جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

on the agenda of crisis management of Tabriz. One of the things to consider before constructing these databases is study and select a suitable location for the establishment of this type of use.In this study, a multi-location site of crisis management has been studied in Regions 4 and 10 of Tabriz Municipality. In the first instance, was paid to identify and analyze factors influencing site's Site selection. Raster maps were obtained after collection and preparation of the layers, and then weighting parameters was performed using the AHP in software Expertchoice. Next, the information layer, integrated with each other, based on fuzzy models, and finally combining the results of this stage, the options as desired location, were introduced, among their southern part of the four, was identified as the preferred option. Due to the geographic information system, in solving complex urban issues, and facilitate spatial analysis, has been applied, from ability of this system to prepare, integrate and analyze of layers.as a result of this extraction,bakhsh,south of the 4 region,has the address of a garden, which indicates the appointment of a suitable monthly residential property,such as sabz, amuzshi, warzahi, and … appropriate domestic policies and conditions this is priority to buy for the stability of this water.i am going to the place of my neighbourhood,and iam connected to it, park Hai Amir Kabir.

In addition to natural disasters such as floods, which cause great damage to the environment and human societies, the phenomenon of dust also causes irreparable damage to urban environments, transportation systems, respiratory systems, etc. Identifying Potential Dust Source Areas is considered the first step to control and prevent this phenomenon. Various researches have been conducted to identify dust sources, but most studies have relied on small-scale images. This research aims to use medium-scale satellite images to identify local areas prone to dust production. Google Earth Engine was used to analyze factors influencing dust generation, including slope, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), land use, soil salinity, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), soil moisture, wind speed, precipitation, and Land Surface Temperature (LST). Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to assign weights to these elements. The resulting weights were: soil moisture (0.264), NDVI (0.208), wind speed (0.153), precipitation (0.107), land use/soil salinity (0.081), LST (0.064), DEM (0.024), and slope (0.020). The inconsistency index (0.015) indicated a high degree of consistency between the assigned weights, which is below the acceptable threshold (1). Due to the lack of ground-based air quality measurements, the Aerosol Optical Depth product (a satellite-derived measurement of airborne particles) was used to validate the resulting dust source maps. The final map showed that the potential for dust generation decreased closer to the heights of Sahand and increased closer to the lake.

Urbanization is a socio-spatial process that is directly related to the expansion of urban areas and the growth of urban population. Developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom have already completed their urbanization processes. The urban spatial structure has a significant effect on the sustainable development of cities. One of the important stages of urban spatial structure analysis is the identification of urban centers.

 This research is of applied type and was done in Tabriz city in 1402. The data collection method is library and document. The investigated indicators included educational centers, banks, health centers, offices, sports venues, commercial centers, green spaces, tourist places, religious places, military places and parking lots in Tabriz city. After preparing the urban blocks and the desired data, the prepared information was added to all the urban blocks of Tabriz in ArcGIS software. Then, based on expert opinions, the appropriate range of distances from the desired facilities was determined using a 5-point Likert scale. In this research, the network analysis method was used to identify the central cores of the city.

According to the results of network analysis, the city had two big central cores in the city center and 2 sub-cores around the city. The final result was that the city of Tabriz was forming the next nuclei and becoming a multi-nuclear city.

Cultural centers in cities are of special importance and due to the large number of visits by citizens; they should be given the attention of urban planners. The location of cultural centers and how they are scattered in cities affect the amount of citizens' use of these centers. In recent decades, geographic information system as a computer-based technology has attracted the attention of many specialists in various fields. This technology has even been able to play an effective role in locating urban services in different parts of the country and numerous researches have been conducted for this purpose. Khorramabad city in the center of Lorestan province does not have a proper distribution of cultural centers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the current state of cultural centers in Khorramabad city in terms of locating and identifying suitable places for building new cultural centers. The research method is that first the effective factors in locating cultural centers are identified. Then, these factors are prepared in the form of information layers and weighted. Finally, suitable places for the construction of cultural centers are determined by summing up the weights of the information layers.. All the above steps have been done using Arc GIS software. The research results show that the cultural centers in Khorram Abad city are not properly distributed. By using the capabilities of geographic information technology and considering the effective factors in the location of cultural centers, it is possible to determine suitable places for the construction of new cultural centers.

Intelligent emergency response systems utilize modern technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) to enhance the performance of emergency response units. These systems are designed to improve service quality, reduce costs, and increase monitoring of the emergency response process. Key objectives include optimizing emergency response routes through communication with objects and collecting spatial data. Utilizing IoT-based routing models enables optimizing emergency response routes and enhancing the overall user experience. In essence, these systems leverage data collected by IoT to enhance the emergency response process. Intelligent emergency response systems play a crucial role in improving the efficiency of emergency response units and elevating service levels in emergencies. These systems are readily available and enhance productivity and efficiency in emergencies.

A spatial data infrastructure has been developed to integrate the system and enhance emergency response efforts, providing critical capabilities for improving emergency medical services. This infrastructure includes a portal that accurately displays the optimal route from the incident location to the medical center on a map, assisting the medical team in quickly and efficiently reaching the injured individual. Additionally, this portal enables the transfer of sensor information, such as vital signs of the injured person, to the physician's mobile phone in the ambulance via Bluetooth. This allows the information to be shared simultaneously for further assessment, enabling quick and accurate assistance in emergencies. This system increases efficiency and speed in responding to emergencies, providing rapid and optimal access to medical services. In summary, this spatial data infrastructure has significantly improved the performance of emergency medical response and facilitated the delivery of enhanced and optimized services in emergencies.

Medical centers prioritize healthcare and treatment. They employ an online hierarchical weighting model to ascertain these priorities and enhance the efficiency of resource allocation processes. This model helps optimize resource allocation based on real-time health information of the injured individuals. In a trial case, an injured person was successfully treated in District 5 of Tehran. The efficient use of IoT and spatial data infrastructure enabled this medical center to enhance and optimize its healthcare services. These findings underscore the significance of integrating spatial information, medical data, and IoT technology to advance healthcare services and elevate the quality of treatment.

Traditional emergency response systems operate primarily based on outdated mechanisms and lack modern technologies, including IoT and spatial data integration. Consequently, these systems may encounter challenges such as delays in dispatching emergency personnel to the incident location and a lack of accurate and rapid patient information. Incorporating modern technologies like artificial intelligence, IoT, and geographic information systems can address the challenges faced by traditional emergency response systems. These technologies enable faster and more efficient crisis responses and assist organizations, such as crisis management agencies, in making better resource allocation decisions during emergencies, thereby improving overall performance. By utilizing data collected through these technologies, emergency organizations can significantly enhance their response to emergencies, reducing time, financial, and human costs. Overall, this new approach to emergency response systems enables better adaptability in facing various crises and improves emergency response efficiency.

The challenges of urban life, such as the reduction of the environment's role as a space for citizens' presence and physical activity, the increase in vehicle usage, and the resultant inactivity and rise in non-communicable diseases, have raised global concerns about public health. This research aims to evaluate both subjectively and objectively the environmental criteria affecting the general health of residents in three dimensions: physical, psychological, and social, within the Agha Zaman neighborhood of Sanandaj city.

The collection of subjective and objective research data was conducted sequentially. The research was divided into four phases. The first phase involved a subjective qualitative assessment of residents regarding their mental and social health. The second phase involved collecting quantitative subjective data about residents' physical health. The third phase was a quantitative objective assessment of the environment. The fourth phase examined the correlation between the research variables. Subjective data were obtained using a questionnaire, while objective data were gathered using a geographic information system (GIS). Regression analysis in SPSS software was used to analyze the relationship between neighborhood environmental criteria and physical activities, and to determine the relationship between variables. Objective data, such as the type of block arrangement, spatial pattern of the neighborhood, land use layer, and road network, were calculated using GIS and entered into the space syntax index to determine the neighborhood's pedestrianization. Finally, the relationships and effects of environmental criteria on public health were identified using regression analysis in Lisrel software.

The results showed that environmental comfort and tranquility, with a score of 23, and social interactions and neighborhood culture, with a score of 21, have the greatest impact on mental and social health, respectively. Additionally, environmental criteria such as a mix of uses (score: 5.671), visual and aesthetic qualities (score: 7.961), and special infrastructure for pedestrians and bicycles (score: 8.475) have the most significant impact on physical work, leisure, and sports activities. Consequently, these criteria influence physical health. According to the data, Namaki Street, with a score of 21, has the highest level of connectivity, interconnection, depth, and control within the neighborhood, leading to the highest level of pedestrian circulation.

The overall results indicate that due to the direct impact and relationship of urban design environmental criteria on physical activities, and the positive and meaningful relationship between physical activities and general health, it is evident that the general health of residents is related to the environmental criteria of urban design. However, this relationship is mediated by physical activities.

unplanned urban physical development inflicts irreparable damages such as Land use change causes, vegetation loss, an increase in the temperature of the earth's surface, an increase in the price of residential land, and the tendency to marginalization becomes unplanned. In this research, To investigate urban changes during a 25-year study period from 1995 to 2020 to prevent the mentioned damages due to physical development without a plan three Landsat images for analysis were obtained from the USGS website. Pre-processing and processes to identify the changes on the images to estimate the physical development were done in ArcGIS and ENVI software, the surface temperature was extracted, the marginal areas were determined, the change map was obtained and finally the results were validated. The results showed that in 2020 and 2015, the temperature of the earth's surface in the northern and northeastern regions is higher than in other directions of the city, during 2020-1995, about 1850 hectares have been added to the area of urban areas. The main reason for the physical development of Zahedan city in the east and northeast direction is the expansion of marginalization in agricultural lands. Also, one of the reasons for the expansion of the city of Zahedan in the south and southwest direction is the presence of industrial towns and administrative centers such as universities. Therefore, due to the increase of built-up lands (marginal areas), the agricultural land in the north and northeast of Zahedan City has decreased and its temperature has increased. It is necessary to continuously monitor urban changes so that urban managers can carefully plan for the physical development of cities to prevent uncontrolled urban physical development and its possible future risks.

Passive defense is an important issue such that developed countries have dedicated an important part of their comprehensive and national plans to this matter. In developing countries such as Iran, where urban infrastructure is still under construction, the need to pay attention to passive defense to reduce the damages is more important. The present study aims to locate the optimal places for multipurpose urban shelters based on the principles of passive defense in Isfahan, Iran.

Ten indicators were selected for locating the optimal places based on four main criteria (demographic, functional, physical and natural/environmental). Their coefficients of importance were determined using the analysis network process (ANP) method. The coefficients were used in the information layers in the GIS software, version 10.5. By overlaying the layers, the optimal areas for constructing urban shelters were identified.

Two demographic and functional criteria with weights of 0.429 and 0.321, respectively, were the most important criteria and two indicators of “distance from the crowded places” and “distance from the centers prone to enemy attacks” were the most important indicators with weights of 0.303 and 0.126, respectively. The results of the combined analysis (ANP-GIS) showed that the northeastern and southeastern regions were the optimal areas for constructing urban shelters.

It is necessary to use the principles and operational strategies of non-active defense with emphasis on the principle of neighborhood for the location of urban shelters. The innovation of the present research is in the indicators used and also the scope of the study.

Considering the correct criteria in determining the route of roads can play a major role in reducing economic costs, increasing safety and access to roads, along with preserving the environment, and provide the basis for the growth and prosperity of the region. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type and was conducted with the aim of identifying a low-cost and safe route to connect Ardabil city with the center of the country through Tabriz-Zanjan freeway. The data required to conduct the research, which includes elevation points obtained from the Google Erath image and the OLI Landsat-9 satellite image, were collected. Digital height model, topography map, slope map were extracted from Google Earth image and land use map from Landsat satellite image. Then, the current Ardabil-Sarcham road route was digitized from the Google Earth image, and the condition of the road was examined from the perspective of the slope, and dangerous slopes were identified. In the last stage, using the Geographical Information System Builder model and using Dijkstra's algorithm, the least expensive route from Ardabil to Sarcham has been identified by considering the slope factor and then by simultaneously considering the two factors of slope and land use in the region. The results of the research show that the optimal proposed route is much better and safer than the current route from Ardabil to Sarcham both in terms of road length and road slope and land use, so that the length of the road is reduced by 25 km and 43 km from the route It has a slope of up to 10% and was dangerous, it has been reduced to 23 km and this reduction will reduce the economic costs, more safety for travelers and native residents of the region. Also, in the proposed route, the crossing of the first-class pastures has been reduced from 36 km to 22 km, and the crossing of the water fields, which previously covered 26 km, has been reduced to 13 km in the optimal proposed route, and this has an important impact on It will protect the environment.

The urban environment has a special place in meeting the needs and satisfaction of people and therefore quality is measured not only based on the objective environment but also based on people's perception of the environment to which they belong. Therefore, the present study has evaluated the quality of the urban environment of the newly established neighborhoods of Shahrekord with a descriptive-analytical method based on library studies and field studies. According to the purpose of the research, quantitative and statistical methods such as multiple regression, structural equations and fuzzy multivariate analysis in GIS environment have been used to assess the environmental quality of the target areas. In this model, in LISREL software, 54 quality indicators of urban environment in the form of 4 physical, economic, social and environmental indicators have been studied and SPSS software has been used for statistical analysis and ArcGIS software has been used to draw analytical maps. . Findings show that in terms of having environmental quality indicators, priority in the western Mirabad neighborhood, physical, environmental, social and economic indicators with 0.599, 0.539, 0.378 and 0.324, respectively. Percentage and neighborhood of Farhangian alley have priority, physical, economic, environmental and social index with 0.412, 0.260, 0.254 and 0.225 percent, respectively, have the most role in the environmental quality of Shahrekord, which shows the variables of satisfaction. From the physical-environmental quality of the neighborhoods, it has the greatest effect on improving the quality of life in the newly established neighborhoods. Also, in examining the situation of Shahrekord, there was an obvious difference in the level of satisfaction of the residents of Mirabad Gharbi and Farhangian alleys.

Population growth and urbanization have reduced the per capita access to many social and economic facilities and its consequences have been manifested in a decrease in the quality of life in various urban areas.Tabriz metropolis, like most major cities in the country, is the bedrock of spatial inefficiency in the regions to benefit from public urban services, especially educational services. The need to pay attention to educational use as the most basic urban public services is very important due to the youth of our country. This research has analyzed the distribution of educational centers in Tabriz, especially girls' schools in the first and second secondary school, from the point of view of spatial justice. The research method is descriptive-analytical. In order to achieve the research objectives, GIS software has been used to determine the operating radius of these units and the per capita of these units has been calculated and compared with the standard per capita and the amount of shortage or surplus of these services has been determined. In order to rank these schools, indicators have been determined and these indicators have been weighed using the Topsis technique. Finally, the schools have been ranked from excellent to very poor in terms of the desired indicators and have shown their distribution in the city of Tabriz Has been. The result is that the largest number of schools are ranked as poor schools and only 7 schools are excellent according to the desired indicators, which are located in areas 1 and 3.The urban management of Tabriz metropolis needs to pay attention to areas deprived of the educational services index.

Nowadays, the extensive and complex nature of crime necessitates the adoption of more effective measures beyond the development of judicial institutions, enactment of restrictive laws, imposition of stricter penalties, and law enforcement measures. Thus, attention should be directed towards effective variables in crime prevention such as acquiring documented, credible, and valid information as well as accurate analysis for reducing crime rates. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, with access to analytical and specialized functions, enables the virtual simulation of criminal incidents, marking a significant step in data analysis, pattern design, time and location prediction, and identification of critical points. Currently, GIS is extensively utilized in crime prevention, enabling the collection of spatial data from various sources and its utilization by law enforcement authorities. This system facilitates the analysis of crime patterns and the identification of high-risk areas, as well as contributes to the planning and execution of crime prevention strategies and security resource management. This article employs a descriptive-analytical method to examine the utilization of GIS in police and law enforcement matters.

Spatial analysis of such crimes can provide a clear geographical perspective for planning and policing management in the protection territoriesof urban areas. The main goal of the current research is the spatial analysis of theft crimes in Esfarayen city.

This inqury in terms of purpose, is of the type of applied research, and in terms of methodological approach, it is based on description and spatial analysis. The area under study is the city of Esfarayen, located in North Khorasan province. The data used includes 945 cases of theft crimes in a one-year period, from 21-3-2021 to 3-3-2022, which were received from the police force command of Esfarayen city. Excel and ArcGIS software were used for data analysis.

Most of the shop thefts are related to the central core of the city (ImamKhomeini and Motahari Streets). In terms of car theft, the most thefts in the central core of the city are (Taleghani, ImamReza, ImamKhomeini, Motahari, Farumandi, Moalem, and Valiasr streets). Important thefts Most of the houses happened in more prosperous neighborhoods and the theft of private places occurred on ImamKhomeini, Motahari, SheikhAzari, the beginning of ValiAsr and the beginning of ImamReza streets, and the theft of car accessories occurred on ImamKhomeini-ImamReza-Talqani-Moalem and Motahari streets.

according to the findings, the spatial patterns of the formation of theft hot spots in the city of Esfarayen are affected by the decline of economic indicators, social and cultural problems, poverty, Drugs addiction, divorce, unemployment and urban marginalization.

The accurate locating and design of industrial areas can be considered a robust step taken to improve the environment, develop industries, and accurate and logical growth of urban and rural areas. In this research, the number of pollutants is measured during the 30 days of November 2023 to examine and analyze the impact of industrial uses of Tabriz City on its air pollution, and its location and placement in Tabriz have increased the air pollution indicators. The mentioned indicators are revised and examined based on the collected data and available data of research through Geographic Information System (GIS) and using library and analytical methods such as the IDW method.

the variables examined in this study included pollutants and their types over the 30 days of November 2022 in Tabriz Metropolis, which is done through library and data collection methods. Carbon monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and (PM10), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Ozon were collected based on the point method in Kajvar, Hakim Nezami, Azerbaijan Square, Hotel Marmar, Namaz Square, Rah Ahan, Bagheshmal, Abresan, and Behdasht Stations. These data are prepared and expressed as pollutant distribution maps for each pollutant in the form of descriptive maps through ARC GIS software based on the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method.

The results show that the location of industrial areas in Tabriz does not affect the air pollution rate of Tabriz, and has no negative effect on increasing air pollution in Tabriz.

Today, fires represent a significant hazard stemming from both natural occurrences and human activities, presenting multifaceted challenges across urban settings. Fire stations emerge as pivotal service hubs within cities, necessitating strategic placement to ensure timely and dependable response, unimpeded by urban constraints. This study endeavors to devise a suitable model for the establishment and distribution of fire stations in Ardabil city. The research methodology is predominantly descriptive-analytical, employing a combination of documentary studies, library research, and field surveys for data collection. The Moran index is utilized to assess the distribution pattern of existing fire stations, while the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method, facilitated by Super Decisions software, is employed to weigh 16 criteria determining optimal station locations. Subsequently, the Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS) model, within the ArcGIS software framework, is utilized to identify suitable zones for new fire station placement. Findings reveal gaps in coverage by existing stations concerning functional radius and population density, indicating a need for 11 additional stations to adequately serve Ardabil's population of 516,277. The Moran index underscores the randomness of the current station distribution pattern. Ultimately, the study delineates suitable areas for new station deployment across five distinct levels on a map. This research serves as a valuable resource for crisis management in Ardabil, offering insights into the current state and distribution pattern of fire stations, as well as delineating areas for new station establishment.     

At present and in the future, ensuring safety in life is essential for human beings. Fire stations are one of the most important and vital centers for providing security in the city in critical situations. Fire stations can provide their services in a timely and safe manner if they are located in suitable places and can reach the accident site in the shortest time and without facing obstacles and limitations of the urban environment. The most important problem in servicing these centers is the lack of proper distribution of stations and the limited operating radius of existing stations. This has also been true of locating fire stations in the city of Ardabil; and every year, many people lose their lives and property due to various accidents, including fires. It is involved in the spatial distribution of municipal services, including fire stations. As 7 fire stations in the city are not able to serve the whole city. Therefore, in this research, spatial distribution and suitable zones for locating fire stations in Ardabil city are done using Fuzzy Topsis model in GIS software.

Stations in Ardabil by the end of 1399 were extracted from the official statistics of the fire department and transferred to the GIS environment and the necessary analyzes were performed using spatial statistical techniques. By determining the status of existing stations and research objectives, we have identified suitable areas for locating fire stations. In general, the location selection process in this research can be expressed in four general parts: 1. determining the study area, 2. Determining the evaluation or decision criteria, 3. determining the weight of the criteria, and 4. Weight and overlapping criteria maps. Accordingly, after selecting the study area, the criteria affecting the location of fire stations were selected from different sources and in the next step, the criteria were weighted based on the opinions of experts using the network analysis method in Super Design software. After determining the weight of the selected criteria, using the Fuzzy Topsis model in the GIS software environment, the criteria were evaluated and finally, a combination map of the criteria that showed the best place to build a fire station was extracted.

This study achieved its main goal, which was to determine the appropriate locations for the location of new fire stations. However, in order to complete the issue in the next step, based on the appropriate zones for locating fire stations, suggested sites for constructing new fire stations have been proposed. According to the population of Ardabil and the standard of one fire station for every thousand people, 4 fire stations are required for the city. In this research, in order of priority and based on the set of research criteria, stations in the priority of location selection are marked with numbers. There is no certainty in choosing the location of new stations and it depends on economic conditions, managerial decision making, traffic conditions, budget and facilities of municipalities and other dynamic and difficult conditions in terms of forecasting. In the proposal of new stations, attention has been paid to building density and highway network. The proposed stations cover the city well. The obtained results are in line with the findings of Nazari et al. (2015), based on the need of the city to create new stations. It also confirms the results of Warsi et al. (2015) that the number of available stations is not enough to cover the entire city. Moreover, the results of this study are consistent with the findings of Noheghar et al. Except for these cases, the results of the paper are based on Murray (2013) findings that the existing stations are located in an inappropriate position. And is consistent with the results of Janek (2013) on the need to use new methods and especially the new scientific and executive approach to the problems of fire stations in the city.

One of the most important factors influencing the construction of fire stations is the location, and determining the optimal location maximizes the efficiency of fire stations and provides better services to users. With this in mind, fire stations should be properly located throughout the city. In this research, in the first step, the status and distribution pattern of existing fire stations in Ardebil city were analyzed using spatial analysis techniques in GIS environment. The results showed that fire stations do not completely cover all areas of the city and only cover part of the city of Ardabil and part of the east and west and the suburbs of the city are outside this radius of operation. In the second step, the pattern of distribution of existing stations was analyzed and the results showed that the pattern of distribution of stations in the city is random. Due to the need of the city for new stations or their spatial rearrangement, in the third step, suitable locations for the location of new fire stations were identified using the main criteria affecting the location

In order to achieve a sustainable transportation network, different transportation alternatives should be available. Given the issues caused by transportation, such as air pollution, heavy traffic, and rapidly grown use of motor vehicles on the one hand, and the advantages of bicycle-sharing systems, including lower investment, high adaptability to the environment, proper energy consumption, and smart growth of cities, on the other hand, urban planners have given special attention to such systems. An important factor determining the success of a bicycle-sharing system is the location of bike-sharing stations concerning different criteria of travel demand. Therefore, a bike-sharing station should be constructed in areas so that it can have the highest performance. This study is descriptive in terms of methodology and applied in terms of the goals. Fifteen criteria effective in determining the proper location for bike-sharing stations in District two of Kerman, Iran, were determined according to the study area. The importance coefficients of the criteria were determined using the AHP method from the perspective of experts experienced in this field. Then, in order to obtain the bike-sharing station options, the information layers were combined, the weights obtained from the hierarchical analysis were introduced, and the data were analyzed using the functions and tools of the Geographic Information System (GIS). Eventually, the results indicated 34 optimum locations for bike-sharing stations in District two of Kerman. according to the results obtained from fuzzy maps in the form of a template, it is suggested: Based on the results of the research, 34 points were identified as suitable locations for the shared bicycle station. For this purpose, it is suggested to the authorities to use the results of this research in future plans for the establishment of a shared bicycle station.

Evaluation and quantification of the quality of urban life is one of the important and key prerequisites in urban planning and development. The purpose of this study is to provide a strategy based on a multi-criteria decision-making system to evaluate the quality of urban life. For this purpose, 8 environmental criteria and 6 infrastructure criteria were used. The weight of the effective criteria was calculated based on the opinion of experts using the BWM. Then, the OWA method was exerted to produce urban life quality maps in different mental scenarios. Finally, the spatial distribution of the population in different classes of quality of urban life was evaluated. Among the infrastructural and environmental criteria, population density and air pollution had the most significant impact on the quality of urban life. The quality of urban life maps in different scenarios showed that with the increase in the degree of optimism, the area of the classes with high and very high quality of urban life increases, and with the decrease of the degree of optimism, the area of the classes with high and very high quality of urban life decreases. The results of this study showed that a high percentage of the population in the urban environment lives in conditions of low quality of urban life, which indicates the necessity of evaluating the current state of the quality of urban life and planning to improve the existing state.

The growth of cities since the beginning of the 20th century, the exponential increase of the urban population, the inappropriate and disorganized physical growth, and the quantitative approach to urban planning and neighborhoods have changed the culture of neighborhoods, inter-neighborhood migrations, and dissatisfaction with the quality of urban environments, which has been accompanied by the loss of identity and sense of belonging among residents. Therefore, to deal with such a trend, an approach called the quality of urban life has been proposed to create a desirable urban life. This approach is based on the belief that urban places, as part of human identity, also form an emotional bond between people and their surroundings. Therefore, paying attention to the quality of urban life can create a sense of belonging and identity in citizens towards the urban environment. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the quality of urban life in District 2 of Tehran by insisting on risk in decision-making. To achieve this goal, a risk-based expert system based on a geographic information system will be used. This system's ability is flexible in creating a wide range of scenarios (very optimistic to very pessimistic).

The spatial data in this study includes satellite-based data, location-based field data, and spatial layers collected from related organizations. The research method in this study includes five steps. In the first stage, using past studies and experts' opinions, effective criteria for the quality of urban life were identified, and a spatial database of these data was created. In the second stage, due to the different sources of the collected data, the pre-processing operation was done on the data first. Then, according to the type of criterion, a map of the criteria was prepared using spatial analysis in GIS. Normalization of the criteria map, calculation of weight, and importance of criteria and sequential weights were done in the third stage. In the fourth step, using the ordered weighted averaging method, quality of urban life maps was prepared in different decision-making scenarios for environmental and infrastructure dimensions. Also, at this stage, the final quality of urban life maps was prepared by combining the two considered dimensions. Finally, in the fifth stage, an assessment of population distribution in urban quality of life classes was done.

In this study, in the environmental dimension, air pollution, discomfort index, and vegetation cover criteria had the highest weight, and elevation, distance from stream network, and distance from fault had the lowest weight. Also, in terms of infrastructure, population density and distance from the road network have the most weight, and the criteria of distance from industrial areas and medical centers have the least weight. The visual evaluation of the quality of urban life maps in the environmental dimension shows that the eastern and central half of the studied area has a better quality of urban life than other regions. This is due to the adjustment of the urban microclimate in accordance with the increase of vegetation, reduction of air pollution, and improvement of the condition of discomfort index towards the eastern and central parts, directly affecting other environmental indicators. Regarding infrastructural criteria, the areas located north of the study area have the worst quality of urban life, and most areas with very low quality of urban life are located in these areas. However, the central parts of the studied region have a more favorable quality of urban life than other parts. The road network infrastructure, subway stations, medical centers, and parks are more concentrated in these areas than in others.
The combination of urban life quality maps in environmental and infrastructure dimensions showed that with the increase in the degree of optimism, the area of the areas located in the high and very high quality of urban life class increases, and the area of the areas located in the low and very low quality of urban life class decreases. So, the very low, low, medium, high, and very high quality of urban life in the very pessimistic scenario was 11.84, 20.07, 11.17, 3.73, and 1.58 km2, respectively. In a very optimistic scenario, these values would reach 3.46, 6.42, 13.79, 15.78, and 8.96 km2.

From an environmental point of view, air pollution and distance from the fault criteria, respectively, have the most and the least impact on modeling the quality of urban life. Also, in terms of infrastructure, the population density criterion has the most impact, and the distance from industrial areas criterion has the least impact in modeling the quality of urban life. The central and eastern regions of the studied region have better urban life quality conditions than other regions. With the increase in the degree of optimism, the area of the areas located in the class of high and very high quality of urban life increases, and the area of the areas located in the class of low and very low quality of urban life decreases. In the very pessimistic, pessimistic, intermediate, optimistic, and very optimistic scenarios, respectively, 5.31, 7.94, 10.24, 14.66, and 24.73 square kilometers of the studied area have suitable urban life quality conditions (high and very high class). In a very pessimistic state, 650,963 and 9,162 thousand people of the study area population are located in areas with unsuitable (low and very low class) and suitable (high and very high) quality of urban life, respectively. The results of this study can be useful for managers and planners to implement plans and programs to improve the quality of urban life.

Since the land surrounding the city, especially in Iranian cities, is considered as a supporting environment for the city, and at the same time, a large part of Iranian cities are created behind the banks of agricultural lands and natural and human phenomena. Paying attention to determining a suitable direction for the future growth and development of the city is very important. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to find the optimal location of the physical expansion of Sardasht City using the combined Hasse method and the fuzzy network analytical process (FANP) of the spatial information system. 

The method of the current research is practical and analytical in terms of its descriptive nature, in order to achieve the goal of the research, different layers of information, including height, percentage of slope, slope direction, distance from main roads, distance from the city center, distance from areas Forest protection, distance from water sources, land use, distance from waterways and distance from watersheds are included in ARC GIS software and while analyzing them in geographic information system database using FANP, lands It was found suitable for the future physical development of Sardasht City.

The results of the research showed that based on the overlap map obtained, which is the result of fuzzy models and  analytic network process (ANP), the best lands for the future development of Sardasht City are scattered in the south, southwest, northeast and west parts of the city. Also, the most unsuitable parts in this field are scattered in the east, northwest and parts of the west of the city

According to the findings of the research, the completely suitable and relatively suitable floor is located in the south, southwest, northeast and west parts. Unsuitable floors are located in the south end of the city and small parts are scattered in the study area. The completely inappropriate class includes the north, northwest, east and parts of the western areas of the city.

The increasing occurrence of natural or human-caused hazards is a significant global concern. These hazards often strike unexpectedly and, due to their intensity, frequency, and complexity, can inflict considerable damage on humans and their accomplishments. This article offers an overview of utilizing remote sensing technologies for managing natural hazards. It focuses on enhancing our understanding of the built environment’s vulnerability to such hazards and on developing methods to more accurately assess their impact on urban areas.

To evaluate the effectiveness of remote sensing technology in risk management, this paper presents several case studies, including the 1999 Marmara earthquake in Turkey, the 2003 Bam earthquake in Iran, and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. These studies are based on library research and analysis of results. The paper concludes with a discussion on potential future directions of remote sensing in hazard management, exploring the technological advances and challenges that could broaden its application in addressing future hazards.

Analysis of sources indicates that remote sensing technology is highly effective in assessing damage post-disaster, monitoring recovery and reconstruction progress, and enhancing knowledge about urban infrastructure. Establishing a comprehensive and accurate database of critical infrastructure is essential for emergency risk management, as it provides a baseline for estimating actual damage and related losses following an event. Immediate damage assessment after a natural or man-made hazard is crucial for initiating the response process and informing the prioritization of relief efforts and initial damage evaluations. The integration of GPS-based technologies with GIS systems has notably improved field detection efforts after major disasters, underscoring the importance of these technologies in disaster response.

Over the past decades, remote sensing technology has seen widespread use in assessing the impact of earthquakes, tsunamis, storms, floods, forest fires, and terrorist attacks. The research findings clearly indicate that remote sensing technology, leveraging satellite imagery with high spatial resolution and widespread availability, can effectively contribute to all facets of crisis management.