جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « urban network » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Analyzing the structure and morphological patterns of the urban network has a fundamental role in the understanding of the population distribution process and the communication and service patterns of the urban system in the regional area. Considering this importance, in this research, an attempt has been made to analyze the morphological structure of the urban network in Khuzestan province. Analytical indicators of the research are to identify the structure and morphological patterns of the distance of population nodes and the hierarchy of the communication network in the Khuzestan province. Net draw and Uci NET flow and network analysis software were used for data analysis. The results show that based on the distance index of population nodes in the province, the morphological pattern of the urban network is linear-circular, radial and network. Meanwhile, according to the intra-regional communication network index, the dominant pattern of the urban network is linear-circular, which forms a network pattern by increasing the functional range of the communication network. The results of the research show that the majority of the urban network in Khuzestan province is small and medium in size and in close distances they have a linear morphological pattern, and with the increase in the distance of geographical centers and the functional scope of the communication network due to the presence of several dominant cities such as Ahvaz and Dezful, A network pattern is formed around the axis of these cities in the morphology of the urban network of the province

Investigating the morphology of the urban network in a geographical space is done in the framework of achieving the goal of balancing the land use. As the center of concentration of population, capital, flow of goods, services, innovation, etc., cities play an important role in planning as an element of space balance in regional and national scales. The balanced organization of space is possible with the scientific understanding of urban network morphology because the organization of spatial forms is formed through urban communication at different spatial levels. The urban network of Khuzestan province has been formed on the basis of different environmental, economic and social diversity. The existence of various spaces has caused diversity in the function and role of cities (port, commercial, basic energy industry) of the province. In this regard, the dispersion of cities in the macro-geographical level along with the diversity in role and function has affected the urban morphology. In this research, by analyzing the morphological structure of the urban network of Khuzestan province based on the variables of the distance between the population nodes and the communication network, the relationship between the types of morphological patterns and the performance of the cities is discussed.

This research is practical and has been done with "descriptive-analytical" method. The data has been collected from library documents and data, providing at the provincial and national institutions. To draw and analyze the morphology of the Khuzestan urban network in two separate parts, the communication network index based on service-based relationships as well as the distance of population nodes (cities) in the spatial area of Khuzestan province has been used. To analyze the data and draw the morphology of the urban network of the province in two dimensions of the communication network and the distance of the nodes from three Gower functions; Closeness and Varimax have been used in UciNET and Net Draw software.

In the findings section, the morphological patterns of the urban network of the province were analyzed based on the distance of population nodes in three radii of 10, 30 and 50 km, based on which it was determined that the reason for the formation of the linear pattern is due to the small size of the cities. It is mostly seen in the central, western and southern parts of the province. In this pattern, the absence of dominant cities near small cities is influential, which is an important reason for the formation of a linear pattern in the near distance for the cities of Khuzestan province, which are mostly small in size. In the analysis of urban network morphology based on the distance between nodes, network and ring patterns have been formed when dominant cities such as Ahvaz and Dezful metropolises have played a role in the urban network structure and the morphological structure of the urban network of the province. In the formation of the linear-circular pattern, the main factor was the large distance between the cities of the province in the central, northern and southern and western-eastern parts.
In the analysis of urban network morphology based on intra-provincial communication network, three radii of 30, 50 and 80 km were considered and analyzed. In the analysis of urban network morphology based on intra-provincial communication network, three radii of 30, 50 and 80 km were considered and analyzed. Similar to the node distance index, in the communication hierarchy index, in close distances, most of the cities have found a linear pattern due to their small size, and their morphological ring is due to the existence of dominant cities such as Ahvaz, Dezful and Ramshir, which are nearby cities. To them, they obey them in communication interactions as communication nodes. As the distance increases, network polygons in all four corners of the province with dominant cities such as Ahvaz, Dezful, Abadan and Bandar Mahshahr and connecting cities such as Hamidiyeh, Shush, Shushtar, Andimshek and Suleiman Mosque and Behbahan form the morphology of the urban network of the province. They give a grid shape.

The results of this research using the mentioned two indices, i.e. the distance between population nodes and the intra-regional communication network pattern, showed that from the point of view of focal waste index or geographical nodes, based on the dominant patterns in the theoretical literature presented for urban network morphology, three dominant morphological patterns were obtained in the urban network of Khuzestan province, which were linear-circular, radial and network patterns. While from the point of view of the communication network pattern index, the dominant morphological pattern for the urban network of the province was linear-circular, which with increasing the functional radius of the communication network, a network pattern is formed in the morphology of the urban network of the province. Examining the existing approaches and the background of the research shows that the best model for evaluating successful urban morphology is a network model with strong and synergistic links of two-way and multi-way interactions between the urban network, and the weakest morphological models are linear and radial models or center around It is a sign of the hierarchy and centrality of the structure, communication and function of the cities of a region. In this regard, a finding of this research made it clear that multi-dimensional and multi-functional interaction is not dominant in the urban network of Khuzestan province, and strong nuclei such as Ahvaz and Dezful form a circular pattern to meet needs and demand, and a linear pattern is also the pattern that governs relations and The communication between the small cities of the province is in close and even medium distances, and this type of pattern itself shows the poverty of having a proper, complementary and decisive position for the cities of the province to take an interactive, service and communication role suitable for themselves and their sphere of influence. Considering the importance of studying the structure, function and morphological patterns of the urban network in regional development and its role in the analysis and development of approaches based on sustainable land use, the present study from a morphological point of view was able to, according to the available data, based on Indexes of node distance and communication network to analyze the urban network of Khuzestan province. In this regard, future studies can analyze the urban network of the province and the interactions and functions of the urban network by relying on more and more diverse indicators such as the role of physical structure and also the pattern of dominant activities in the regional area.

Cities are the most important man-made phenomena in the land that play a major role in the development or non-development of regions and areas. According to the statistics provided by the United Nations, more than 50% of people live in cities and the urban population growth rate is 4 times. The population is rural. Based on this, the study of cities is important because they are places where people and activities are loaded. Demographic changes in recent years in the country have caused the growth of the urban population to be uncoordinated at different times and the distribution of its growth in different cities of the country is uneven and the growth trend is increasing and fast. The growth of the country's urban population and the lack of attention to the urban network and the distribution of urban centers and centers in the territory on the one hand and the rapid growth of urbanization on the other hand have led to fragmentation and incoherence in the spatial structure of the country. Migration and the growing trend of urbanization and economic-social and political developments in recent decades of Tehran province have been the most important factors in creating an unbalanced pattern of the urban network. Nowadays, the population growth of cities along with their socio-economic issues is a new form of city and urbanism and It has created urbanism. Organizing and balancing the space is one of the key issues in the field of urban planning. Bigger cities exert their dominance over smaller cities by absorbing and concentrating more surplus. The continuation of these conditions causes the formation of imbalance in the spatial distribution of cities and the emergence of problems caused by congestion and congestion in cities and the evacuation of other places. This article aims to provide solutions for balancing by examining and analyzing the urban network in Tehran province. to present.

Therefore, the method used in this research is descriptive-analytical, using rank-size models, Lorenz curve and entropy coefficient, as well as for quantitative and qualitative analysis using Excel software to investigate and analyze the urban network of the province. Tehran has paid.

The results of the findings show that many industrial and service activities are concentrated in Tehran province, especially Tehran metropolis, due to its administrative, political, economic situation and the lack of spatial justice and land development policies in Iran. The amount of concentration in the country is higher in Tehran province and among the cities of Tehran province, in Tehran metropolis. The presence of concentration causes migration, and urbanization in Tehran province has gained wider dimensions with the spread of Tehran metropolis and the creation of Tehran metropolitan area. So that this province has medium, small and rural cities. While in 1355 it had only 6 small cities. Transformation in metropolitan areas is a product of decentralization, which can be called the movement of rupture. The basis of the formation of the metropolitan area is directly related to the level of communication technologies such as railway lines and highways. Because by facilitating travel to and from Tehran along its communication axes, they have been created in the form of a cluster with the center of Tehran metropolis. Therefore, the spatial structure of the urban network of Tehran province is based on the center-periphery development pattern, and the lack of proportional distribution of population and services at the level of the region has created an unbalanced network system and has created a kind of divergence and lack of integration in the region. Because none of the cities in the metropolitan region of Tehran, even the metropolitan city of Tehran, have a suitable position in the field of production competition at the national and especially international level. While this type of city accumulation and urbanization has brought many natural and human risks and is an obstacle to sustainable development. The increase in urban population in Tehran province originates from the scattered surface of Tehran metropolis, and the concentration of urban population in the western part of the province is more in accordance with the communication routes than in other directions. Although medium-sized cities have repaired the spatial discontinuity in the urban network of the province to some extent, according to the rank-size model, the distance between the metropolis of Tehran and other cities of the province is still very large and there is no balance in the urban network of the province. In addition, the urban population has settled not in a uniform manner but in a cluster around the metropolitan city of Tehran and in the next order of medium cities.

Recognizing the function and pattern of urban network activity in regional areas to identify potentials and assets correctly leads to effectively guiding spatial planning for achieving creative competitiveness and spatial balance at the regional level. The current research attempts to analyze the spatial pattern of activity accumulation and distribution in the urban network of Khuzestan province using a practical and developmental approach, along with a descriptive-analytical method. Activity and employment statistics of 78 urban points in the province, based on data from the Iranian Statistics Center and the regional survey plan of Khuzestan province, have been cited.The results from spatial autocorrelation analysis and the z-score function, as well as the Repilli k function, show that activities related to the agricultural sector have a cluster distribution pattern in the urban network of the province. On the other hand, the activities of the industry and service sectors in the province follow a scattered pattern. Spatial analysis of the activities in the urban network of the province indicates that due to the proximity of cities to each other and the close employment statistics in each of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors, the northern parts of the province and the southern part (specifically the ports of Imam and Bandar Mahshahr) show the most areas related to hot spots from an activity point of view. Meanwhile, the service function in the urban network of the province, despite having significant employees, exhibits the most cold spots and dispersion, especially in the central areas of the province.

Cities have become a regional phenomenon both physically and functionally in recent years. Thus, by the change of the ontological status of space, logic and meaning of place in a new context have been interpreted in the new context. Central Mazandaran has faced the challenges of functional segregation due to lack of integrated regional development strategies, lack of attention to competition or cooperation of centers and urban areas in the network. It seems that under the existing direction of spaces, the conducted researches will not be able to describe the integrity, function and structure of the urban network in the province. The study used descriptive-analytical method and network analysis tools to explore the components and indicators of spatial interaction analysis and to study the spatial pattern of central Mazandaran urban network by analyzing the origin-destination data for the year 2018. The results showed the formation of a multi- base centered system and even a balanced network in the region. Therefore, by evoluting the new pattern in the region, there is a need for change in approach of spatial planning based on the economic advantages of network. The relations among the bigger cities are not seen only competitive but they should be complementary with each other. Moreover, the results of social network analysis indicated that the morphology of the polycentric region of Central Mazandaran has a significant influence on the area as the form of the region is such that the adjacent cities follow the cluster pattern and have a network structure.

Today, the population of cities along with their socio-economic issues has created a new form of city and urbanization. Tehran province has seen the most changes in the city and urbanization due to the establishment of the capital, the metropolis of Tehran. The question is what are the consequences of urban demographic changes in Tehran province? Therefore, this study tries to investigate the consequences of demographic changes in Tehran province on its urban network during the years 1355-1395. The research method is descriptive and analytical and its type is inferential. The data were extracted by library method and analyzed using regional planning models such as city rank-size and prime city index, entropy and prime city coefficient, Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient. The results show that the increase in urban population in Tehran province is due to the dispersal of the metropolis of Tehran and the concentration of urban population in the western part of the province is higher than other aspects of communication. Although medium-sized cities have partially repaired the spatial rupture in the province's urban network, according to the rank-size model, the distance between the metropolis of Tehran and other cities in the province is still very large and there is no balance in the province's urban network. Meanwhile, the urban population is not uniformly but in a cluster around the metropolis of Tehran and in the next order of medium-sized cities.

In today's world, most urban planners and experts are trying to, employing appropriate strategies, resolve such problems as extreme centralization and regional disparities. Paying  attention to the development and strengthening of central cities and recognizing their capabilities and potential could solve many problems. Viewed hence, cognizant of the central cities capabilities and potential and formulating the corollary objectives and planning, this study is an attempt to  highlight the necessity of calling attention to these cities in order to regularize urban areas in question. As an applied, developmental study, the method is descriptive. Elaborating on  the role and importance of central cities in urban network, library and archival study is drawn on to investigate the current potential of and challenges to Shahriar Country as a middle city, and to outline, referring to expert view, its goals and ways to achieve them. To examine the subject in question, Meta- SWOT software program  is used. Examining the situation and identifying and designating the city capabilities and potential and its regional competitors as well, it was found that Shahriar of more proper distance than metropolises of Tehran and Alborz is the most important advantage of the city; appropriate communication infrastructures and affordable housing are also of the highest strategic fit. On the other hand, the parameters including improvement and coordination of higher order projects and an increase of private sector investment have the highest influence, and more proper distance than Tehran and Alborz and the business environment development in the county are of the highest degree of necessity.

The position of points in the network is one of the most important aspects of urbannetwork analysis. The capacity of urban nodes depends on their role in the urbannetwork. One can provide a unified policy framework for the urban network byrecognizing the points and relationships and how they interact with each other. Thisresearch seeks to determine 1)the role of points in the urban network; 2) the capacityof the urban network, and 3) the integration of the urban network. Methodologicallyspeaking This is applied research. Research data include intra-provincial and inter-provincial passenger flow. 43 selected urban and rural settlements of Ardebil provincehave been selected for the analysis. Indices of power of linkages, degree of centrality,network entropy and core-periphery analysis were performed in UCINET6 software.In this research, a new typology of nodes in the urban network is presented.Accordingly, nodes in the network play one of the five roles of central, articular,independent, isolated and other foci. Analyzes show that Ardebil, Khalkhal, MoshginShahr, Parsabad are the centers and Sarain, Grammy, Aslanduz, and Bale are the articular nodes of the urban network. It was also found that the high number of isolatedfoci (22 foci) in the network is one of the major threats of Ardebil urban network.Finally, suggestions have been made to realize the integrated urban network andincrease network capacity.

Towns and their location in the planning of developing countries are part of urban development strategies. Global experiences in this area represent the fact that solving the problems of major cities requires serious support from small urban centers. The purpose of this analytical study is to determine the status of towns in the urban hierarchy system of Kermanshah province. The method used in this study is descriptive-analytic. To analyze the data, the rank-size model and its adjusted type as well as logarithmic Rank Model – Size were used. First, Urban Primacy Index and four urban indices were used. The results obtained from urban hierarchy analysis in Kermanshah province during several census periods have been analyzed and the analysis indicated the  lack of balance  in this province. The results of the study show that the city of Sarpole Zahab was a small town. During several periods from 1375 to 1395 it was considered as an average city. The results of the hierarchical survey of small towns show that cities with a smaller population have lower population stability and lower growth rates rather than the upstream cities. The causes of this instability can be the lack of resource allocation and adequate state budget institutions, inequality in the distribution of income and assets, lack of health facilities and so on. In the case of the strengthening of such cities, on the one hand, it is possible to prevent large migrations to major cities, and on the other hand, the development of these cities can help develop rural areas and create a balance in the region.

Statement of Problem: It has grown and is currently in progress. These areas have special services and service capabilities that you can grapple with using different programs and urban mosques. Among other things shown in these countries, the middle, number and rural boundaries of education are lagging behind. The purpose of the research is to achieve adjustments, improve spatial equilibrium, and optimize space distribution, activity, and collection at the regional level. Teaching This is a descriptive-analytical method. In this study, in order to change the distribution of urban settlements, the Wi-Fi system maintains the security of the cities and manages the city of Ilam on peripheral landscapes using other models (TOPSIS ....) using Excel and GIS software. Be able to get it caught. Access to reputable sites: Ilam city-based authentication is especially feasible. It is important to have a place to live and have an important housing restriction, you can give it a go and you can ask them to give you more opportunity so they can give you more opportunity so they can give you more opportunity. To give you more opportunity. The Rafah Provincial Space plays host to the services of kidney services in the shadow of the south and north and northeast divisions of the province to divide into the provinces of Khuzestan, Lorestan and Kermanshah. Counseling services in the urban system of the province have been stabilized by showing signs of surface fluctuations.

Hierarchical status and impact of small towns in the urban network may result in a balanced distribution of population and preventing its concentrating. Small towns provide various opportunities for economic and social development in the area which consequently reduces the migration and change the destination of the migrants from larger urban centers. Also, these cities play a role of the central market for rural hinterlands, while providing services for the rural area, they are considered as an important stimulus in promoting economic growth of the surrounding rural areas. The aim of this article is to study the performance of small towns in spatial development of East Azarbaijan Province. The research method is descriptive and analytical and quantitative models have been used to study the role of small towns. Population models show that small towns of the province have capacities for population elasticity. Also, economic models suggest that in most towns, service sector is the high proportion of the total labor. In small towns of the province the industry sector has experienced growth in the number of labor in 1375-85 periods.

The existence of a regular urban hierarchy results in the distribution of goods and services to the entire community and as a result a balanced distribution of facilities and services to all parts of a region. The urban network is not just a collection of physical elements, and the role and importance of each settlement is determined by the extent and dimensions of communication and flow. They set up an open system. Larger cities, with more concentration, dominate smaller cities. This research is purpose-oriented and applied in terms of nature and its method is descriptive-analytical. In this study, the studied indicators were collected in two stages through the extraction from available sources; research plans, statistics, books and experts’ opinions, and finally, rank and size models, moderate size rating, Lorenz curve, and Khuzestan urban network status were used. The results showed that the study of the urban dynamics of Khuzestan province during the years1335-1383 based on the modified Zipoff-size model indicated the imbalance in the urban system and the high concentration of population in the cities above the urban hierarchy system, especially the first city of the province was observed. Based on the Zipf-size-moderated model, there is no reasonable relationship between cities and their rank. The city has maintained its focus on other cities by concentrating its facilities and services at different levels.

Balancing the Spatial structure and determining the future urban network are the fundamental missions of spatial planning. As the main organizing elements of space, cities are organized within the urban network form. Urban network is assessed based on the agreement between form and function dimensions. The effectiveness of various models can be investigated through an analysis of their relationships. Accordingly, the study at hand has been carried out to analyze the urban morphology in order to accord the morphological and functional dimensions of Hormozgan province urban network. The study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. The analytic indices of the study for Hormozgan province urban network morphology include road network, the distance between settlements, urban population, and types of services. The analytic instrument for the attainment of the purpose of the study is the Inward Distance Weighted (IDW) model within ARC GIS 10-4 software. The obtained results show that Hormozgan province urban network morphology follows four patterns, namely mono-centric, polycentric, linear and isolated. The location of these patterns in the province indicates the relationship between the location and the network morphology. As the large cities of the province are located near the sea, the mono-centric and polycentric patterns have been formed under the influence of the sea factor. However, the isolated and linear patterns are located in both the islands of the province and the mountainous areas or intermountain plateaus. Ultimately, the study shows that the lack of agreement between the form and the function weakens the connection and interaction of the interconnected areas. This lack of agreement reduces the fulfillment of the urban network’s use of neighboring opportunities and decreases the network effectiveness.

The existence of a regular urban hierarchy results in the distribution of goods and services to the entire community and the balanced distribution of facilities and services to all parts of a region. The urban network is not just a collection of physical elements, and the role and importance of each settlement is the extent and dimensions of communication and flow. They set up an open system. Greater cities, with more concentration and concentration, apply their domination to smaller cities. This research is purpose-oriented, applied in terms of nature and method of descriptive-analytical type. In this research, the survey indicators were collected in two stages through a study of extracted from available sources; research plans, statistics, books and expert opinions, and finally, using the Lorenz curve models, the Gini coefficient , Entropy coefficient and coefficient of elasticity of the city of Khuzestan. The results showed that the study of the urban dynasty of Khuzestan province during 1335-1383 based on the models showed the imbalance in the urban system and the concentration of population in the cities above the urban hierarchy system, and especially the first city of the province. Based on the model, there is no reasonable relationship between cities and their rank. The city has maintained its focus on other cities by concentrating its facilities and services at different levels. Also, according to the calculations, the cities of Ahvaz, Dezful, Abadan and Mahshahr, Ramhormoz, Andimeshk, Khorramshahr, Izeh, Shushtar and Behbahan are the population potential And the cities of Bidabad, Bali, Yazdno and Abadan have a much lower population density. Based on the results of calculations of the relative entropy of the population of the Stoa cities of Khuzestan, it is indicative of a movement towards increasing concentration of population and imbalance.

One of the important strategies that have been taken into consideration in the last half century to counter regional imbalances caused by the growing growth of large cities are small towns, which, due to the availability of some facilities and services, are one of the important centers for developmental balance The research is descriptive-analytic, and its purpose is to investigate the role of small cities (25-100 thousand) in sustainable regional development in Alborz province. In order to achieve the position of small towns in the urban system, rank-size models, entropy and balance sheets have been used, and then their role in regional development balance has been evaluated. The results show that the entropy coefficient without considering small cities is also a continuation imbalance Will have. In the logarithmic model, the rank of size, with the inclusion of small towns, slipped to -1.99, and with no small cities down to -21.1, which indicates the undeniable role of small cities in the urban system and the results of the balance sheet model The changes in components are mainly in-class and due to the growth of cities, and only in 2006, due to the transformation of villages into the city of Shahdad, we have been affected by changes in new cities.

Relationships between urban network cities are shaped by demographic trends and the factors affecting it.This research,using two concepts of occupation distribution and urban network,seeks to study the effective factors in the occurrence and intensification of inequalities in the Isfahan city network.In the same way, the changes and transformation of the Isfahan network(including 37 city of Isfahan approved City-Region Plan)is considered by employment indicators as well as distance between cities,using network mapping in social network analysis software(Gephi)in three periods of time:1996,2006,2016.The research method has been applied in terms of purpose,application and information gathering method through library studies and review of documented documents.The data analysis method is also quantitative,so that for the purpose of employment at any time,a separate network is mapped and analyzed.The results indicate that in the Isfahan city network at the time of research,demographic changes in populated cities and low population centers do not directly correlate with the shift of employment in the urban network,while there is a direct relationship between cities with a moderate population and the flow of employment.In addition,the metropolis of Isfahan,with a significant percentage of facilities,resources,financial flows, political power and population flows,is not well positioned to rank urban network cities in terms of employment flows.

Aims Affected by natural and human phenomena, the spatial order forms the urban network. In a balanced urban system, due to hierarchical functions and activities in different cities, and fair provision of services to the existing population, there are hierarchical links between cities. The aim of this study was to investigate the urban network based on functional analysis and factors affecting the urban network deformation in Khorasan Razavi province. Instruments & Methods Using survey research method, the present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2015 among 118 experts of the provincial government, Road and Urban Development Office of Khorasan Razavi province, Governorate, Municipalities, University Jihad of Ferdowsi University, Geography professors of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, and mayors of Khorasan Razavi province; In this study, convenience sampling method was used. The research tool was researcher made questionnaire. Factors affecting spatial imbalance were evaluated through structural equation modeling and confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, using SPSS 22 and Lisrel 8.52 software. Findings Economic, infrastructural, and political factors had the greatest effect on spatial imbalance with factor loading of 0.77, 0.75, and 0.75, respectively. Conclusion Mashhad is at the highest and Bajgiran is at the lowest level in terms of development factors. Among the factors influencing the spatial imbalance, the changes in the country’s division in the provincal level (change village to city), centralized system governance, the lack of attention to the role of the middle cities in division of labor (political factors), the focus of activities in metropolises, disproportionate allocation of credits at the provincial level, the focus of roles in Mashhad (economic factors), and the focus of superior educational and health-care services (infrastructural factors) have a more effective role.

The sharp rise in urban population of the world, especially in developing countries in recent decades, caused prime city in them. Iran, as one of the developing countries, in recent decades, particularly from 1345 onwards, has balanced out of the trend. The aim of this paper is to analyze the situation and the pattern of urban systems in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, during the years 1335 to 1390. The research methodology is analytical, library and documentary method of data collection.. Models used in this study include: the first indicator of a city, city index, the index of a fourcity, four-city index Mehta, MoMA and Alvesaby index, the Herfindahl concentration index, dispersion index and Henderson Entropy Coefficient. In order to do data analysis, EXCEL software; & to map the study area ARC GIS9.3 software is used. The findings of this study manifest that in the temporal period of the studied population settlement in urban centers are not balanced and are of homogeneous distribution. In the cities of Yasuj, Gachsaran and Dehdasht, the urban systems were almost stable, and the other cities of the province are far beyond these cities, in the matter of population. The prime city of Yasuj has overtaken the rest of the cities over time, and urban network is heading toward instability.

Followed by rapid urbanization and an imbalance in Iran's urban network, Zanjan province faced with the problem of imbalance during the 1355 to 1392 in its urban network. Zanjan province, faced with the "urban primacy" issue in its urban network. The aim of this study is to analyze changes in the province's urban network and measure the balance of in urban network. The research method is descriptive - analytical and data gathering tool is documentation. The present study sought to answer these two questions: What status does Zanjan Province have? Is the Zanjan province, urban network moving toward the balance? Models, such as the urban primacy model, the four city index model, the rank – size model, Behforuz modified model, entropy model, coefficient index, logarithm analysis and distance of separation point method have been used. Results are as follows: 1) Zanjan province is facing with urban primacy in its urban network 2) Becoming the villages to the city area, has led to an imbalance in the urban network. The results show that before 1385. This imbalance has gradually been declining since 1392 and now, urban network has moved toward equilibrium. In the end, some suggestions are provided.

During the last 15 years, extensive theoretical and conceptual literature in the domain of polycentrism and polycentric has been created. In this study, we tried to present an index for evaluating the amount of polycentrism of functional area by considering two simultaneous dimensions whether functional or morphological. This index discusses about the potential and achievement capacity to a balanced polycentric structure in an urban system. In the present study, relational methods and particularly social network analysis applied. Functions which should be reviewed are as follows: People’s circumstances, commodity, fund and information. Results show that, the “PGF” index of people and goods’ flows are 0.099. Furthermore, the “PSF” index of capital and information’ flows are about 0.12 and 0.15 and the degree of “P¯¯GF ” index hit the score of 0.117. Comparing to the maximum reachable and reality level of the number which is 0.25 in Randstad, it seems to meet a partially good degree of polycentricity. Finally, the magnitude of calculated index shows that the polycentrism structure of Mazandaran province share a highly significant performance and it has the potential to increase the performance of network to a complete balance structure with maximum efficiency. Also, maximum interval time for considering a point in the urban network is 150 minutes. This interval time is a prerequisite for making a point in the urban network. Therefore, those cities which have more interval time than 150 minutes, they cannot have efficient interactions to the structure of urban network.

In changes made in urban networks relying on new theories, the made researches cannot describe any more the structure and function of urban networks of state completely, but the need of using integrated and interactive approach based on networks felt for assessing the situation of this system. Increasing the number of metropolises, is an expression of extraordinary concentration of population in certain regions of developing countries and these changes are dependent on a new logic of development-the logic in which the new image of regions is primarily a mix of links and nodes ,and has the more emphasis on integrated look to centers and regions. Each center in urban network has different situation, status, and character according to degree, type, composition, and opportunity in relation to others. In this study, we will try to consider both physical and interactive approach simultaneously, and study about different views of urban network aim to draw out different spatial representations of under-changing urban network of Tehran metropolitan region based on three views of node, density, and accessibility. In this regard, we will study about how is changing process of functional and morphological systems of urban network of Tehran metropolitan region, and the relationship between them in three time periods.
Theoretical bases: Essentially, the morphological approach shows size and distribution of urban centers of country, and considers the more balanced distribution as equal with network model and multi-centralization. The morphological approach focuses mainly on the fact that the centers should be, physically separated from each other through open spaces distinctly. At the same time, the distances should be such that allow region to be considered as a regional identity through interaction and the lease proximity. From morphological point of view, the centers should not be superior to each other in terms of importance; therefore, chronological ranking between cities is normally evaluated according to population of them. Functional (communicational) dimension imply functional links between residences which consider mutual and multi -lateral communication as equal with more functional network model. From functional point of view, centrality and centralism should not be formed in interactions between urban centers of region.
Therefore, chronological ranking of cities is measured with relation scale, which often done in the stream of people, goods, or information using network analysis. Functional look with inclusion of morphological dimension insists on interaction in distribution of functional relation. Such a balance show equality of distribution of internal flows of a system which is not driven to one center, but it is bilateral and crossover. Recently, main contribution of functional approach adds another dimension which is network congestion. The rate of network congestion shows the extent of centers dependency in one center functionally, and could be conceptualizes as the ratio of actual relations between centers to sum of their potential relation.
functional analysis: The outlines degree of urban system has been measured based on network analysis, and ranking point of outline has been achieved using measured value. Studies indicate that Tehran city ranked first outline in 2001 and play athlete role in the region, while the cities of next rank deployed Western and Southern parts of under-study region which shows the dominant situation of metropolis of Tehran, and its dominant relation with Western part of region.The results of analysis during 2006 shows that the degree of existing urban network outline has been changed compared to previous period and the differences of outlines degree decreased , and intensity of concentration of urban network has been reduce totally. Nonetheless, during this period to urban points of Tehran and Karaj are still known as dominant points in region. It can be said in spite that the activity system of region is developing between urban points, total collection has been more dependent on Tehran. Surveying the results of urban network analysis in metropolis region of Tehran on 2011, shows that urban network communication in Eastern part of limited region could have better function in relation to previous periods and increase its functional role in urban structure. However, strong communication between Central and Western regions has standard function.The functional ranking of cities in metropolitan region of Tehran has been changed in each period compared to previous period and the differences between points has been reduced with regard to outline power, while three top cities is still fixed. There are meaningful differences between two top cities, that is Tehran and Karaj, compared to other points. However, changes of outline power between other cities indicates changes made in network and also strength of achieving urban points of the region. morphological analysis: Surveying the morphological pattern of urban system of metropolitan region of Tehran in 2001 is expression of a relatively linear structure drawn from West to Center part and extended from Center to East and South parts of collection. According to analyses stated, the centrality of this structure is Tehran, Where all main communication leads to. Changes of pattern of urban system during 2006 have been emerged in the form of previous period development. In fact the structure of pattern of this period is the same as previous period structure which has been developed in Eastern, South, and Western parts. Of course this development is in the form of creation the chronological relationship from small centers of marginal zone of metropolitan region of Tehran to urban adjacent points. The Eastern parts of the limited region have been more than other parts in development of urban system. Surveying the pattern of urban system of metropolitan region of Tehran in 2011 shows that the urban system of the region has been undergone changes compared to previous period ,and the old pattern is developing to Star Pattern such that Tehran city direct all the relations of region toward itself as center of this pattern as well as the prominence of ridge of Star pattern toward the West indicates more importance and influence of this part of region in forming the pattern of urban system of region. Adaptive analysis of urban network function on morphology: In surveying and local analyzing of the extent of conformity of functional analysis with urban network pattern, it can be seen that in 2001, there is much conformity between these two indices in central and south parts. However, the western parts of the region has also compliance to a large extent, while the eastern parts of region has not much local correlation between these two indices. local analyze of the situation of functional system and pattern of urban network in metropolitan region of Tehran in 2006 shows that functional field and the role of urban point in analyzing the functional system in this period has been increased compared to previous period and the network congestion in region has been provided more expand surface in this period. From this, it can be concluded that the urban relationship has been increased during this period, and the system of urban network has been led to a greater integration. On the other hand, surveying the pattern of urban network during this period shows that the urban points developing the pattern of urban network have been increased and the indices of pattern of urban network have been developed. With regard to relative local conformity of these tow analyze, it can be said that the results of these two analyze during this period have more local dependency compared to previous period. In local surveying of the situation of functional system and the pattern of urban network of metropolitan region of Tehran in 2011 it can be seen that there is relative conformity between these two variables with regard to local situation. However, The central and medial parts of metropolitan region has more network congestion which indicates the functional role of this region in metropolitan region, whereas the pattern of urban network un this period also insists on medial part; such that the metropolis of Tehran, as the center of Star pattern, has important role and station in the pattern of urban network. On the other hand, developed indices of the manes of star pattern govern on the urban network of are also located in relation with streams arising from network analysis , such that it can be said the functional system governing the region is in compliance with pattern of urban network. Of course it is worth noting that the degree of conformity in western regions is more than eastern one in terms of location. Examining the regression relationship indicates that there is a relative relation between regional functional system and the pattern of urban network of metropolitan region of Tehran during 2001 and 2006. This indicates he relative dependency of these two indices. In fact it can be said that, this dependency in medial parts is more than other parts according to local analysis, because marginal parts of pattern of urban network has little relationship with medial parts according to network analysis and this reduces the dependency coefficient, Such that the farther urban points has more relationship with urban points around itself than metropolis of Tehran (as the central of Tehran metropolitan region). Surveying the regression relationship during the period of 2011 shows that this coefficient has been decreased compared to last period; however, this amount which is equal to 0.635 has been more than first period (2001). This means that a casual relation can be visualized between these two variables in under-examine region totally; because, the regression coefficient higher than 0.6 indicates the casual relation between tow variables. It can be said that the functional system and the pattern of urban network in Tehran metropolitan region is fit and connected together in the course of this developed period. This means that the morphological characteristic of urban network of metropolitan region of Tehran in this period has been shaped based on functional characteristics and vice versa.
The results and surveys showed that, during the examined periods, the changes process of functional system of urban network of metropolitan region of Tehran tends from functional concentration in a dominant point to network and functional distribution pattern. Aslo, the morphological pattern of network of metropolitan region of Tehran during the examined periods is developing with cluster patterns through providing relationship in new urban points, and finally the existence of meaningful relationship between functional system and morphological system of network of metropolitan region of Tehran proved.
Suggestions: It is suggested that the relationship between fashion pattern of urban network and activity system and spatial pattern be noted in regional programming ,such as region logistics which surveys and studies about the metropolitan region of Tehran. On the other hand, with regard to this relationship in the region, another suggestion is developing regional balance in terms of urban network using residence system and activity system. Such that the regional balances in different fields based on this relation can be regulated and programmed for the region according to this relation. This research could explain the relationship between two main components of urban network of metropolitan region, but in order to assess the raised relationship, indices and other factors have been considered isolated which can be considered as new issues to achieve even more precise results in future researches.