جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "co2 emissions" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

The purpose of this study is to investigate the multi-period optimization model of capacity expansion planning in the electricity industry considering different scenarios of carbon dioxide emissions. In this study, using interperiod dynamic linear programming model, the capacity development of power plants has been designed and modeled in GAMS software.
The objective function of the model has been to minimize the total discounted present value of investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, fuel cost and environmental cost in a 30-year horizon and with the constraints of supply and demand balance, power system security operation, the upper boundary of newly installed capacity, resource potential and grid stability. The proposed model was evaluated in different scenarios and sensitivity analysis.
The results of the study showed that in the basic scenario without environmental considerations (reduction of production costs), only the capacity of fossil power plants should be expanded. Meanwhile, in the basic scenario with environmental considerations, the capacity of combined cycle, solar, atomic and wind power plants have been expanded by reducing production costs and environmental costs. Considering the environmental considerations, the generation share of steam and gas power plants in the planning horizon has decreased from 27.7 and 22.7 percent to 9.5 and 4 percent compared to the base year, but the generation share of combined cycle, nuclear, solar and wind power plants have increased from 41.8, 2.3, 0.1 and 0.1 percent to 72.7, 6.5, 2 and 2.3 percent. The investment cost (capacity expansion) of the basic scenario with environmental considerations compared to the basic scenario without environmental considerations will reach 183 billion dollars in the planning horizon with an increase of 60%, and the basic scenario with environmental considerations significantly increases the development costs. Also, in the scenario of the continuation of sanctions, when the maximum annual capacity of renewable power plants decreases, the environmental goals will not be met, and there is a need to invest in expanding the production capacity through fossil power plants. In the sensitivity analysis of the model, the results indicate that there is a need to invest in expanding the capacity of renewable power plants in the three cases of reducing the investment cost, increasing the carbon price, and fuel price.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of information and communication technology on the quality of the environment in major Asian Emitters. This survey is conducted in the period of 2000-2020 in the form of a panel model with the FGLS method for two groups of developing and developed countries. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to construct ICT and good governance (GG) index. The variables of ICT index are mobile, internet and fixed telephone subscriptions and the variables of GG index are control of corruption, freedom of expression and political stability. Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is confirmed in both groups of countries. In both groups of countries, energy consumption and trade openness leads to a decrease and good governance leads to an increase in the quality of the environment. ICT significantly reduces the quality of the environment in developing countries. In developed countries, ICT does not have a significant effect on the quality of the environment (positive and meaningless), while access to the Internet significantly improves the quality of the environment. It is expected that the carbon-increasing effects of ICT development, such as direct and rebound effects, will be larger in total in developing countries than the carbon-reducing effect of ICT, such as substitution effect. Considering the impact of ICT on economic growth and development, it is recommended to use renewable energy and optimize energy consumption in developing countries. Also, stimulating and activating the substitution effect will help to improve the quality of the environment .

Environmental issues which are mainly caused by the emission of greenhouse gases have been the leading debates in our contemporary era in developed and developing economies due to environmental degradation. Energy consumption is the most direct source of carbon emission and the progress of energy technology can directly affect carbon dioxide emission. In other words, the advancement of technology can reduce the consumption of energy and consequently reduces the emission of CO2 . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of technological progress on the reduction of CO2 emission in the period of 2000-2020 for selected countries of the Shanghai Treaty members by using the panel model and the generalized method of moments. The results of this research and the coefficients of the examined variables indicated a negative and significant effect of R&D and human capital variables on CO2 emission. for industry variables, trade openness and primary energy consumption variables showed a positive and significant effect on CO2 emission. Also, the effect of population growth rate and real economic growth rate variables on CO2 emission has not been significant.

Energy as one of the factors of production along with labor and capital has an important role in development and social welfare. Due to the pollution of non-renewable resources and its negative impact on welfare, the use of renewable resources can improve social welfare by eliminating pollutants. In this study, the effect of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on social welfare of developing Asian countries in the period 2007-2018 has been investigated using the quantile panel approach. Findings show that the consumption of renewable and non-renewable energy increases welfare and has a positive and significant effect on welfare, although the impact factor of renewable energy consumption is much larger than the impact factor of non-renewable energy consumption. So that the impact factor of renewable energy consumption in the initial deciles is higher than the final deciles. Also, the effect of other variables such as environmental performance index, employment rate, gross capital formation on welfare is positive and significant and the effect of CO2 pollution on welfare is negative and significant.

This study examines the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy, economic growth, governance quality, and CO2 emissions as an indicator of environmental quality in Asian developed and developing countries during 1996-2019. The short-run panel causality test results reveal unidirectional causality from GDP to non-renewable energy and validate the conservation hypothesis in all two panels. Moreover, there is evidence of a short-run unidirectional causality from GDP to CO2 emissions and governance quality. The results of panel DOLS indicate a positive impact of GDP and non-renewable energy on CO2 emissions. Also, we find that an increase in renewable energy and improving the quality of governance lead to reductions in CO2 emissions. According to these results, we can suggest replacing non-renewable energy resources with renewable energy resources through restrictive policies for non-renewable energy and incentive policies for renewable energy. Furthermore, planning and goal setting in terms of governance indicators and moving towards good governance by all government, institutions, and private sectors can lead to moving towards sustainable development.

The need to achieve higher economic growth and development without increasing emissions and the resulting risks to the environment has led to the use of renewable energy in recent years in most countries around the world.the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of renewable energies on sustainable development of OPEC member states. accordingly, using the data panel method in the years 1990 - 2019 and based on the generalized squares pattern (GLS), the relationship between the research variables has been investigated. The results show that in the studied countries, there is no significant relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth and also between this energy consumption and CO2 emissions, but non-renewable energy consumption has a positive and significant relationship with economic growth and CO2 emissions. The small share of renewable energy and the large share of non-renewable energy in the energy. This is due to the small share of renewable energy and the large share of non-renewable energy in the energy consumption basket of these countries.

Today, one of the most important challenges facing the global economy is environmental pollution and climate changes. Improving knowledge and technology can be one of the factors controlling the emission of pollutants. One of the newest indicators that reflects the level of knowledge and technology used in the country's production structure is the economic complexity index. In this study, using data from 99 countries in the period of 1992-2017, the impact of economic complexity as a measure of the level of technology, knowledge and skills of an economy, on environmental pollution in the framework of Kuznets' environmental curve hypothesis has been investigated. Environmental pollution is measured by the carbon dioxide emission. A panel data model with Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) has been used to estimate the relationship between variables. The results of this estimation show that economic complexity has a negative and significant effect on environmental pollution, and also the Kuznets' environmental curve has been empirically confirmed. These results indicate that by improving technology, knowledge and skills in the economy, carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced.