been introduced and selected .

Based on the computational results using evaluation indicators and comparison of landslide hazard assessment models in the watershed of Kurdistan Dam, it is inferred that in the information value model, the value of Li index is 72.32, in level 30 density, LNRF 81.65 and At a frequency ratio of 49.4%, the basin is in the high hazard category. The results of the total quality of Qs in the models also show that LNRF models have presented the frequency ratio, surface density and correct information value or seismic hazard segregation in the watershed of Kurdistan Dam with differences. So that information value and LNRF models with values of 2.41 and 2.89, respectively, have better and more accurate performance in landslide hazard zoning of the basin than frequency ratio models with value of 0.304 and surface density with 1.11. The results of compaction of density ratio values show that LNRF models and information value in the separation between hazard categories with density ratio index, respectively, have the highest desirability and accuracy compared to frequency ratio models and surface density in terms of methods used in the basin. In general, the results of P index study show that among the models used in this study, information value models with a P value of 0.81 and in the LNRF of 0.89 are appropriate models in accordance with the study area. And surface density and frequency ratio models are less accurate.

Currently, few studies have been conducted on the use of comparative methods in relation to landslide assessment and zoning and increasing the accuracy of landslide hazard maps. In this study, using statistical models of frequency ratio, information value, surface density and LNRF, final landslide hazard zoning maps in Kurdistan dam basin were prepared and the accuracy of the models, with landslide index, accuracy of predicted results and ratio Compression was assessed. The results of field studies and analysis of basin zoning maps show that statistical models show that a significant percentage of the basin area is in the high hazard category.The results of evaluation and comparison of landslide hazard assessment models using indicators show the upward trend of all models and especially the upward trend of compression ratio index indicates better separation of hazard classes in information value models and LNRF compared to surface density models and The ratio is abundant. One of the reasons is the adaptation of geological, geomorphological and climatic characteristics of Kurdistan dam basin with effective factors in statistical models of information value and LNRF compared to surface density models and frequency ratio. In general, the results of P index study show that among the models used in this study, information value models with a P value of 0.81 and in the LNRF of 0.89 are appropriate models in accordance with the study area. Due to the complex and nonlinear behavior of the variables involved in landslides in the study area, it is recommended to use geomorphometric indicators such as the effect of curvature, cross-curvature, surface curvature and Gaussian and tectonic curvature to complete the results of these studies.dunes. The stability model was involving the input and output of energy and material in the barchan system that eventually is formed a flow structure. This structure is representing the stability and equilibrium of barchan system in time. Also, the obtained results from investigation of steady state index show the barchan dunes, with annual displacement rate more than 12 meters, have the maximum number and highest rates of displacement, and have the lowest steady state. Thus this group is demanding the more attention and planning requirements for stabilization of quicksand and environmental management of mobile barchan dunes.

This study was designed to investigate the impact of perceived security and perceived value on touristschr('39') spatial attachment. The present study is of applied purpose and of descriptive-analytical method. Libraries and field methods were used to collect the required data and data. The statistical population of the study consisted of tourists coming to Zanjan province. The sample size of the study was estimated to be 384 people using Cochran formula. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha and the combined reliability coefficient (Cr). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face and expert validity and divergent validity by calculating the mean variance index. SPSS and LISREL were used for data analysis. The results showed that the sense of security and perceived value had a significant and positive effect on touristschr('39') spatial attachment.

Municipalities in Iran that serve as local governments in urban affairs must use local financial resources to cover their costs. One of these local financial resources is the cost of a building. Since the basis for calculating the charges have been the value of a real-estate transaction, the correct estimate has been very important. The aim of this paper is to use artificial neural network model for estimating residential property prices in district 2 of Tabriz; to achieve the regional value that is the basis for calculating the trading value. The approach of this research is applied and development researches. Statistical population is the residential property in district two of Tabriz which is 24638. Cochran formula was used to estimate the sample size and estimate 378 as samples. For desirable estimation 400 units were randomly selected. To remove the effect of time, only data from June to August 2018 were used. The data were collected through survey and inquiry from real-estate agents. In this research, were used MATLAB 2013 and ArcMap 10.4. The results show the high accuracy of the artificial neural network in estimating property prices. The trading value approved by all the blocks in district two of Tabriz is lower than the estimated value of the artificial neural network. The highest difference in estimation is in 13, 7 and 24 blocks (respectively -3050380, -2752550 and -2430850 Rial) and the lowest difference is in 9 block (-399850 Rial). Thus, the total trading value is “11,056,920” Rials less than the estimated value.

The present study has physically analyzed the effect of the destination image variable on the perceived quality of tangible and intangible factors and the perceived value of urban tourism areas. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran's formula for unknown communities to 173 people and were selected from tourists visiting the Darabad area of Tehran. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, multiple linear regression in SPSS software and structural equation modeling in AMOS software. Findings from the modeling of structural equations and factor loads calculated in the standard state, indicate that the quality of tangible factors with a factor load of 0.70, has been more affected by the mental image of tourists. After that, the mental image of tourists with a factor load of 0.64 had an effect on the quality of perceived tangible factors. Furthermore, the mental image of tourists has affected the perceived value of services with a factor load of 0.45. The role of mediating factors in the quality of perceived tangible factors and the quality of perceived intangible factors on the perceived value of tourism services has been measured using multiple linear regression. According to the results, the quality of perceived tangible factors with a beta statistic value of 0.205 had a greater effect on the perceived value of services in the Darabad tourist area, followed by the quality of perceived intangible factors with a beta value of 0.193.

Conservation planning needs to identify the perceptions of local communities about the distribution of uses. Required areas for supporting welfare of these communities within and around protected areas is called community use zone. Based on theoretical foundations and given that every place has value or values for local communities, it is possible to identify local values by combining participatory approach and explicit spatial approach. The aim of this study is to identify community use zone in Dena district and in the vicinity of the Dena protected area. In this regard, ethnography is applied by practices such as semi-open questionnaire, field observation and literature review and then is complemented by participatory mapping. Collecting data of local values (Subsistence, economic, cultural and conservative) is continued until the information saturation. Participants marked these hotspots of providing services on four basic maps. After digitizing the data, the spatial overlapping of these areas has been investigated. Community use zone is designated by counting the overlaps of subsistence, economic, and cultural values. Most of this zone is around rivers, roads and settlements. Within the Dena preserved area is influenced by economic and cultural uses. The conservative value identified outside the protected area requires participatory conservation planning, too. Dual-value and three-valued area in the community use zone should be a priority in educational planning and financial supporting for sustainable use. Future programs in Dena district should be focused on such actions: Prevention from firing and cultivating in the forests, prevention from land use change, increasing irrigation efficiency, proper cultivation management, prevention from irregular harvesting medicinal and edible plants, and prevention from illegal hunting of wildlife. Applying the method of this research provides a common language for the dialogue between conservation and community uses. It also provides the ground of training, empowering and attracting the participation of local communities and learning from them.

Conservation planning needs to identify local community' perceptions about the distribution of uses. Required areas for supporting welfare of these communities within and around protected areas called community use zone. Given that Local communities value every place, it is possible to identify local values by combinatory and complementary methods. The concepts and methods of planning and managing protected areas and their surroundings have two main approaches: Area-oriented and process-oriented approach. The area-oriented approach is based on the science-based top-down land use planning experience and mapping with geographic tools has led to conflicts with Conservation which because of the ignorance of local communities. The most advanced method of this approach is the use of spatial information to make decision through ecosystem services mapping. The process-oriented approach includes soft social methods to create opportunities for dialogue, participation, adaptation and agreement, but its results do not lead to explicit spatial boundaries and regions, such as participatory rural appraisal and community-based conservation. Therefore, increasing the effectiveness of conservation planning requires the development of combinatory practices of the two approaches (area-oriented and process-oriented). In this regard, there are two confirmatory theories: The "Cartography, ethics & social theory" argues that the absence of social values in the content of the mapping has caused the mapping to be distanced from the democratic and human form of geographical knowledge. Also, "Cartographic semiosis" is a theory that knows map performance beyond description and representation and in communication and prescription form by deconstructing in the mapping and registering of place values. Such a map is a social product that finds institutional legitimacy by considering the perspectives of local communities. The aim of this study is to identify community use zone in Dena district and in the vicinity of the Dena protected area.

In this research, ethnography is applied by practices such as semi-open questionnaire, field observation and literature review which is then complemented by participatory mapping. Participants (some residents of settlements in Dena district) have been selected and collaborated voluntarily and by trying to balance the age, gender and population ratio of the settlements, during spring and summer of 1398 SH. Collecting data of local values (Subsistence, economic, cultural and conservative) is continued until the information saturation. Participants marked these hotspots of providing services on four basic maps. After digitizing the data, the spatial overlapping of these areas has been investigated.Community use zone is designated by counting the overlaps of subsistence, economic, and cultural values.

Parts of the Dena preserved area are affected by economic and cultural uses  which is especially noticeable around the Sisakht town. The conservative value identified outside the preserved area requires participatory conservation planning.  Local value overlapping shows the conservative local value depicted by the participants has no spatial overlap with other mapped values. Also, the largest overlap was between cultural and economic values and then subsistence and economic values. The overlap of economic and subsistence values was related to adjacency livelihood activities to income generating activities. Besides, the overlap of economic and cultural values is mostly related to the conventional livelihood of tourism revenue and the attractions of culturally valuable areas. The community use zone includes value areas which respectively have three types, two types or one type of three subsistence, economic and cultural values. The major distribution of this zone is close to and concentrated on the areas which have noticeable natural and human built features. In other words, the major surface of community use zone is at an altitude below 2500 meters and around rivers, roads and settlements. Dual-value and three-valued area in the community use zone should be given priority in educational planning and financial supporting in order to sustainable use. Future educational and participatory programs in Dena district should be focused on such actions:Prevention from firing and cultivating in the forests, prevention from land use change in gardens, increasing irrigation efficiency, proper cultivation management and waste control, prevention from irregular harvesting medicinal and edible plants, and prevention from trapping and illegal hunting of wildlife.

Applying the method of this research for other districts provides a common language for the dialogue between conservation and community uses. It also provides the training and empowering ground and attracting participation of local communities and learning from them. Such recognition can help reduce the scope of conflicts, increase compliance with conservation, strengthen the motivation for continued participation in conservation and finally make the resilience of land use allocation decisions between development and conservation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dimensions of experimental marketing including the physical environment and humanistic interactions on tourists’ perceived social value in recreational water sport complexes which was performed through descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of the study was included all of the tourists presenting in recreational water sport complexes of Mashhad, out of whom 405 were randomly selected as sample. Measuring instrument of the study was including Wallz's standard questionnaire (2009), whose reliability was confirmed by using Cranbach's alpha test with coefficient of 0.91. Research data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics tests, confirmatory factor analysis inferential statistics methods, structural equation and SPSS and LISREL softwares. The research results show that the physical environment dimension including: design and environmental architectural, maintenance, and physiological and environmental factors, and humanistic interactions dimension including: assurance and security, proper accountability, professionalism, and attention, effect on the perceived social value of the tourists. Using these results could improves customers satisfaction of recreational sport complexes by increasing quality and promoting standards in physical environment and humanistic interactions and leads to further urban tourism boom.