جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ارزش » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

Today, the role of start-ups in the economic development of societies is such that it has a significant share of planning and studies at various levels, including policy and business management models. Startups have to overcome many obstacles as they grow and mature, and non-dynamic and non-innovative groups rarely escape these developments. Therefore, in order for start-ups to be able to survive in a dynamic business environment, they need to have key marketing capabilities in a pattern that fits their life cycle, Accordingly, this research is defined with the aim of identifying marketing capabilities in start-up companies. In this regard, from a methodological point of view, it is an exploratory research that is applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of variables, and was conducted in a cross-sectional time horizon and with an inductive approach in a real and non-laboratory environment. Also, the geographical area of those start-up businesses located in Science and Technology Park, whose data was collected in the second half of 2019 and the first half of 2010. This research has been implemented in three main stages. In the first stage, the marketing capabilities have been identified and extracted using the literature review and previous studies. The method used in this step is systematic review. The reason for choosing this method is the accuracy and completeness of the scientific use of the main researches to minimize mistakes and random errors, and to identify the largest possible number of related studies on this issue. At this stage, the statistical population has all available valid articles and books of the last 20 years, and the validity of the used researches has been evaluated using the Kasp method. At the completion of this stage, using in-depth interviews, the list of marketing capabilities of Nova businesses has been completed. In the second step, the importance of marketing capabilities in the life cycle of start-up businesses was determined using a field survey and using a researcher-made questionnaire. At this stage, the statistical population has been the co-founders of startups based in the Fars Science and Technology Park Growth Center, and the participants were determined based on the list received from the Growth Center, based on access. The statistical population at this stage has been 242 active startups in this center, based on Cochran's relationship and with an error rate of 10%, the sample size of 69 cases was determined, and 56 questionnaires were completed based on accessibility and willingness to cooperate. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by formal method and based on the opinion of two academic experts and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.726).In the following, the average of the collected data was compared using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, and based on the significance of the average difference, the important capabilities at each stage of the life cycle of start-up businesses were determined and the final model was presented. Based on the findings, 56 features were identified and grouped into 13 categories. Names of groups: communication capital management, product management, marketing systems and resources, operational capability, distribution, marketing research, marketing human resources management, brand management, customer management, promotion and advertising, diversification of marketing methods, sales management, digital marketing. As a management recommendation, startups can use this model as a scientific tool for decision-making and problem-solving of the marketing capabilities of their businesses. In addition, the use of this model can help start-up companies in a dynamic business environment, by recognizing important marketing capabilities at different stages, strengthen these capabilities and add to their previous capabilities. Also, scientifically, this model has led to the expansion of the scientific scope of innovation of business models and can be a basis for research related to the management of start-up businesses.

IntroductionThe fields of economic development based on digital economy are increasing in countries, through the use of Information and Communication technology and through the creation of knowledge-based companies. Knowledge-based companies in order to increase knowledge and wealth, economic development based on knowledge and the realization of scientific and economic goals in line with the expansion of invention and innovation and finally the commercialization of research and development results have been formed in the field of superior technologies with added value. Based on the digital economy, it is widely influential, therefore, examining the value roles of these companies is of particular importance. New concepts have been proposed in the economy with the title of "smart economy" and among the necessities of the new economy is a structural change from an industrial economy to an economy in which data, information, non-physical assets, services, communications and networks are among the characteristics. They are Words have been proposed for this new economy, such as: "knowledge-based economy", "borderless economy", "weightless economy" and "network economy". The smart economy is basically based on information, communication and innovation, and in which the combination of network technologies and new business models create completely new markets, industries, businesses and work processes that shape this economy. Smart economy emphasizes on results and achievements (life and business) and its result is evolution and fruitfulness in the field of economy and digital technology and it emphasizes more on information and communication technology as an industry and infrastructure of information and communication technology. The main features of the digital economy are based on knowledge and the use of information and communication technology (ICT)MethodologyThis research intends to specifically answer this question: "What factors and components play a role in the formation of value co-creation in knowledge-based companies in ICT region?" In order to establish the model of value co-creation in the companies under study, and in this way, fill the stated research gap and while presenting the model of co-creation in this field, expand the realm of value co-creation literature and the results of this study helps to create comprehensiveness and develop knowledge from a theoretical perspective. In order to achieve the goal of the research, more than 230 researches and studies were extracted from the qualitative method (using a systematic literature review) and among them 64 articles and studies were analyzed in depth.Results and DiscussionIn this research, the identification of factors affecting value co-creation in knowledge-based companies in the field of Information and Communication technology (ICT). In the general classification, all these factors can be divided into five main categories, stakeholders and actors of the ecosystem of knowledge-based companies, main factors affecting value co-creation, background factors affecting value co-creation, and factors interfering in co-creation. Due to the fact that the process and what are the effective factors and components in value co-creation are not clear and its achievements and results are not presented in a consistent format and framework, it is indicative of its serious lack in the discussion of value co-creation literature and there is a research gap that focuses on the formation of value. It is obvious that it should be paid for all the stakeholders in the knowledge-based companies of the ICT field, therefore, the researcher was encouraged to do so by presenting the value co-creation framework and by considering all the elements and components of the value co-creation between the organizational stakeholders, by creating study fields, observation gaps and cover the gap between existing studies. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to provide a framework for Value co-creation, to create and develop strategic capabilities in knowledge-based companies in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) in the relevant business ecosystem, so that they can use their organizational assets to Valuable resources and capabilities, in order to present to the market and customers, and cause the survival and development of companies.ConclusionValue Co-creation as one of the basic theories in the scope of strategic management and innovation management, therefore, the main goal of this research is to identify the effective factors and provide a framework for Value co-creation (joint creation of value), for the creation and development of strategic capabilities in knowledge-based companies. It is in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) and it is trying to help the survival and development of organizations by identifying the main stakeholders and actors of the business ecosystem in this field and by creating a value network. The value and results and consequences of co-creation of value, which each of them includes the number of these 5 categories, 17 subcategories and 72 codes and in fact, they represent the factors that play a role in the formation of value co-creation in knowledge-based companies in the field of ICT, and their multiplicity indicates that it is not enough to just consider a few general factors (like many articles that had such a view). It can be indicative of the formation of value co-creation in the field of study, because we are dealing with a mysterious phenomenon affected by various factors. In addition, the dimensions of this time complication become more apparent when we know that there are effects and influences between these factors that lead and lag behind each other.

Money is not gold. But it plays the role of gold well (store of value). With this approach, economic actors face two types of money (assets and debts) in the exchange process.1- The first type of money: property: is caused by the operation of economic factors in the process of the market system. As a result, money acts as an asset, because the ownership of this type of money is private. 2- The second type of money: debt (credit): This money is obtained from the public source in the form of a loan contract. As a result, it acts as a debt. Because ownership of this type of money is public. As a result, with this approach, the central bank's gold and currencies give way to the public source of money. In other words, the support of money in economics is a debt to the public source of money. Of course, the public source of money, in addition to being the support of money in economics, also has the following roles:1- Means of storing value over time (preservation of value) 2- Optimum rule of automatic monetary policy 3- Means of money ownership rights over time 4- Obtaining monetary unit from the formation of a public source of money 5- Obtaining a suitable currency regime for all countries in International trade: common currency among all countries

In recent years, a large number of researchers seek to understand the real motives of policymakers in response to economic development. Their evidence is that monetary policy follows a systematic process that is guided through the preferences of monetary authorities in order to achieve certain goals. The purpose of this study is to determine the stable state of the optimal monetary policy rule, using the method Optimal control for all generations. To achieve this, measuring money in optimal control theory is very important and vital. The exact output of this measurement is the removal of inflation from the economy for all generations. Money measurement in economics is fundamentally different from other measurements, such as production, employment, consumption, etc. It is that money is a warehouse variable. A storage variable does not have a time dimension. While the flow variable has a time dimension. In other words, the concept of running must be defined at every moment of time. If the warehouse variable, it must be measured at a moment in time. In other words, it is measured for a moment of time, for all times. The fundamental difference between storage and delivery is in the measurement unit. The unit of measurement is defined over time (unit in time). The warehouse measurement unit is empty of time. As a result, it is not defined for growth or derivative storage variables. In other words, money growth is meaningless. Or changes in the amount of money are meaningless. Rather, the level is defined for the warehouse variable. In mathematical language, for the accumulation variable, the integral is defined, not the derivative or the variation. That is, the derivative of money is always zero. In mathematics, integral (in French: Integral) is a method of assigning numbers to functions. That is, in economics, money is the integral of value, not the derivative of value. What causes money to flow in the exchange process in economics is the speed of money circulation. But money itself is a warehouse. It is important to distinguish between money and the velocity of money. In other words, the definition of the equation of motion for money is wrong. But for the speed of money circulation, the equation of motion is defined. That is, the control variable is not money, but the speed of money circulation is the control variable. So that with the increase in the speed of money circulation, the economic growth increases. As a result, the balance of money is static for all generations. If the balance of the speed of money circulation is dynamic. As a result, Yule's optimal policy rule is as follows: the formation of a public source of money over time for all generations, so that the ownership of this public resource is public. As a result, the act of providing money from this source for all generations is in the form of a loan agreement. In other words, in the theory of optimal control, the public source of money has the role of controller of the economic system. That is, inflation control is only possible through public resources for all generations. In this case, the macroeconomic balance is a stable balance for all generations. Because the balance of money over time is a static balance. Because money has no time value. Because money has no time. As a result, when money is first credited to the exchange process in economics, it exists forever in the exchange process. That is, the lifetime of money is infinite. In other words, there is no need to create money. That is, the growth of liquidity over time is zero.

Sustainable architect considers the performance of new designs regarding recycling, hazardous substances, energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and other environmental impact objectives. Sustainable architect assesses the entire building life cycle. Therefore, this study aims to investigate awareness, attitude and behavioural intention. We used the questionnaire of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs to gather data of stores from 1st Sadeghiyeh square to Poonak square of Tehran in 2022. Eighty sellers were chosen, and 61 sellers answered the questionnaire. Data were validated by descriptive statistics, reliability analysis with Cronbach's alpha test, correlation coefficient and P-Value. Results clarified that awareness of environmental and sustainable architecture issues is from medium to high. Information in this field was gathered from radio and television, and web sources. Furthermore, the importance of sustainable architecture issues is from medium to high. There was a strong behavioural intention to reduce energy consumption in the buildings. Based on the results of this study, we concluded that increasing awareness of environmental and sustainable architecture issues causes increasing behavioural intention in this field.

Big data has an undeniable potential for creating value in the marketing sector (due to the importance of data in all of its activities). However, due to research fragmentation, no comprehensive theoretical framework for this topic exists. This study aims to identify and present a comprehensive model of big data application in marketing.

The present research is qualitative in nature and falls into applied research in terms of the purpose of the study. To explain and prioritized big data application through makreting-mix, the Meta-synthesis approach is used. After performing CASP analysis, eventually, 30 essays are investigated from 2006 to 2020.

In this study, 187 codes of core values of big data were identified and classified into 16 themes and four categories. The results of this study showed that the highest frequency is related to the value dimension of "personalization and customization of products and services".

According to the study's findings, the most important big data values related to the product, pricing, place, and promotion category are dedicated to "personalization and customization of products and services, "dynamic pricing", "automation of distribution processes, ordering and delivery" and "CRM systems improvement". This research has contributed to the expansion of the research literature's knowledge body and can provide researchers and marketing managers with a thorough understanding of the value of big data in the marketing mix.

The lean concept achieves measurable consequences in the process and work time by reducing or eliminating worthless activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a model of lean human resource management for the Council of Tehran. The present research is a developmental-applied objective and is a part of qualitative research. First, by analyzing and interpreting 5 interviews conducted with 5 experts of the Islamic Council of Tehran and line by line reviewing the interviews and integrating the model obtained from the interview and reviewing the literature using the theme analysis method, the Delphi process was completed in four rounds and an agreement was reached after the fourth round. In this study, 24 indicators were identified in 9 main dimensions after evaluating theoretical literature of the research and existing models and Delphi method for lean human resource management model. The results of the research provide a comprehensive model for lean human resource management that can be used by managers and researchers.

Trust in insurance is the most important factor of the insurance industry and without this trust, there will be no re-purchase. In the present study, the effect of trust and value dimensions on customer loyalty in the public and private sectors of insurance is investigated. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study is the customers of public and private insurance companies in Kurdistan province. Based on the stratified random sampling method according to market share, the desired sample size was determined and a questionnaire was used to collect data. . SPSS and LISREL software were used to analyze and analyze the data. According to the findings in the cognitive path of the model, the effect of trust through perceived value on customer loyalty for the public and private insurance sectors was confirmed. The effect of cognitive trust on utility value also confirmed in both public and private insurance companies, but the effect of emotional trust on hedonistic value was confirmed only in private insurance companies. In general, the effect of trust and value on loyalty in the public sector is greater than in the private sector.

Considering the fundamental role of values ​​as one of the dimensions of social-capital, the undeniable effect of shared-values ​​on social-capital, and the importance of networks and social norms in it, the purpose of this study is to answer these questions: “What are the values ​​that influencers most commonly disseminate in their target communities using their high social-capital?”, “Which values ​​are most desirable in their target communities?” and “Have they been successful in developing shared-values with their audience?” We also examined the role of context in value system prioritization. This research was conducted in the context of Instagram social network. The sample consisted of 240 Instagram posts that were extracted by non-probability purposive sampling method. First, eight influencers with the highest social-capital were selected, their posts during 3 years were reviewed, and their top 10 posts each year (in terms of desirability for the audience, determined based on the Likes) were selected. This field-based research is qualitative in terms of data type, exploratory in terms of certainty, and applied in terms of findings. It is unique in social-capital studies as it focuses on values ​​as one of the dimensions of social capital and examines the shared-values ​​that play a key role in increasing social-capital. It has also achieved valuable and practical results about the most common values that domestic and foreign influencers with the most social-capital have disseminated, as well as the priority of desirable values in these societies. It has also found that influencers have largely failed to develop shared-values with their target communities. Finally, it has been shown that the value system is different in different societies.

Today, in order to interact with the new competitive environment, firms have changed their view from product-oriented or company-oriented tovalue-oriented, and in this change of perspective, In order to investigate these factors, extensive and scatteredstudies have been conducted that the analysis and deployment of them requires the integration of the findings. Therefore, the present study seeks to achieve a comprehensive model of factors affecting the motivations of value cocreation in the relationship between the business to business. Since the studies related to co-creation motivation are more than qualitative research, the meta-synthesis method was selected and due to the comprehensiveness of the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso(2007).this model was used to conduct the research stages.The process of searching and selecting appropriate and relevant articles based on the Critical Appraisal Skills Program was performed until 2020, and over 202 studies were reviewed, of which 34 studies were finally selected for analysis.The validity of the present study is theoretical validity and also Kappa Cohen test was used to measure the reliability.Findings were extracted in the form of 94 codes,18 Basic Themes and 4 Organizing Themes. The results showed that the factors affecting the motivations of co-creation are classified into:(1)Factors related to the supplier:marketing management, product development, organization, organizational culture, communication structure, resources and organizational roles. (2)Factors related to the customer: Senior managers' personality traits, learning, resources, and customer role.(3)Factors related to co-creators (participants)interactive structure, behavioral characteristics, resource structure, knowledge and value.(4) Factors related to the co-creation platform:including service systems and value propositions.

Due the importance to implement tourism development projects in different recreational areas, it is necessary to assess the benefits of such projects. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the economic value of Mogarmon tourist area in Lendeh town using conditional economic valuation and individual travel cost approaches. To this end, 400 questionnaires were completed by visitors of the Mogarmon recreational area during summer and autumn seasons in 2019. The results of the Contingent valuation method indicated that the average willingness to pay for each person to visit this location was 6752 Rials and the recreational value for each family was 288445/44 Rials per year. Moreover, the results of the travel cost method for individual travel also suggested that the recreational value of this location was estimated equal to 1062936000 Rials. Comparing these two methods showed that the recreational value of this recreational area was overestimated in the individual travel costs method, because from the of visitors' viewpoint, the use of this recreational location is considered as a public net commodity and the individuals don't exactly express their willingness to pay so that the cost of each household for recreation in this location is far higher than the stated inclination.

According to the horizon of 2066 (1444), Iran should have the prominent features of the Islamic community and is the origin of the modern Islamic-Iranian civilization, where the path of realization includes five steps of Islamic Revolution, Islamic system, Islamic state, Islamic society/Islamic nation, and Islamic Ummah/civilization. Currently, Iran is at the stage of Islamic state regarding the desired horizon in the basic pattern of the Islamic-Iranian Model of progress. While conforming to the Islamic-Iranian values, benefiting from organizations that their practical representation is in the country is considered as one of the most important cases for the proper implementation of this stage (the stage of Islamic state) and the transition to the next stages until reaching the Islamic civilization. Therefore, the present study aimed to discover, describe, and explain the model of value-based management of the Islamic-Iranian valued. The Islamic-Iranian value-based management model was developed by conducting semi-structured interviews with experts and using the grounded theory. In this regard, the theory of the Islamic-Iranian value-based management suggests four groups of values including core values, institutional values, supportive values, and transcendental values in the governmental organizations of Iran, which are categorized in four organizational dimensions of the context, actors, structure and processes, and goals.

Emphasizing on the administrative system of Afghanistan and focusing on human resources, this study aimed to investigate the role of Islamic values in improving the administrative system. The main problem of the research is that due to the weaknesses in the administrative systems in Islamic countries, especially the Islamic country of Afghanistan on the one hand, and administrative system being influenced by the other existing systems on the other hand, how can the value system of Islam be effective in improving the efficiency of a system and especially in changing the behavior of its human resources? This study was performed using descriptive-analytical method for data analysis and library search method for data collection. The findings showed that the values governing a system have a clear effect on how its human resources behave in different dimensions. It also showed that the weakness of the administrative system of countries including Afghanistan has been due to the rule of incorrect values of its human resources. Therefore, research findings show that the most important role of Islamic values in improving administrative systems lies in its impact on human behavior, and the best way to improve administrative systems from the Islamic point of view is to institutionalize these values in human resources. It is concluded that administrative system will improve through reforming the behavior of human resources.

The main purpose ofthis study,is survaying the relative importance of knowledge leadership dimensions in influencing the expression of individual values among employees of Financial institutions and banks of East Azarbaijan province. The research method is correlational and the statistical population includes all employees of cultural institutions of Ardabil province. According to the Cochran's formula, the sample size was selected 252and the respondents were selected by simple random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect information. To test the hypotheses, first, Smirnov-Kolmogorov test was used to find out whether the variables were normal. It was observed that the variables have a normal distribution. Pearson correlation was used to find the relationship between independent and dependent variables and the technique of relative importance was used to find the relative weight of leadership intelligence dimensions in the expression of individual employee values. The findings suggest that relative importance ofleadership intelligence is not equally important in the expression of individual values of employees.

The preservation and survival of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, which is a divine and value-driven system, rely on the protection and continuity of its fundamental values like any other system. The managers and agents in government agencies play an influential role in preserving values and realizing the goals and ideals of the Islamic Revolution through their functions. However, changing values in the country, especially among its agents, can be a danger to the revolution. Accordingly, proper understanding of the value (ultimate) strategies, which is the purpose of implementing value-based management, can be useful in the proper explanation of values and their implementation. Thus, the signs, concepts, and categories of ultimate strategies of value-based management emerged gradually by conducting semi-structured interviews with experts and using the methodology of grounded theory through collecting and analyzing data, as well as continuous reciprocations during the open, axial and selective coding process. In this regard, the findings of the research were categorized into three levels of robust, evolutionary, and ideal strategies.

Values of public sector are considered to be key elements in this sector; identifying these values is important because they have guiding role for public sector as a compass. This paper aims to determine public acceptance values in Iran's public sector. To this end, the identified values of theoretical literature were investigated using a fuzzy Delphi method based on consensus. Based on results of the research, values were identified in five categories (ethical, professional, democratic, human and religious). The findings of this phase were distributed among the staff of the Program and Budgeting Organization using a questionnaire to prioritize values. According to the results of this section, values such as honesty, fairness and saving in public property have higher priority and superiority and representation were the lowest priority.