جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « earthquake » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

The current study focuses on the planning, management and design of a temporary accommodation camp as well as the design of a temporary shelter. The main goal is to present the physical model of a temporary accommodation camp in the football field of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, to be used after an earthquake, considering the physical and non-physical conditions of the district 1 and the existing infrastructure. 

This is a descriptive-analytical survey study. Qualitative method and interviews with five experts, field observation, documents, and articles were used for collecting information. 

Based on the findings of observations, interviews and the library information, the suitable space for the establishment of the accommodation complex in the university was identified and predicted, based on this, the description of the duties of the established bodies was stated. Then, according to the design priorities, temporary accommodation was designed and the production arrangements were determined to reduce the risk.

The results give an insight into the construction projects related to temporary accommodation and transportation in post-disaster conditions in Tehran, considering the economic, environmental and psychological conditions of the residents, and issues such as innovative locating, flexibility, coordinated planning and reusability and the use of social capital.

Human settlements are formed and developed in a specific natural environment. Social, political, cultural, and economic systems that govern the societies can affect residential spaces. Therefore, the special natural and human habitats cause the formation of special spaces, which require their own management system. After the earthquake on November 12, 2017, in Salas Babajani County, Kermanshah, Iran, whose epicenter was Ezgeleh district, the presence of natural areas in the county caused the crisis management in this region to face special problems. In addition, the sectoral and centralized management structure governing the country and thus the Salas Babajani County added to the complexity of these problems and caused the residents of this region to suffer a deep crisis. The aim of the current study is a spatial pathology of earthquake management in urban and rural settlements of Salas Babajani County. 

This is a descriptive-analytical study. Data were collected using the documentary method and a researcher-made questionnaire. Participants were the residents of Salas Babajani County. 

The findings showed that the earthquake management in the County has a high compliance with the centralized and sectoral management model. In addition, it was found that the crisis management in the four stages (prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery) was in an unfavorable situation. the highest weakness was in the prevention stage and the lowest weakness was related to the preparedness stage. 

Overall, the results showed that crisis management has worsened by moving away from the center towards the outskirts, especially towards the southwestern borders. In other words, by moving away from the political center of the County (Tazeh Abad district), the crisis management became very unfavorable. Also, it was found that the crisis management was greatly influenced by the spatial factors of elevation, land slope, transportation network, distribution of human settlements, and population density.

Despite significant technological developments in today’s world, it is still plagued by all manners of natural and man-made disasters (such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, avalanches, war, terrorism, political unrest, etc.) which not only slow the process of sustainability development but also, when neglected, can inflict terrible and sometimes irreparable damage to a community’s well-being and prosperity. This issue requires an integrated logistics system that is scientifically and comprehensively designed to meet the needs of crisis management; a system with clear and predefined processes in which all components have predefined functions. Providing aid to the injured is one of the most important stages of crisis management, which must be planned before the accident because timely and efficient aid will greatly reduce human and financial losses. In order not to be surprised during natural crises, proper planning should be done in advance and under normal conditions.  Humanitarian logistics (HL) is considered one of the most important issues of disaster operations and management. However, the operations required for humanitarian logistics must be sustainable enough to function well under the uncertain and complex nature of disasters and crises. Many difficulties in the pre-disaster and post-disaster phases bring both human and economic losses, and practically ensuring the efficient design of humanitarian logistics operations seems essential. In this study, considering the importance of planning before disasters and also the mathematical optimization model for locating facilities and relief centers, articles published between the years 2004 and 2023 to examine optimization models in the field of humanitarian logistics have been studied. The purpose of the research is to familiarize with the current research process of humanitarian logistics, especially the optimization problem used to achieve various goals of the location of humanitarian logistics facilities and to provide future research directions.

In order to get an overview of the research fields and to know what articles exist in this field and who has done research in this field and other more comprehensive information, using the Web of Science website, the keywords that are considered in this research, have been searched. Regarding facility location issues, all types of resource location problems are included in this study, and the papers under study are classified into two categories based on deterministic and non-deterministic models.

In the deterministic models table, the type of objective function, decision variables, model type, and solution methods are included. In non-deterministic models, this study primarily covers the stochastic programming approach and robust optimization. Also, in the non-deterministic model’s table, the type of objective function, decision variables, non-deterministic parameters of the model, type of uncertainty, type of model, and solution methods are included. According to the reviewed articles and also by referring to the presented literature review table, it is possible to find the points that have not been addressed or have been addressed less.

Finally, this study can be useful for researchers in understanding the current trend of the optimization problem in humanitarian logistics and modeling techniques. Researchers can easily find out the research gap and help society through their research.

Earthquake and flood are two of the most important natural destructive factors in Iran. In fact, earthquakes and floods as a natural phenomenon do not in themselves have undesirable consequences. What makes these destructive factors a disaster is their inability to prevent them and their inability to deal with their consequences. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank destructive factors in buildings after floods and earthquakes. The statistical population of the study consists 300 experts in the field of civil construction. Prior research and expert opinion have been used to identify destructive factors. Experts' opinions were measured using a questionnaire. After completing the questionnaires by experts, validity and reliability test was performed on the questionnaire. In this study, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the data. In this way, 21 destructive factors after earthquake and 11 destructive factors after flood have been extracted. Then, by preparing a questionnaire and distributing it among the statistical sample, experts' opinions were collected based on Likert's five-choice range and identified by testing the hypothesis of influential factors. The results of the hypothesis test show that all the identified factors are effective for earthquake and flood. Subsequently, common destructive factors are identified and the multi-criteria decision-making method of ELECTRE 4 is used to prioritize these factors. The results show that building reversal and foundation destruction are the most important common factors.

After an earthquake, people are seeking for useful information about the mainshock and its possible aftershocks, and the vulnerability of their buildings to any future shakings. Actually, safety assessment of buildings after an earthquake is very costly and time-consuming, and lack of an interactive system between public and authorities for post-earthquake crisis management, especially in metropolitans, is a major challenge. Due to the widespread use of mobile-apps, information such as felt intensity of earthquakes and general structural status of buildings, as well as necessary trainings might be exchanged on an interactive cybernetic system. The purpose of this study is to design and implement a prototype software for earthquake intensity assessment and to give an overall rough estimation of seismic vulnerability of buildings by using a rapid damage estimation method. In this research, following a systematic method for software design, system users and their requirements, and possible solutions are identified, and a prototype system is implemented. The presented software is capable of interacting with public to receive earthquake intensity estimates and building information, as well as reporting building vulnerabilities, and may contribute volunteers to register aftershocks. Using data received from the users, the system can provide a nearly complete database for urban vulnerability, as well as real-time interactive DYFI (Did You Feel It?), shake and damage maps, which may efficiently be used for earthquake crisis management and securing urban regions for hazardous future earthquakes.

Natural disasters such as earthquakes can cause irreparable damage to humans and the environment. Earthquakes are considered as natural disasters that cause many human and financial losses every year. Today, with the advancement of science and technology, suitable grounds have been provided for recognizing and reducing these natural hazards. Therefore, risk assessment is critical for proper management and reduction of losses. Risk assessment is determined by the process of estimating the probability of an event occurring, and the importance or severity of its adverse effects. The aim of this study was to assess the vulnerability of Bushehr province to earthquake risk. In this regard, by combining fuzzy and hierarchical logic models using GIS software, the vulnerability of Bushehr province to earthquake risk has been analyzed and extracted. Effective indicators in earthquake vulnerability are: distance from the fault, earthquake epicenter, earthquake magnitude, earthquake depth, land slope and lithology. The results show that 23% of Bushehr province, which is mostly located along faults, are very vulnerable in the danger zone.

Background and objective:

 After a large-scale natural disaster, the lack of supply and unfair distribution of relief items can cause high human casualties and hinder the function of the humanitarian supply chain. Therefore, this study aims to present a framework based on mathematical modeling for the proper distribution of relief items among the affected areas in Tehran.

Method :

In this study, mathematical modeling was used for the distribution of relief items in a humanitarian supply chain at two high and low levels. For this purpose, a multi-purpose and multi-level humanitarian supply chain was first developed. The proposed model had three objective functions that were solved by the weighted sum method.

Results:

 According to the results, with the decrease in the supply parameter, the amount of unmet demand increased, and there was a shortage of essential items in all periods. This shortage affected the desirability of distribution among recipients and had a negative effect on the performance of the humanitarian supply chain and fair distribution. On the other hand, with the increase in supply parameter, there was a surplus of items, and considering the time window, there may be no demand for some food items, which can lead to their spoilage. In this case, an additional cost is imposed on the chain. 

Conclusion:

 The proposed model is suitable in the event of natural disasters locally in urban areas of Tehran (with a certain number of residents). The results of this study can be useful for managers to make appropriate decisions after disasters and control the situation.

Due to the devastating effects of earthquakes, it is essential to understand the potential risks and develop strategies to minimize their impact. The aim of this research is to analyze the vulnerability of Ardabil City in Iran to the risk of earthquakes. The study focuses on the five regions of Ardabil City.

The research is applied and descriptive-analytical in methodology. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized for data analysis, which weighs four criteria and 19 sub-criteria. The information layers in Arc GIS software were combined together to produce a map of vulnerable areas.

The findings indicate that planning and land-use criteria are crucial factors in assessing the vulnerability of Ardabil City. The structural and natural criteria also play a role in the seismic vulnerability of the city. The study shows that the northern, northwestern, eastern, and central parts of Ardabil City are more vulnerable to the risk of earthquakes. Conversely, the southern part of the city is considered the most resistant.

The results indicate that nearly 30% of urban spaces have moderate to high vulnerability to earthquake risk, while around 50% are exposed to high vulnerability. This suggests that the physical structure of these areas is not suitable to manage a crisis caused by seismic activity. In conclusion, this research presents valuable insights into the risk of earthquakes in Ardabil City. The findings can inform the development of mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of earthquakes and protect the local community.

A suitable place for temporary accommodation after an earthquake is one of the main challenges of crisis management, especially in developing countries. Therefore, it is necessary to create location plans for the homeless population before the incident of earthquake. The purpose of this article was to identify and rank suitable places for temporary accommodation among green spaces, barren spaces and sports spaces in Semnan city by knowing the features of location for temporary accommodation.

This research is a part of applied research. It is descriptive-analytical research from the data collection point of view, and is hybrid research from the data type point of view. In this research, using the last updated comprehensive plan of Semnan city in 2014, and the expert elicitations was used to analyze the indicators through using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method. The AHP has been conducted using Expert choice software. Arc GIS10 software has been used to determine and prioritize the best options for creating temporary housing in Semnan against earthquake event.

In this research, 12 main criteria have been selected to choose the best option for creating temporary accommodation places during the earthquake in Semnan city. The location process has been done in the form of 3 functional areas of the city, including public green spaces, barren lands, and sports centers as population settlement areas. Based on this, the location of temporary accommodation of 32 points has been evaluated and prioritized.

According to the results, Semnan city has been ranked into 6 operational areas and the facilities have been divided into three levels: main, temporary (local) and backup. The main sites are the most essential sites in grad 1 crisis events. The temporary sites are useful in all types of crises (1st grade, 2nd grade, and 3rd grade). Meanwhile, the supportive sites in the next stage should accommodate the population of their surrounding area and at the same time join the crisis management in the local headquarters.

Earthquake as one of the most important natural hazards in cities, causes huge financial and human losses every year, and one of the most necessary measures in this field is the application of disaster risk management principles. One of the most important requirements of those affected by natural hazards is to have a safe shelter.

The type of research is applied and conducted based on descriptive-analytical approach. Based on effective criteria for the optimal location of emergency and temporary housing, 19 information layers of Damghan city were used, and then a map of suitable areas for emergency and temporary housing was prepared using Fuzzy model and ArcGIS software.

The results obtained showed that, the parts located within the boundaries of Daneshjoo Park and Jungle Park, Imam neighborhood, Baharestan neighborhood, Mosala (under construction), Golestan settlement and Mehr housing, University of Basic Sciences Damghan, Imam Hossein, 15 Khordad, Daneshjoo and Saadi squares in the city of Damghan had a higher priority for locating emergency and temporary housing after a possible earthquake, which requires the proper attention of organizations and departments (municipality, governorate, Red Crescent, etc.) In the field of providing and equipping the infrastructure, providing necessary tools, equipment and items (medicine, food, water and energy sources, etc.) during possible earthquake in Damghan city, along with the education of all citizens and their participation. It should be noted that the rest of the existing urban area of Damghan, which is about 70% of the urban area, needs serious attention considering crisis management caused by a possible earthquake and is not suitable for emergency and temporary housing.

The main crisis management strategy is to build emergency and temporary housing bases for earthquake survivors to reduce the damaging effects after an earthquake. Therefore, in urban land use planning in cities such as Damghan, it is necessary to locate land use suitable for earthquake risk such as rescue and rescue centers and shelters according to the population and other geographical and climatic conditions (weather and wind conditions).

The main goal of this research is to know the methods of temporary accommodation, the feasibility of each of them in order to find an efficient management method for the temporary accommodation of victims after the earthquake in Pardis city. Also, the proposed solution will be feasible next to the existing and common solutions, and according to the feasibility criteria, the best option will be selected.

The present research is quantitative in nature, which is a combination of technical literature review, including books, treatises and articles, internet searches, conducting interviews with the studied community, receiving existing data and reporting field visits. Also, data analysis has been done through TOPSIS evaluation method and Excel software has been used.

During the recent decades, the world has always witnessed the occurrence of natural disasters that have caused irreparable economic and social losses. Adopting the correct method of temporary accommodation is one of the most important and challenging management measures during or after the crisis occurence, which includes several different methods. In the present study, some of them were removed from the evaluation stage due to their non-functionality in urban areas, and only five methods of temporary housing in their own land, relatives’s houses, neighborhood green spaces, neighborhood public buildings, and camp housing were evaluated.

The results of the analysis of the questionnaires with the TOPSIS evaluation method, the superiority and efficiency of the collective method in the parks and open spaces of the neighborhoods were proved compared to other methods. For this purpose, two sites in Pardise Phase 2, have been proposed as a multi-purpose park to be used for temporary housing of the survivors in addition to their efficiency in normal conditions.

human settlements have faced various crises since long ago, of which the earthquake crisis was one of the most common; Therefore, in order to manage the crisis, it is necessary to evaluate the vulnerability of different areas of the city in the face of that crisis and to plan for it according to the vulnerability of each area. Khorram Abad city is located in an area with high vulnerability to earthquakes, and the present study seeks to measure the vulnerability of Khorramabad areas to earthquakes.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection, it is a descriptive-analytical research, and in terms of data type, it is a quantitative research. In this research, using the detailed plan of 2014, the statistical blocks of 2015, and the opinions of 15 experts, the indicators were compiled and analyzed using the hierarchical analysis method of AHP with the use of Expert Choice 11 software, and to identify and prioritize the risk zones of the city areas. Khorram Abad against earthquake using ArcGIS 10.8 software.

In evaluating the vulnerability of urban areas in terms of earthquakes, building quality factors, age of the building structure, facade materials, number of floors, landuse, building density, width of roads, slope percentage, distance from fault, distance from green and open space, distance From the location of fuel, distance from medical centers, population density and worn-out fabric are effective. Also, the most important factors affecting the vulnerability of Khorramabad city areas to earthquakes include fabric wear, building quality, building age, and distance from the fault.

According to the results of the research, the central and southeastern areas of the city, which include 31% of the studied area, are in the high spectrum in terms of vulnerability, that is, areas 5 and 4 are the most vulnerable areas against earthquakes, followed by areas 7 and 17. , 18, 19 and 20 are highly vulnerable; and the remaining 52 percent have a good condition; The northeastern areas of the city are in the low vulnerability range, and areas 9, 16, 22 and 24, which comprise 17% of the studied area, have the least vulnerability to earthquakes.

The earthquake is one of the most important environmental hazards in many Iranian cities. In this regard, spatial assessment and micro-zoning of seismic vulnerability of cities are essential requirements in earthquake mitigation planning. In the present study, seismic vulnerability of Kermanshah metropolis is investigated. Crossing three important fault lines in the vicinity of Kermanshah city has caused earthquake hazard in this urban area. One of the main measures to reduce the vulnerability of Kermanshah city to earthquake risk is seismic assessment and zoning of the city in order to implement earthquake mitigation plans. In this context, 11 variables affecting the seismic vulnerability of the city were used. These variables are: fault distance, slope, lithology, population density, land use, residential density, and major communication networks, access to hospitals, operating radius of fire stations, and distance from hazardous facilities, and access to urban open spaces. Fuzzy TOPSIS technique was used to combine these variables in the context of GIS. The results show that about 32% of the area of Kermanshah is in a very high vulnerability class. Neighborhoods located in the central part of the city (the core of the city) are among the most vulnerable to earthquake hazards in Kermanshah. In this context, factors such as proximity to faults in the southern margin of the city, high population density, high residential density, marginalization, the presence of worn urban texture, and the lack or severe shortage of open urban spaces are among the most important causes of high vulnerability of these neighborhoods.

The need to pay attention to organizing an efficient housing and urban development system and the need to concentrate on new urban planning ideas and defense planning of the city to achieve the goals of urban defense seem very important. Nowadays, the housing system in cities is in a dilemma; on the one hand, the expansion of cities and the formation of new urban patterns, and on the other hand, worn-out and marginal urban textures that are somehow vulnerable to disasters and hazards. The present study used a descriptive-analytical method and library and field work with emphasis on the principles of passive defense and identification of the components and indicators of vulnerability and zoning of danger in four components of natural, physical, social and economic with 45 sub-indices. It also examined earthquake-vulnerable areas comprehensively as well as the neighborhood-spatial structure of Kermanshah urban areas in order to reduce the risk from a defense perspective. In this paper, with fundamental studies related to the spatial structure based on earthquake risk, the formation and collection of experts' opinions and its analysis in the form of taxonomic and Vikor models and the required database in ArcGIS software environment were drawn. In addition to risk zoning, vulnerable neighborhoods and settlements were identified and the necessary defense strategies were provided to reduce vulnerability.

The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the integrated management of earthquake threat in the drinking water supply chain process. A combined method was used to conduct this research. The statistical population in the qualitative phase was 14 experts in the field of water and wastewater, and in the quantitative phase, the employees working in the regional water company of Guilan province, from whom, 230 people were selected by non-probability method. In order to analyze the data, content analysis and structural equation modeling method and Smart PLS 3 software were used. The findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between integrated management solutions including retrofitting and updating of facilities, reserve resources, improvement regulations, detailed studies and tests, and the use of technical and human equipment with the threat of earthquakes, and the use of each of these solutions It can lead to the reduction of risks related to the time of earthquake in Rasht metropolis.

Nowadays, due to the increase in population and climate change, the probability of natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes are increasing. Therefore, the need for proper planning to reduce human and financial losses is felt more and more. Locating camps and   medical service centers is one of the measures that should be taken into account to deal with disaster conditions. In this research, camps and medical service centers’ locations have been investigated. According to the historical background of the city of Rudbar in the occurrence of a big earthquake and the location of this city on the active fault of Rudbar, this city was chosen for a case study.

Suitable places for the construction of camps and medical service centers were considered from previous researches and the opinion of the experts of the Center for Research and Resilience in Disasters and to rank the options, the compromise mixed solution method has been used.

At first, with the consultation of the experts of the Center for Research and Resilience in Disasters and Disasters and using previous researches, appropriate criteria were determined for prioritizing the candidate places for the construction of medical service centers and camps. Then, according to these criteria, the candidate places were first prioritized to determine the suitable place for the construction of medical service centers, according to the population of Rudbar city, 5 places were selected for the construction of medical service centers, and the other places were selected for the construction of the camp according to the appropriate criteria. In order to identify a suitable place for the construction of the camp, they were prioritized again. Hosp itals and schools are more suitable places to build medical service centers and schools and mosques are more suitable places to build camps.

The results show that the criteria of not being located on the fault, the presence of suitable infrastructure, and the distance from the disaster points are important criteria for choosing a medical service center, and criteria not being located on the fault, the presence of suitable infrastructure, and the distance from the medical service centers are important criteria for building a camp.

Crisis management is something that has received a lot of attention during the past decades because with the spread of environmental problems on the one hand and the increase of man-made crises on the other hand, it seems necessary to control these crises, both natural and man-made crisis control should be based on the factors that increase the effectiveness of crisis management, in this regard, managers can play an important role in crisis control or lack of control, the aim of this research was to investigate the impact of crisis management software on crisis control and the focus of this research on the crisis management of the Kermanshah earthquake, and the role of managers and software dimensions on the control of this crisis has been investigated, and the question has been raised that what was the position of the software dimensions of crisis management and managers in the November 2017 Kermanshah earthquake? To answer the above question, the qualitative content analysis method was used, and the statistical population of the research was 9 senior managers of Kermanshah province and Sarpol Zahab city, who played a role in controlling the above crisis. The findings of the research, which have been obtained according to McCarthy's information theory and the analysis of managers' interviews, have been that the software aspects of the crisis management of the November 2017 Kermanshah earthquake in platforms such as improving organizational communication capacity, planning in emergency situations, controlling tools to achieve goals and organization Forces from the managers and decision makers with the focus on creating trust and motivation has played a much more prominent role than the hardware aspects.

Disasters in recent years have shown that communities and individuals have become increasingly vulnerable and risks have increased. However, risk reduction and vulnerability are often overlooked until after the disaster. The occurrence of a possible earthquake is predicted and examined in line with the main purpose of this study.

This research is applied in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of implementation method.Theoretical data of the research were collected by library method and after extracting the indicators, spatial analysis of each index was obtained using FAlM model and GIS and Geoda software analysis.

Analyzes show that 35 deaths, 2,638 hospitalizations, 4,509 outpatients and 39,580 were healthy in the Style destruction scenario. In the average destruction scenario, 970 people died, 4509 were hospitalized, 7314 were hospitalized and 33969 were healthy. In the severe destruction scenario, 6079 people died, 7950 people were hospitalized, 10755 people were hospitalized and 21978 people were healthy. In the very serious destruction scenario, 7482 people died, 10288 people were hospitalized, 13093 people were hospitalized and 15899 people were healthy. Also in the scenario of complete destruction of 19172 deaths, 7482 hospitalizations, 9820 outpatients and 10288 healthy people.

In this research, we came to the conclusion that it is possible to calculate the degree of vulnerability to earthquakes using research indicators and to take control measures to reduce the effects of earthquakes based on prioritizing crisis management. Although in the event of an earthquake the central part of Kianpars neighborhood is more vulnerable, but in general it can be concluded that the use of the combined model FAlM in addition to assessing physical vulnerability in different parts of an area, can provide useful information about the situation during, before And after the occurrence of a crisis for the pathology of environmental rescue.

Crisis management planners for natural disaster-prone areas are looking for pre- and post-hazard decisions to reduce the consequences and bring the city back to normal as soon as possible. The intra-city transportation network, as one of the most vulnerable arteries, has a strategic role in the city's reversibility. Thus, effective tools are needed to identify this role in the event of a natural disaster.In this research, a model has been developed under GIS with the help of which the performance of the urban road network can be investigated after the earthquake with the help of Bayesian algorithm. This model can determine the damage caused by a seismic event, including the collapse of buildings and adjacent bridges in any path that leads to the blockage of the route and the probability of blockage of the routes. In this method, different earthquake scenarios in which different sources of uncertainties in the spatial and temporal distribution of earthquakes are considered, are applied to the study area. Damage to buildings and bridges in the area, along with various seismic damage control factors of the road network, has been estimated. The performed analyses have led to the production of maps of the possibility of obstruction of the existing routes in the road network for different cases of obstruction (no obstruction, low, medium, high). These maps show the condition of the roads immediately after the earthquake. By examining the results of this research, we will found out the very complex situation of roadblocks in the city of Babol, and by conducting such analyzes and producing these maps for possible future earthquakes, the weaknesses of transportation network can easily be spotted by city managers, and authorities will be assisted to improve the network effectively while finding a suitable route for relief and help. Moreover, the results can be used in planning for the return of the city to its original state after a possible earthquake.