جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « چغندرقند » در نشریات گروه « علوم پایه »

Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses, the increasing spread of which reduces the growth and yield of agricultural plants, in this regard, identifying sugar beet cultivars tolerant to salinity stress to improve quantitative and qualitative yield is of particular importance. For this purpose, research was conducted to investigate the physiological characteristics of some sugar beet genotypes under salt stress in 2019. This experiment was carried out factorially in the form of randomized complete blocks with three replications in Mohaghegh Ardabili University under greenhouse conditions. The experimental factors included different genotypes of sugar beet (9 genotypes) as the first factor and salinity stress as the second factor at four levels (control and 4, 8 and 12 dS/m). The results showed that the effects of salinity stress on chlorophyll content, soluble protein, proline content, soluble sugars and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) of different sugar beet cultivars were significant. Higher levels of salinity stress (12 dS/m) caused a significant increase in soluble protein, proline content, soluble sugars and activity of catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes compared to other levels of salinity stress and the control treatment. Whereas, the highest content of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll was observed in cultivars number 15 and 4 in the treatment of not applying salt stress. Among the studied genotypes, genotypes No. 6, 15 and 20 had the highest activity of antioxidant enzymes under the condition of 12 dS/m salinity stress. Therefore, at higher levels of salinity stress, resistant sugar beet cultivars prevent the reduction of photosynthetic pigment content by improving the content of compatible osmolytes and antioxidant activities through correct membrane structure.

In recent decades, various non-destructive technologies have been used to evaluate the quality of fruits and vegetables. Among these methods, hyperspectral imaging has been noticed by researchers as a non-destructive, fast and minimal environmental pollution method to evaluate the properties of agricultural products. The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of variety, duration and storage conditions on the quality properties of sugar beet and also the feasibility of using hyperspectral images as a new and non-destructive technique in measuring quality properties. Three sugar beet cultivars including Agrit, Muriel and Shokofa cultivars in three different storage conditions (1- in storage conditions with protection 2- without protection i.e., in atmospheric conditions 3- subsoil and the same field conditions) for 45 days of storage and then ultraspectral imaging in the mode Reflectance and in the wavelength range of 400 to 1100 nm was measured once every 15 days. In the next step, the properties of the samples (including soluble solids (SSC), mechanical properties, sugar content, moisture percentage and pH) were determined based on destructive methods. Because the acquired spectra have noise, the effects of disturbing factors were minimized through various pre-processing to provide clearer data for modeling the qualitative characteristics of the samples. Finally, modeling was done using the resulting data from hyperspectral imaging and reference tests based on the least square regression (PLS) method, and in the last step, after validating the resulting models, the most appropriate model was selected. The results show that the hyperspectral imaging method can be used as a valuable tool to predict the quality properties of sugar beet during the storage period.

In order to identify the agrotechnological features on sugar yield and determine the cause and effect relationships between them, 13 different domestic and foreign monogerm varieties of sugar beet were evaluated in a completely randomized design with four replications in terms of 11 important quantitative and qualitative traits in the station Miandoab Agricultural Research Station during three different harvest dates (October 15, October 30, and November 15) in the crop year 2017. The results of analysis of variance showed that the differences between the studied cultivars in terms of all evaluated traits were significant at p≤0.01. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity coefficients were high for most of the traits, which indicates relatively high diversity in the studied cultivars for the evaluated traits. The genetic correlation coefficients between the traits showed that the highest positive and significant correlation was between the sugar yield trait and the pure sugar yield traits (0.88), gross sugar percentage (0.71), and pure sugar percentage (0.65) in this order while there was a negative and significant correlation between the sugar yield trait and the traits of molasses sugar content (-0.62), alkalinity coefficient (-0.58), and root potassium content (-0.52). In the step-by-step multiple regression analysis, sugar percentage traits, gross sugar percentage, harmful nitrogen content and root yield were entered into the regression model in that order, which justified 84% of the total sugar yield. Based on the results of causality analysis, the traits of gross sugar percentage (1.12) and root yield (1.03) respectively had the most direct effect on sugar yield, so selection based on these traits can help us achieve the genotypes with high sugar yields.

Biodiversity and sustainable development are important goals in environmental protection that in order to have high biodiversity, it is necessary to identify and preserve ecosystems and all species of animals and plants as well as microorganisms in it. Predator bugs (Heteroptera) are efficient predators in most agroecosystems, which have powerful role for control of agricultural pests. These beneficial insects were evaluated under four categories a/ species diversity, b/ percentage of relative abundance and structure of species composition, c/ habitat similarity index, and d/ population fluctuation in sugar beet fields of six provinces (Isfahan, Hamadan, Golestan, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, West Azarbaijan and Khuzestan) during 2009-2013. In this research, in total of 24 species under six families, Anthocoridae (eight species, two genera), Geocoridae (three species, single genus), Miridae (three species, single genus), Nabidae (three species, single genus) and Reduviidae (seven species, seven genera) were collected and identified. Additionally, totally 216 specimens of predator bugs were collected from sugar beet fields, which Orius albidipennis, O. laevigatus and O. laticollis with 11.1%, 10.6% and 9.7% of percentage of relative abundance, respectively have the highest abundance among all the species and are dominant species. The highest habitat similarity was obtained between Myandoab (West Azarbaijan province) and Dezful (Khuzestan province) (57.1%). The maximum population density (3.92) was obtained in July.

In order to identify traits affecting sugar yield and determine cause and effect relationships between them, 13 different domestic and foreign sugar beet monogerm cultivars were evaluated at three different harvest time (7 October, 22 October, and 6 November) in a RCB design with four replications in terms of 11 important quantitative and qualitative traits in 2018 crop season in Miandoab Agricultural Research Station. The ANOVA results showed that the difference between studied cultivars was significant for all evaluated traits at 0.01 probability level. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were high for most traits, indicating relatively high variability in the studied cultivars for evaluated traits. Genetic correlation coefficients between traits showed that the highest positive and significant correlations were observed between sugar yield trait on the one hand and white sugar yield (0.88**), impure sugar content (0.71**) and white sugar content (0.65**) traits in that order, and the highest negative and significant correlation was found between sugar yield trait on the one hand and molasses sugar (-0.62**), alkalinity coefficient (-0.58**), and root potassium (-0.52**) traits, in that order. In multiple regression analysis by stepwise method, sugar content, white sugar content, α-amino nitrogen, and root yield traits were entered into the regression model, respectively, that explained %84 of the total sugar yield variations. Based on path analysis results, sugar content (1.12) and root yield (1.03) traits had the highest positive direct effect on sugar yield and thus, selection based on these traits can help us to achieve high-yielding genotypes.

Considering the effect of salinity stress on the quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet genotypes, it seems necessary to study the response of genotypes obtained from breeding programs to salinity stress. For this purpose, 17 full-sib genotypes (derived from sibling crossing) with 7 different tolerant control under two salinity stress (electrical conductivity 17.36 dsm) and without stress conditions, in a completely randomized block design with 3 replicates were studied at Miandoab Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2017. The results showed that salinity increased sugar content, alkalinity coefficient, percent of sugar extracted, molasses sugar, sodium content, potassium content, leaf freshness index and relative water loss and decreased root yield, net sugar yield, sugar yield, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, nitrogen, potassium to sodium ratio, syrup purity and Ratio of weight to root volume. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for leaf area, leaf freshness index, relative water content and leaf specific weight. In root and sugar yield, only a significant difference was observed between full-sib genotypes in normal conditions at 1% level. The full-sib 16, 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 10 and controls 18, 23, 24 and 25 had the highest and, full-sibs 11 and 12 had the lowest root yield under normal conditions. As the same way, full-sibs 7, 8, 1 and 10 had the highest and full-sib 6 had the lowest sugar yield.

Modification of planting season from spring to autumn in order to use green water, has been introduced as an effective and consistent agronomic strategy with climate change. For this purpose and in order to increase the cultivation of autumn sugar beet as a strategic crops in increasing the self-sufficiency of sugar in the country, it is necessary to implement research programs including determining the appropriate growth period duration, that recognition of them is needed to achieve optimal yield. Therefore, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Darreh shahr, Ilam, Iran, in 2015-2016 growing seasons. Investigated factors were three planting dates (5 October, 19 October, 16 November) and two harvest dates (8 May and 17 June) in main plots and sub plots respectively. Results of the study showed that white sugar yield in the range of early- to late October and harvested in late June (Growth period 255 and 240 days) showed increase about %73 compared with cultivation in November and harvest in early June(Growth period duration 192 days). Results of this research were recounted the dramatic role of duration growth elongation in improving white sugar yield of autumn sugar beet followed by increasing root yield increase (%69), pure sugar percent (%23), sugar content (%12) and reduction of molasses (%37). More attention to crop management in sugar beet production under autumn swoing can play a key role in increasing sugar beet production in these areas.

This study was conducted to evaluate 18 different native and foreign sugar beet cultivars in terms of some important quantitative and qualitative traits under optimal and limited irrigation conditions in 2017 crop season in as a strip split plot design (normal and stress conditions) as main plots and cultivar factor as sub plots based on RCB design with six replications. The results of combined ANOVA of the obtained data showed that the interaction effect of the environment × cultivar was significant on sugar yield, white sugar yield, alkalinity coefficient, molasses sugar (p≤0.05), and root potassium content (p≤0.01) traits while it had no effect on other traits. Based on the obtained results from ANOVA, the effect of cultivar was not significant on α-amino nitrogen trait while it was significant on other assessed traits under normal condition. Also, under stress condition, the cultivar effect was significant at p≤0.01 on all of the assessed traits. In terms of root yield trait, Merak and Dorthea foreign cultivars had the highest value with 86.5 and 70.4 t ha-1 and Sharif native cultivar had the lowest value with 14.3 and 17.2 t ha-1 under normal and stress conditions, respectively. Under normal and stress conditions, the mean sugar contents were calculated 19.88 and 20.15%, respectively. Although the difference was not significant, the increase in sugar content (about 1.34%) under stress condition was as expected. Given that the decreasing and increasing effects of water deficit stress on most measured traits were not significant, it can be found that sugar beet crop has a good tolerance threshold for water deficit and, surely the finding should always be considered by beet farmers in West Azarbaijan province, especially in the current situation in which there are attempts to revive the drying Urmia lake.

Regarding the changes in the quantitative and yield characteristics of sugar beet under environmental stress, this research was conducted to investigate the effect of drought stress on the traits of sugar beet breeding lines. For this purpose, full sib families from breeding programs were examined in two separate dry and normal experiments in 2017 crop year. Analysis of variance results showed that the effect of the environment on relative water content, relative loss of leaf water, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and root mass ratio were significant and drought stress caused a significant decrease in these traits. Full sib 11 with the controls 18, 24 and 25 was the highest and the full sibs 5, 1, 13 and control 21 had the lowest relative leaf water content. Also, full sibs 1 and 10 with the controls 18 and 22 were the highest and ful sib 7 with controls 23 and 24 had the lowest leaf area. Full sibs 2, 13 and 12 had the highest and full sib 17, and controls 18, 20 and 21 had the lowest shoot dry weight. Finally, genotype × environment interaction was also significant in terms of shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, root mass ratio and root to stem ratio, indicating that variation of these traits in the genotypes studied is different in the two environments. At the end, full sibs 2, 9, 12, 13 and 19 between the studied genotypes are better in both studied environments and in general traits, can be described as superior genotypes.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of bio-fertilizers and micronutrients foliar application on the quality and quality of sugar beet cultivars in a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017.Experimental treatments consisted of four levels of chemical fertilizers and bio-fertilizers (F1: 100% chemical fertilizers)control), F2: 50% chemical fertilizers + bio-fertilizers (nitragin and Phosphatebarvar-2), F3: 25% chemical fertilizers + biological fertilizers (nitragin and Phosphatebarvar-2), F4: bio-fertilizers (nitragen and Phosphatebarvar-2), and micronutrients foliar application in 4 levels including: M0: distilled water, M1: zinc sulfate solution, M2: Mn sulfate solution, M3: zinc sulfate solution + Mn sulfate solution). The effect of fertilizer on biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, sugar percent, white sugar content, white sugar yield and sugar yield sugar content and -Amino-N were significant. The effect of micronutrients on biological yield, root yield, harvest index and extractable sugar content were significant. The maximum root yield (63.97 Ton.h-1) was observed in 50% chemical fertilizers + bio- fertilizers treatment. Also, Zn sulfate + Mn sulfate had the highest root yield (64.12 ton.h-1) and increased root yield by 4.5% compared to control (distilled water). The level of sugar by using bio-fertilizer increased by 14.3% compared to 100% chemical fertilizers. The maximum -Amino-N was observed in 100% chemical fertilizers treatment. The use of bio-fertilizers and micronutrients in sugar beet cultivation improved quantity and quality traits of sugar beet.

In order to study the allelopathic potential of six medicinal plants Valeriana officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis, Artemisia absinthium, Melissa officinalis, Juglans regia, Dracocephalum kotschyi on Beta vulgaris and its two important weeds (Convolvolus arvensis and Avena fatua) and also to find a model of natural herbicides, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design. Shoots of B. vulgaris, C. arvensis and A. fatua were sprayed with water extracts (0 and 100 percent) of the allelopathic plants twice in 48h. Two days after spraying, the changes of dry weights, total water content, electrolyte leakage, concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids were assessed in the target plants. Results of mean comparisons showed the water extracts of all studies medicinal plants had allelopathic effects on the target plants, but in different degrees. Amongst, D. kotschyi caused to make the least level of MDA (%11.6), H2O2 (%42), electrolyte leakage (%8.5) and the least reduction of total chlorophyll (-%13.1) in B. vulgaris. These values were –in turn- (%32.3, .6 folds, %50 and -%48.4) in C. arvensis and (%34.8, folds, %70.8 and -%56) in A. fatua. Generally, it is concluded that utilization of allelopathic ability of D. kotschyi would be a promising model to produce natural herbicide for sugar beet farms.

Root rot is the most important disease of sugar beet caused by Rhizoctonia solani fungus which lives in soil. Many soil bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. by production of materials such as siderophores could control soil borne pathogens. So in this study, after identifying Pseudomonas fluorescents in the Rhizosphere of Sabzevar sugar beet fields and the assessment of the bacteria to inhibit R. solani growth, detection of siderophore biosynthetic gene was performed. For this purpose, plant samples along with its Rhizosphere soil were collected. To obtain specific Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas agar F medium was used. After 2 subcultures on the same medium, three Pseudomonas fluorescent strains based on microbial tests were identified. To evaluate the growth inhibition of R. solani by Pseudomonas fluorescent, dual culture tests were done. Based on inhibition areola, it was shown that C7 and C3 isolates have severe and moderate deterrence respectively but C5 strain has no deterrent effect. PCR results also showed that only C7 isolate contained siderophore biosynthetic genes.

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a dicotyledonous and two years plant from Chenopodiceae family and its economic importance is due to unique ability to produce high amounts of sugar. Sugar beet cyst nematode is the most important disease in the area under cultivation of this product. So this study was performed to assess the genetic diversity of 20 genotypes resistant and susceptible nematode using SSR markers. Following DNA extraction, PCR amplification was performed using 10 pairs of SSR primers and 49 polymorphic bands were selected from 7 pairs. The highest of Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) and highest Marker Index (MI) related to REP primer pairs and 10114 respectively. Cluster analysis using NTSYS software with UPGMA method based on Dice's similarity matrix divided genotypes into 4 clusters. The highest genetic similarity between tolerant and susceptible sugar beet cyst nematode was found. According to the results, it can be concluded that genetic variation does not have a direct relationship with resistant or sensitive genotypes. In fact, it was found that genotypes of sugar beet based resistance spectrum, sensitivity and tolerance to nematode disease were not in separate groups and a significant correlation was not observed.

Aim and background. In order to identify the dominant homozygous plants resistant to rhizomania within 28 sugar beet genotypes including 5 S1 populations, 16 O-type lines, two pollinators, and 5 hybrids amounting to 1551 field-grown single plants, and a repulsion-phase RAPD marker, (named PN3) were linked to rhizomania resistance. Materials and methods. DNA was extracted from the leaves of single plants. RAPD-PCR test was carried out on the samples using the primers. According to the data, analysis of variance for the percentage dominant homozygous plants was conducted using unbalanced completely randomized design. Results. The Results indicated that the genotypes were significantly different in percentage for the dominant homozygous plants. Means comparison by Duncan’s multiple range test showed that the genotypes OT5, OT11 and OT12 had the highest percentage of marker presence. Also, by applying cluster analysis the studied genotypes were classified into four clusters with the cluster B having the genotypes of the highest dominant homozygous plants.Conclusion. It can be concluded that the PN3 marker could be used for rapid screening of sugar beet germplasm at the stages of resistant plants selection in a resistant cultivar development program.

Bothynoderes obliquefasciatus (Menetries،1939; Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a major pest of sugar beet in the warm and dry regions of Isfahan province. The adults are attracted to different hosts such as ‍‍Chenopodium album (Linnaeus، 1753; Chenopodiaceae)، Amaranthus sp. (Amaranthaceae) and Salsola sp. (Salsolaceae) in the absence of sugar beet. Investigation on preferences for attraction to host plants is important for bioecological control of insects. Unfortunately، conventional insecticides do not control the pest effectively. Thus it is very important to look for a new method rather than insecticides، for example، trap crops. Host plant preferences for attraction، attraction to extracts of these hosts by adult B. obliquefasiatus، and the amount of feeding on different sugar beet varieties were determined in choice – experiments in laboratory، green house and semi field conditions. We displayed the amount of feeding on different sugar beet varieties and analyzed data from all experiments provided in statistical tables. The results showed that considerable variation exists in attraction and feeding preferences of the sugar beet weevil among different sugar beet varieties and some weeds. In all experiments، adult insects attracted and fed on the IC1، Amelie and Rizofort varieties rather than the others. The attraction to and feeding from V7233 was the least. Adult insects preferred ‍Chenopodium album for feeding and they used other weeds as shelter.

Aim and Background. In order to study the effect of drought stress on some quantity and quality characteristics of sugar beet genotypes a field experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Station of Khoy in 2009. Materials and Methods. Treatments was arranged in strip block experiments based on completely randomized block design with three replications. Three sugar beet hybrid varieties were as Rasoul، Shirin and 7112. Results. The results showed that the water stress on root yield، white sugar content، sugar content، root length، fresh and dry weight of leaves، petioles and roots were significant. Effects of cultivar on most traits studied were significant، and Rasoul was significantly higher than others of root yield and white sugar yield. The interaction between cultivar and water stress was not significant. Due to stress and free- stress environments، Shoot fresh weight reduction showed the water storage in cultivars is non-equal. Decrease in shoot dry weight and total dry weight indicate that drought stress have reducing affects on the growth of shoot parts and total dry eight. Conclusion. Noticeable point in the results was that the traits sugar content and white sugar yield، impurities of nitrogen، sodium and potassium، and molasses sugar in two environments revealed no significant difference.