جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نظارت » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

The present research was carried out with the aim of examining inspection supervisions at three levels before, during and after the operation in the job performance of commanders and managers, focusing on the commanders and managers of the Border Guard Command of Sistan and Baluchistan province. This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of gathering information.

122 commanders of executive ranks and staff managers were questioned. This questionnaire has 30 questions designed in the Likert style. The answer options for each question are considered in five qualitative levels.

The validity of the questionnaire was done by content method. To check the reliability of the questionnaire, 20 questionnaires were distributed among 20 people from the statistical sample and calculated using Cronbach's alpha method. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using SPSS software and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.95. According to the investigation of the hypothesis of the components of pre-action supervision and inspection in the job performance of commanders and managers, the highest rank was the holding of information sessions, justification and inspection guidance, and the lowest rank was the development of a targeted supervision and inspection system in order to correct wrong and inefficient processes.

Friedman's test showed that although monitoring and inspection during work and after work is important and necessary; But the inspection before doing the work is more important and the commanders and department heads and deputies should pay more attention to this issue and give more importance to the supervision before doing the work.

1-The performance of human resources is a fundamental factor in an organization, and the increase in organizational performance can be under various factors. In this regard, extensive research has been conducted on human resource performance, and many variables have been identified with direct and indirect effects on the performance of employees and human resources. In recent years, the creation of efficient organizations in providing services and responding to citizens' demands has been the focus of public sector managers in most countries. Organizations must define their formal structure in such a way that they can be an efficient organization. The parliament and the legislature, as one of the most influential organizations or institutions with legal authority, are not exempt from this rule, and in this institution, paying attention to the performance of human resources is an undeniable necessity. Also, many all-round developments of the countries depend on the institution of the parliament and the representatives' performance. Accordingly, as a symbol of the people's sovereignty in political systems based on representation, the parliament plays a vital role in determining public policies by holding the legislation, representation, and supervision tasks. The quantitative and qualitative level of the performance of the representatives and the institution of the Islamic Council, along with a set of soft and hard instruments and personal characteristics and capabilities of the representatives, is influenced and interacted with the environment and the overall structure of power and politics in the Islamic Republic. Based on this, this article aims to evaluate and analyze the individual, institutional, and structural variables affecting the performance of the members of the Islamic Council.
 
2-THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
In general, the review of the conducted research shows the fact that all factors affecting the performance of human resources come from three areas: individual, institutional, and structural. In terms of individual factors, Brown (2014), Indahingwati et al. (2019), Mitchell et al. (2020), and Paais and Pattiruhu (2020) consider personal characteristics and capabilities, knowledge and literacy, and individual capacities to be involved in the performance of human resources. In terms of institutional factors, Spender and Kijne (2012), Meng and Berger (2019), and Thanh et al. (2020) have examined organizational structures and practices, regulations and guidelines, and satisfaction. In terms of structural factors, Chen et al. (2012), Limaj and Bernroider (2019), Meng and Berger (2019), and Harijanti et al. (2021) considered social, cultural, economic, and political conditions; and Cai et al. (2018) and Cetinkaya and Rashid (2018) the role of the effective media on human resource functions.
 
3-In terms of method, the current research was a descriptive-correlation study carried out with a survey. The statistical population of the research included the representatives of the Islamic Council in different periods, among which a sample size of 150 was selected based on Lin and Morgan's table. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire distributed among the sample members by purposeful sampling. Finally, 141 questionnaires were completed and subjected to the analysis. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential techniques in Spss and AMOS software. It is worth noting that the questionnaire's validity was ascertained by considering the experts' opinions, and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficients greater than 0.7.
 
4-RESULTS & To determine the intensity and direction of the influence of independent variables on the performance of representatives in the two dimensions of legislation and supervision, a structural equation model has been used, which defines how to measure a variable using two or more observed variables. Concerning the model fitness evaluation, the absolute, comparative, and parsimonious fit indices indicated that the model fit is acceptable. The results showed that the structural and institutional factors had positive and significant effects on the overall performance of the representatives, while the impact of individual factors was not confirmed. The insignificant effect of these factors may be due to the high power of structural and institutional factors in the country's political system. As a result, in many cases supporting a candidate, some parties create expectations for the representative of a constituency that directly affect their executive and supervisory performance. In general, these arguments are highly aligned with the results of the hypotheses testing.
 
5-CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS
The performance of the parliament representatives is generally assessed concerning two tasks: legislation and supervision. If these two particular tasks are done well, the overall dynamics of the system will follow. Efficient laws are the laws that representatives have taken care of drafting and approving. Specifically, the extent of citizens' adherence to the laws is mainly the product of the legislators' correct view of the conditions of both society and citizens. In the regulatory dimension, the efficiency of other executive and regulatory institutions can be derived from the representatives' performance. In other words, no matter how successful the representatives are in their supervisory function, subordinate institutions can also perform their duties well within the framework of the law. In addition, nowadays, the problem of corruption and the lack of proper functioning of some institutions of society has led to the public distrust of many citizens towards the pillars of the system, which can be turned into a prominent opportunity if the parliament properly performs its monitoring duty. Therefore, the quality of its legislative and supervisory performance is very effective in the sustainable development of the country and society. Accordingly, performance measurement is a process that aims to determine the degree of adequacy and worthiness of representatives in terms of performing assigned duties and accepting responsibilities and can be affected by various factors. According to the analytical and descriptive results from examining the influence of independent variables on dependent variables, it can be said that individual, institutional, and structural factors more or less affect the behavior and performance of the Islamic Parliament representatives. On the one hand, the cultivation and optimal use of the media in terms of educating and informing citizens about the importance of the Islamic Council, and on the other hand, the local, regional, and national monitoring representatives' performance may have dramatic roles in improving their performance.

Control and supervision is one of the most important tasks of managers of organizations. It is only by using control and supervision that organizations take steps to achieve their grand goals and identify their weaknesses and plan to address them. The purpose of this study is to identify and select the optimal organizational supervision strategy in the Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought. The statistical sample of this research includes 25 managers, experts and thinkers working in the research institute. The required information was collected using two library and field methods, as a result of which nine organizational supervision strategies and eight indicators and criteria for evaluating the organizational supervision strategies of the research institute were identified. Data analysis was performed using TOPSIS software. Based on data analysis, organizational goals, the main strategies of the organization, employee acceptance, management policy, proximity (detection of deviations, savings (cost-effectiveness), ease of implementation, and flexibility, respectively, as the most important ranking indicators Organizational monitoring strategies of the Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought are also classified, as well as holistic monitoring strategies (control in sensitive and key points) and futuristic monitoring are introduced as the most optimal strategy among monitoring strategies and partial (decentralized) monitoring. Is the last priority.

Recognizing the significance of decisions and decision-making by the Islamic Parliament and their impact on human societies, it is crucial to evaluate the efficiency of different parliamentary terms, identify strengths and weaknesses, and determine influential factors for enhancing future performance. The reformation of the decision-making process is essential as it will result in sound decisions and elevate the political and economic conditions of the country. Thus, the objective of this research is to propose a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to evaluate the performance of various periods of the Islamic Parliament (from the third to the tenth period) in terms of legislation and supervision. In the proposed approach, each term of the Islamic Parliament is considered a two-stage decision-making unit (DMU), with legislation as the first stage and supervision as the second stage. The results suggest that, generally, 50% of the periods are efficient, while the remaining 50% are inefficient. Specifically, Periods C, D, G, and H are identified as efficient periods across both dimensions. However, Period B, in terms of overall performance and the supervision dimension, and Period A, within the legislative dimension, are pinpointed as the most inefficient periods. Additionally, an analysis of the average efficiency scores in legislation and supervision underscores that, overall, the Islamic Parliament has demonstrated superior performance in legislation compared to supervision during various periods. This disparity in performance between the supervisory and legislative aspects has led to higher inefficiencies among the periods characterized as inefficient.

Knowledge is the main intellectual capital of any organization. Sharing and using the knowledge that lies in the minds and capabilities of people is one of the most important strategies for the all-round growth of organizations in today's era. This research is practical in terms of purpose and by applying mechanism design theory in knowledge management, it seeks to create and share tacit knowledge and latent expertise of each individual to adapt the organization to the interaction environment full of competition and flexibility in the face of environmental changes. The desired goal of the organization is to take advantage of the opportunities that arise in the dynamic environment to maintain the competitive advantage by using the effective management of knowledge resources. To facilitate the work processes of the organization, it is necessary to design, ensure and establish consistent mechanisms in order to create sufficient internal motivations to ensure full alignment between the individual optimizations of employees and the desired goal of the organization. In this research, proper to monitoring has been investigated in research organizations in order to ensure the correct performance of the tasks assigned to the project manager. From library method, study of rules and regulations in research organizations and subject literature, data has been collected and analyzed through mechanism design theory techniques. The results of this study show that people do not share their information, knowledge, and abilities without having proper incentives. The findings of this research show that the theory of mechanism design can guarantee the effectiveness of knowledge management in monitoring the correct implementation of research stages by creating sufficient internal motivations in the supervisor of the project to share tacit knowledge. The present research can be effective in increasing the awareness of managers of research organizations in order to properly monitor research projects and achieve the goals of the organization.

Internal audit has provided the basis of correct governance and accountability. An effective internal audit can support the organization in achieving its goals. The purpose of this research is to identify and rank the factors affecting the effectiveness of internal audit and supervision in the public sector of Iran.

This research is qualitative and has an applied purpose. The statistical population of the research includes two groups, 16 people from the accounting and auditing field of the public sector in a targeted manner and in the second stage, 165 experts were selected in an available and targeted way. The tools of data collection are interviews and questionnaires, and the foundational data method was used to analyze the qualitative data. Fuzzy Hierarchy Analysis (AHP) method was used to rank the dimensions and components.

After reviewing and studying authoritative scientific texts and databases and based on interviews with experts and data analysis, the research results showed that the factors of mechanisms and consulting processes with a weight of 39%, evaluation of internal controls with a weight of 27%, internal audit and Results reporting with a weight of 20%, responsibility for accountability with a weight of 9%, and financial reporting and assurance of processes and operations with a weight of 5% have had the greatest and least impact on the effectiveness of internal audit and supervision in the public sector of our country, respectively.

Internal auditing plays an important role in improving the risk management process, increasing the internal control system, and the satisfaction of people and regulatory bodies in government organizations by providing advice.

Context and

Despite the fact that many programs have been designed and implemented to fight administrative corruption, little success has been achieved in this field. It seems that one of the basic solutions to deal with administrative corruption is the supervision of management over its sub-categories. The purpose of this study is to design a model the managerial supervision to prevent administrative corruption.Research

This study is a descriptive- correlation research that has been conducted through the survey method. Also this research is according to aim the development- applied research. The statistical population of the research in order to test the model consisted of all staffs in public organizations of Kerman city and 286 pepole have been selected as volume of sample using Cochran’s formula. To analyze the data have been used descriptive and inferential statistical (t test and enter multiple regression), and the organizational supervision and administrative corruption questionnaires have been to collect the data.

The findings of the study indicated that the suggested model has appropriate fit, and organizational supervision dimensions have negative impact on administrative corruption, and of among the dimensions, supervision by organization inspectors has had the most negative impact on administrative corruption and supervision by administrative delegations, supervision by hidden inspectors, direct supervision of director, supervision by electronic equipments and hierarchical supervision have been in next ranks.

Considering that managerial supervision plays an important role in preventing the occurrence of administrative corruption, managers of organizations should know well the various methods of supervision of their subordinates and apply them correctly.

The purpose of this research is to present the model of transparency in the Islamic Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran (examining the gap between the opinions of experts and citizens from the perspective of the characteristics of the transparent parliament).

in the small part after Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, parametric tests (independent sample t) were used through SPSS version 23 software. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part includes 24 experts in the field of transparency, and in the quantitative part, there are 426 citizens, which was used through a cluster method centered on five provinces of Iran. The tool for collecting information in the quantitative part of this research is the use of a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to determine the content validity of the questionnaire from the opinions of experts and experts, and to determine its reliability, Cronbach's alpha method was used, and the alpha value for the total variables was equal to 0.964. Is.

The model of transparency in the Majlis of the Islamic Council of Iran consists of five main categories, which are: informational, financial, supervisory and accountability, and ethical and professional individual, which not only formed the dimensions of transparency in the Islamic Council, but also the effective factors. The successful establishment of transparency, the consequences of the establishment of transparency, the obstacles to the establishment of transparency, as well as possible damages in the Islamic Council in case of non-establishment of transparency will also be discussed.

Environmental auditing has become an important tool for maintaining and achieving environmental pollution control standards. Lack of a model for environmental compliance auditing in order to inspection of the Supreme Audit Court of Iran over the executive organs is one of the challenges of not implementing the environmental compliance auditing; therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide an audit model for environmental compliance in order to inspect the executive organs.

In this study, first, the initial indicators were identified based on the study of research literature and statistical method of qualitative content analysis. Then, in the fall of 2021, by interviewing 35 auditors of the Iran’s Supreme Audit Court as experts, who were selected by the snowball judgment method and by the Delphi statistical method the initial indicators were identified and finalized. Then, using a modern questionnaire and modern analytical methodology, structural-interpretive modeling and by MATLAB and Excel softwares, the relationships of the indicators were determined, analyzed and ISM graph were drawn. Finally, using MICMAC analysis, the influence power and dependence of the identified indicators were evaluated and the final pattern was drawn. Validity in content and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated.

The environmental compliance audit model for inspecting the executive organs of Iran has indicators for national laws and regulations, transnational laws and regulations, international agreements, contracts, policies and guidelines.

Indices of national and transnational laws and regulations with high influence and low dependence are independent and effective indicators in the model. Indices of policies with high power of influence and dependence as a link index, and indicators of international agreements and contracts with low power of influence and high dependence as dependent indicators have the least impact on the model.

Nowadays, independent directors are one of the most important institutions of good corporate governance, have progressed from doctrinal stage into a dominated concept in corporate law. Therefore, corporate governance laws in the United States have proposed the use of independent directors in the composition of the board of directors, based on the protection of the rights of the dispersed shareholders against the extravagance of management and the strength of internal supervision in the company. In terms of business and family relationships, these directors are independent of the company and its management, and while avoiding conflicts of interest, they act more fairly in their decisions and in their supervision over the management of the company. On the one hand, this institution has grown rapidly and has become a global standard On the other hand, through the corporate governance guidelines of the stock exchange and securities organization and the bill for protection of mnority shareholders, it is also penetrating the Iranian Companies Law. Therefore, the present study has tried to analyze the various aspects of the emergence of independent directors for the first time by considering the American law in Iranian law using the analytical-descriptive method. In this way, while analyzing the legal documents, the basis for the acceptance and functioning of the independent directors of the existing shortcomings, along with the proposed amendments, is reminded

Global events in recent months, such as the Quid 19 epidemic, have put pressures on the public budget that have made it more difficult to understand and measure. On the other hand, the large share of state-owned companies in the public budget and the need for their continuous monitoring and inspection in the country's economic policies, has led to more attention paid to the financial discipline of state-owned companies and the need for applied research in this area. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the components of supervision, inspection and financial discipline of state-owned companies. This study is a quantitative research and has been done using pairwise comparison questionnaire and Demetel method as one of the multi-criteria decision making techniques to determine the effectiveness and effectiveness between the components. The experts of this research include 12 experts on financial and control issues of state-owned companies who have been selected by snowball sampling method. The instrument used in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire and the validity and reliability of the research results have been confirmed by experts by CVR and retest methods. The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of the components of "continuous monitoring", "external inspection" and "subordinate and upstream inspection" and the high effectiveness of all three components "financial discipline before spending", "financial discipline during spending" and "financial discipline after" Expense. This research with a different approach to the literature, focusing on the differences between the two concepts of supervision and inspection, in addition to the development of public sector accounting literature for financial discipline, the pattern of relationships between research components for better supervision and inspection.

Sustainable security is possible through the cooperation of the people with the police, and in this cooperation, the manner of communication, performance and appropriate and effective behavior of the police with the citizens, plays a key role; Therefore, scientific identification and presentation of a practical model of transformation strategies in the relationship and behavior of police officers and police stations as the main purpose of this study, can help the police in this regard.

This research is a hybrid (qualitative-quantitative) method. In order to confirm the enumerated components and assess the validity and reliability of the model, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed and the collected data were used for confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population includes experts, commanders and heads of prevention police and police stations of the Special Disciplinary Command in the west of Tehran province. In the first stage, 35 people and in the validity determination stage, 70 experts and specialists were selected as a sample as a purposeful method. Content validity was used to ensure the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient method was used to measure the reliability of the scales used.

Based on the results of factor analysis, the amount of factor load of all factors affecting the behavioral transformation of employees including belief factors, management and role of commanders, psychological factors, training, organizational structure and job, supervision and control and extra-organizational factors greater than 0.40 and It is desirable.

In general, based on the findings and results of the study, three categories of factors (believing, motivating and inhibiting) affect the behavioral transformation of police officers that the correct, effective and synergistic interaction of these factors, stabilizes and strengthens constructive, acceptable and standard behaviors. And the elimination of problem-solving and problem-solving behaviors in the organization becomes NAJA.

One of the important concerns of governments in the area of ​​governance and policy making, performance and achievement of objectives, and the fight against corruption is of such extravagance and wastefulness. To this end, governments are trying to take advantage of the approaches, methods and new tools to achieve these goals are less costly and more efficient. One of the most modern approaches and tools that governments have used to better governance, transparency is.

In this study, text analysis and document analysis to study theory and research as well as operational and practical examples will be discussed and implemented in other countries in the area of ​​transparency benefits, functions and benefits of transparency expressed.

In this study, research and international experience in the field of transparency and instances of applications, including transparency in contracts, transparency of Council meetings, staff assessment and performance is obvious that an efficient tool of transparency, the fight against corruption, control, monitoring, effectiveness and empowerment is the policy of .

In the end, it becomes clear that a new approach and new transparency safest, most successful, easiest, most cost-efficient way for the government to measure the stature of government, increasing interaction between people and government and public participation, and combat corruption and so on.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the process of risk assessment of insurance companies in a risk-based supervision system and the way to monitor it.

We used the KNF (2018) risk assessment framework for insurance and reinsurance companies. This comprehensive framework uses all available information held by the supervisory authority about the (re)insurance company, including information obtained as a result of actions related to the licensing, off-site analyses and control actions during on-site inspections carried out in the (re)insurance company as well as inquiries/questionnaires sent to the (re)insurance company. 

The supervisory assessment focuses on significant risks and areas of operation of (re)insurance companies. Implementing this new approach requires complying the International Association of Insurance Supervisors’ (IAIS) principles, preparing risk management and actuarial reports, rating and ranking insurance companies, analyzing complaint data and separating life and non-life insurance accounts.

An action plan is necessary to achieve effective supervision and risk-based supervision in the insurance industry: - The compliance of the insurance regulations with the IAIS core principles - The separation of life and non life insurance accounts - Developing actuarial standards of practice - Obliging insurance companies to prepare their Own Risk & Solvency Assessments (ORSA) empowerment to comply with the requirements of the Corporate Governance (Risk Management) Regulations in accordance with IAIS principles - Use of international and general standards and supervisory and regulatory standards of enterprise risk management - preparation the report of internal controls by insurance companies. 

Organizational integrity is considered as a process of establishing unity, integration and coordination in the organization and an important and strategic factor for achieving goals of the organization. The present research was conducted to identify and classify the components of organizational integrity. The research method used in this study is a mix method. The statistical population of the study consisted of senior staff of the headquarters of the Mashhad Bus Company and the four areas of the organization, in three categories including: deputies, managers and officials. The statistical sample in the qualitative section was saturated with 21 interviews. Semi-structured interviews and a researcher-tailored questionnaire were used to collect information. Also qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the interviews. Finally, organizational integrity model was extracted. In order to measure and fit the model, a confirmatory factor analysis and AMOS software were used. After performing the necessary analysis, organizational integrity with six components of fundamental values, management style, coordination, monitoring, consistency and incentive compensation as well as 22 related sub-components were identified.

The idea of the rule of law means that government must be exercised according to the law and the equality of all individuals before the laws. The realization of this ideal in the executive branch to prevent the arbitrary actions of the executive and administrative officials is very important, but the realization of this idea in practice is carried out by some special control measures. The purpose of this paper is to review these aforementioned control measures in both the UK and Iran and to show their strengths and weaknesses. The idea of separation of powers and its impact on the political control of the legislature over the executive branch can play a constructive role to control the power of the executive. In the UK, the mix of powers and the majority system of the country has led many scholars to see the parliament as a tool in the service of the Cabinet. In contrast, in Iran, the Islamic Consultative Assembly has significant tools in order to influence the executive branch. Also, the Supreme Court of UK and the Administrative Court of Justice in Iran, play an important role in ensuring the rule of law through judicial review in relation to administrative institutions and the officials. But it is expected in our country that the legislator takes steps in order to strengthen and expand the competencies of the Administrative Court of Justice.

Supervision is regarded an efficient factor for coordinating the activities of an organization with its goals and aspirations and structuring behavior of its members and as a guarantee for sound management of that organization. The duty of governments is running the community affairs and this needs to monitoring the performance of their subjects. Because Imam Ali's government had solid religious-devotional foundations and because the Imam Ali was in the upper rank of the management pyramid, he paid special attention to the issue of supervising the agents of his government. Using a descriptive-analytical method and library-based survey, the present paper investigates the different aspects of supervision in Imam Ali's government and its influence on the founder of the Islamic Revolution. This study expounds the methods and components of the model used by Imam Ali for supervising his agents, including direct observation, and attending to the reports submitted by people. The paper elicits the supervision model used by the Commander of the Faithful and proves that it has exerted influence on Imam Khomeini. The results of the study show that Imam Ali used different ways and a systematic pattern to oversee the performance of his agents. The founder of the Islamic Revolution was greatly influenced by the components and methods of the mentioned model by observing its procedural requirements.

Aim and Department of Education is very important in terms of social, cultural, economic, moral and human evolution and growth. This study aimed to determine Factors affecting efficiency improvement of managers and assistants in secondary schools.
In this descriptive-survey study, The Population was consisting of all high school managers and assistants of Nain in the academic year 1395-1394 that 30 samples were selected using cluster sampling method. The reliability coefficient of the questioner was calculated as 95% using Cronbach’s alpha. Data analyzed in two levels: descriptive and Non-Parametric Chi-squared test. SPSS was used as software.
Findings: The findings showed that personality characteristics of managers and assistants, the ability of supervision on teachers working, attention to the relevant rules and regulations, the ability to effective communicate with teachers, students and their parents, having a college education in the field of management, effective use of time, place, human and economic resources; are effective on improve the efficiency of school management. Also, personality characteristics of managers and assistants(P≥21.03), the ability of supervision on teachers working (P≥ 28.87), attention to the relevant rules and regulations(P≥21.03); are more effective than others.
Because of communities increasing need as well as the importance of training centers, is necessary to identify and increasing attention to the factors affecting on Efficiency Improvement school principals.