جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « superoxide dismutase » در نشریات گروه « علوم پایه »

Heavy metals are one of the most important environmental problems and have caused many concerns due to their carcinogenic properties, non-renewability and biological accumulation. Considering the expansion of lands contaminated with heavy metals and the inevitable cultivation of strategic grains such as wheat in these lands and the fact that according to research wheat accumulates more cadmium than other grains, therefore the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of plasma Atmospheric cold and cadmium were on the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes, proline and the amount of protein and soluble sugars on two cultivars Karim and Gonbad. This experiment was carried out in a factorial form in a completely randomized design with four replications in the greenhouse of Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Factors included wheat cultivars (susceptible cultivar Gombad and resistant cultivar Karim), atmospheric cold plasma at three levels (control, 60 and 120 seconds) and treatment with cadmium metal at four levels (control, 50, 100 and 150 µM). The results showed that the amount of soluble sugar, protein, methionine amino acid concentration, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, and root length were affected by the cultivar × plasma × cadmium interaction. The results of the comparison of three-way effects showed that Gombad wheat cultivar had the highest amount of methionine amino acid in plasma 60 and cadmium 150 with an average of 0.22 (nanmol/g). In general, it can be concluded from the results that the stress caused by the increase of cadmium and plasma concentration on the physiological processes of wheat is different and both cultivars use different mechanisms to deal with cadmium stress. Kareem and Gonbad wheat cultivars spend all their energy in the synthesis of factors involved in the defense mechanism in order to adapt and bear more in order to deal with the development and accumulation of toxic concentrations of this heavy metal in stress conditions. The results of the evaluation of cultivars showed that with the increase in the concentration of cadmium chloride, the amount of catalase, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase decreased and the amount of soluble sugar, total protein, lysine and methionine increased. Also, in Gonbad variety, with the increase in the concentration of cadmium chloride, the amount of total protein, polyphenol oxidase enzyme, superoxide dismutase enzyme and ascorbate-peroxidase decreased, which shows the effects of cadmium toxicity and the production of oxygen free radicals. As a result, it follows oxidative damage and growth reduction, and the amount of soluble sugar of catalase enzyme, the amount of lysine and methionine increased. Also, Karim cultivar is more tolerant to cadmium stress than Gonbad cultivar. Therefore, this research showed that cadmium treatment at 150 micromolar in the presence of cold plasma was able to stimulate the defense mechanisms of the plant and make the plant bear the stress.

Eryngium caucasicum from the Apiaceae family, is native to the northern regions of Iran and has significant medicinal and nutritional properties. This paper has provided detailed morpho-anatomical characteristics of the leaves, peduncles, leaf tail, stem, and roots of Eryngium caucasicum by bright-field light microscopy. Also, the amount of phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity with a spectrophotometer and the analysis of essential compounds of the aerial part with GC and GCMS have been presented. Morpho-anatomical features include the dicot-like leaves with palmate venation, isolateral mesophyll with palisade tissue on the upper and lower regions of the leaf, and much reduced spongy parenchyma; characteristic arrangement of the mechanical collenchyma tissue, especially in leaves; and characteristic wrinkles in the leaf cuticle. The stem and peduncle with longitudinal ribs contain collenchyma; there is a presence of aerenchyma in the peduncle and root; calcium oxalate druses and secretory channels in all the studied plant parts; and an absence of sclerenchyma in all investigated parts of the plant. The aerial parts of E. caucasicum had 37% essential oil, 53.9 mg of flavonoids per gram of dry matter, 48.79 mg per gram of dry matter, and 62.97 percent antioxidant activity. The main compounds in the essential oil of the aerial part include Piperitone (48.78%), ß-Sesquiphellandrene (12.64%), and (Z)-Falcarinol (7.85%), and (Z) ß-Farnesene (6.36 percent).

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) are widely used in various industries. Their release into the aquatic environment has caused concerns about their potential consequences on aquatic organisms and ultimately human health. In the food chain, algae as primary organisms play an important role in absorbing water-soluble particles and transporting them to high nutritional levels. In this study, we investigated the effect of different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L; T0, T0.1, T1 and T10 respectively) of ZnO-NP on photosynthetic factors, zinc accumulation, and antioxidant enzymes of Dunaliella salina. By the increased concentration of ZnO-NP in the algae medium, the amount of zinc accumulation in the algae upraised, so that, the highest amount of zinc was significantly observed in T10 mg/L (p

During heat stress, the animal body requires more antioxidant compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Zinc plays a role in the structure and activity of antioxidant enzymes. One of the ways to supply the zinc requirement, is to use organic zinc supplements, which zinc combined with methionine, and have more intestinal absorption

This study was done to evaluate the effects of different doses of zinc-methionine supplementation on the blood antioxidant status and the expression of interleukin 4 and 6 genes in rats exposed to heat stress.

In a completely random design, 20 female rats were divided into four treatment groups with five replicates. Rats were kept at a temperature of 31±2 °C for 20 hours and at a temperature of 38±2 °C for 4 hours per day (to create heat stress). The rats in the control group were fed standard pellets without additives, and the three experimental groups were fed standard pellets plus 15, 30 and 45 mg zinc-methionine supplement per kilogram of dry matter for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, a blood sample was collected from the inferior vena cava. Total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde concentration, antioxidant enzymes, liver enzymes in the serum and the expression of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 genes were measured.

Serum zinc concentration increased linearly with increasing zinc dose in the diet (P<0.05). The serum activity of two enzymes, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased linearly with increasing zinc-methionine dose in the diet (P<0.01). The highest activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase was observed in the group receiving 30 mg/kg, and the lowest activity of these enzymes was observed in the control group. In general, the relative expression of the interleukin-4 gene was increased, and the relative expression of the interleukin-6 gene was decreased (P<0.05). The highest expression of interleukin-4 gene belonged to the group receiving 30 mg, and the highest relative expression of interleukin-6 gene belonged to the control group and the group receiving 15 mg/kg.

The results of this study showed that the dose of up to 30 mg of zinc-methionine per kg of diet used in this study increases the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, decreases the activity of liver enzymes in the serum, increases the expression of the anti-inflammatory gene (Interleukin-4) and decreases the expression of inflammatory gene (Interleukin-6), which indicates the reduction of oxidative stress and the reduction of the effects of heat stress in the body of the rat.

Salinity is a developing problem in agricultural soils. Calcium plays an important role in the resistance of plants to salt stress.

In order to investigate the mutual effect of sodium-calcium on growth, oxidative indices and antioxidant defense system in triticale plant, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with 3 replications in greenhouse conditions.

One week after planting seeds in the soil, seedlings were treated with sodium chloride dosages (0, 50, 100 and 150 mmol L-1) and calcium chloride dosages (0, 6 and 10 mmol L-1). After 5 weeks of stress, some morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters including shoot and root length, chlorophyll-meter number (SPAD), oxidative indices (malondialdehyde, other aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide and lipoxygenase enzyme activity), reduced ascorbate, dehydroascorbate, reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes activity (guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) of leaves was measured.

The results showed that salinity stress significantly decreased the length of shoot and root, SPAD, reduced ascorbate and reduced glutathione in leaf but increased the amount of oxidative indices, dehydroascorbate and antioxidant enzymes activity in leaf. While addition of calcium to the saline medium increased the length of shoot and root, SPAD, reduced ascorbate and reduced glutathione in leaf, but decreased the amount of oxidative indices, dehydroascorbate and antioxidant enzymes activity in leaf.

Adding calcium to the saline medium reduced the harmful impacts of salinity stress and the most beneficial impacts of calcium were observed at a concentration of 6 mmol/ L-1.

Antioxidant enzymes are an important part of the body's immune system that are highly reactive to contaminants. In this study, changes in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in chiton (Acanthopleura vaillantii) were investigated in response to heavy metal contamination of copper, zinc and chromium on the coast of the Oman Sea. For this purpose, 18 sediment and 180 chiton samples were collected from Ramin, Daryabzorg, Maritime University coast, Tis, Konarak and desalination stations. After samples biometry and separating the soft tissue, the amount of antioxidant enzymes was measured by enzyme assay kits. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the soft tissue of chitons and sediments after acid digestion was read using an atomic absorption spectrometer. Concentration of heavy metals (µg/g dry weight) in soft tissue of chiton were recorded copper (18.44 ± 0.07), zinc (37± 0.12) and chromium (6.8±0.13), respectively; and in sediment copper (7.3±0.1), zinc (17.3±0.28) and chromium (23.5±0.18). The levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase were 20.75±4.85 and 16.27±6.05 nmol/mg protein in chiton soft tissue, respectively. The pattern of accumulation of heavy metals in the soft tissue of chitons was recorded as chromium Ramin> Konarak> Daryabozorg> Tis> Desalination.Examination of sediment contamination with sediment quality standards showed that sediments were safe in terms of metals studied on the coasts of the Oman Sea.

Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) is a noxious and cosmopolitan weed that is widely distributed in different parts of the world and competes severely with crops and reduces their growth and yield. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological and physiological characteristics of redroot pigweed in 2018 and 2019. Treatments included different degrees of drought stress with 5 levels including 100, 75, 50, 25, and 12.5% ​​of pot water content (equivalent to no stress, light stress, moderate stress, high stress, and severe stress). Leaf number, plant height, and leaf dry weight were affected by the interaction of drought stress×years and with increasing drought stress, leaf number, plant height, and leaf dry weight decreased in both years of the experiment. With decreasing the water content of the pot, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase increased. The highest levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase activity (110.35 and 1433.33 units of enzyme/mg protein per minute) were observed in the second year under severe stress, respectively. Increasing the intensity of stress decreased the soluble protein content of the plant. Also, drought stress reduced plant chlorophylls a and b content, whereas, carotenoid content increased. The highest amount of carotenoids was observed in both years under severe drought stress conditions. Overall, drought stress in the second year reduced growth in redroot pigweed further but in this year, the enzyme activity ramped up further. Therefore, this plant can modify stresses and maintain its survival by changing its biochemical activity.

In order to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorous fertilizer on some root growth traits and activity of enzyme and nonenzyme antioxidants of durum wheat in rainfed conditions, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Sarableh Agricultural Research station during growing season 2018-2019. Four cultivars of durum wheat (Dehdasht, Zahab, Savarz and Saji) as the first factor and five levels of fertilizer source (control, 25 and 50 kg.ha-1 P, mycorrhizal fungi (GM), mycorrhizal fungi + 25 kg.ha-1 P) as the second factor were considered. The average comparison results of simple effects indicated that Zahab and Saji cultivars among cultivars and combination treatment of mycorrhizal + 25 kg / ha P and then 50 kg / ha P had the greatest effect on improving the studied traits. The interaction effect of cultivars and fertilizer sources revealed that the combined use of phosphorous fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi had better results compared to their use alone. So that, the highest fresh and dry weight, length density, and root water content and activity of ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione synthetase was obtained in combined treatment of mycorrhizal and phosphorus fertilizer at Zahab and Saji cultivars. However, the lowest specific root length, and malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide activity were obtained in the same treatment and cultivars. In general, the results showed that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi in rainfed conditions, especially in Zahab and Saji cultivars, in addition to reducing the application of phosphorus fertilizer can improve root growth characteristics and activity of enzyme and nonenzyme antioxidants. As a result, it reduces the peroxidation of membrane lipids (the decline in production of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide) and increases drought stress tolerance.

The present study was designed to investigate the interaction effect of acute and subacute ammonia toxication in different salinity levels (1 and 4 g/l) on oxidative enzymes in in liver of common carp and Nile tilapia. To investigate the interactions, fish were randomly divided into 10 treatment groups (each with three replicates). Temperature, pH and other water quality factors were kept constant during the experiments. At the end of the experiment, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and MDA were measured. According to the results, LC50- 96 hours of NH3 was 0.86 and 102.45 mg/l in Nile tilapia and common carp respectively. The results showed that the toxicity of ammonia and salinity in the short term induces antioxidant responses in both fish. Although salinity has an effect on reducing the amount of ammonia in water, but salinity and ammonia levels and their interactions during 96 hours of testing Indicates more stress in common carp than in tilapia.

Wound healing in diabetic patients is delayed, because of oxidative stress. This study aims at investigating the molecular changes in Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDFs) in a high-glucose state and improving the effect of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) and gene expression of oxidative genes Super-Oxide Dismutase (SOD) and Heme Oxygenase1 (HO1). HDFs were cultured in 5.5, 25, 50, and 75 mM glucose concentrations for 72 hours. Cell proliferation was examined via 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Oxidative stress markers of SOD and HO1 were quantified with real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The antioxidant effect of NAC on 1 mM was examined to evaluate oxidative markers in the glucose effects on the HDFs. The MTT assay revealed a decline in cell viability in 50 and 75 mM glucose concentrations. mRNA level of SOD and HO1 was upregulated. The antioxidant addition of NAC reduced the inhibitory effect of the high-glucose state on the proliferation of the HDFs. A high-glucose state impairs the in vitro proliferation and migration of HDFs and may, therefore, induce increased oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction. The antioxidant effect of NAC ameliorates the damaging impact of a high-glucose state.

Selenium is an essential trace element for many physiological processes, especially for the functioning of the immune and reproductive systems, the metabolism of thyroid hormones, and antioxidant defense. This study was performed to investigate different sources of selenium on some mineral elements and antioxidants in the blood of Fars kaboodeh lambs. In this experiment, sixteen 4-month-old Fars kaboodeh lambs with an average weight of 35±2 kg were used. At the beginning of this study, the lambs used for plaque were first weighed and subjected to clinical examination. The treatments tested included sodium selenite and nano-selenium orally at the rate of one-tenth of a milligram per kilogram of body weight for ten days, vitamin E selenium (injectable at a rate of 0.005 mg per kilogram of live weight), and the control group (without selenium). Water and salt were provided ad libitum to the animals. The basic diet was performed twice a day (8:00 am and 6:00 pm) based on racial needs and feeding. The duration of the experiment was 30 days and blood sampling of lambs was performed on the days of the experiment (zero), 10 and 30 days. The concentrations of iron, copper and zinc under the influence of different sources of selenium showed a significant difference (P<0.05). In general, the use of different sources of selenium decreased the concentration of iron, copper and increased the concentration of plasma in different periods of the experiment. Blood selenium of lambs during the experiment also showed a significant difference (P<0.05) and its amount increased during the experiment. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase also increased under the influence of different sources of selenium (P<0.05). In general, the use of different sources of selenium decreased the concentration of iron and copper in serum in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd periods and the concentration of zinc in different periods of the experiment showed a significant increase. By raising the expression of transferrin receptors on the surface of tissue cells, selenium enhances the entry of transferrin into the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis, which reduces the serum iron concentration. On the other hand, iron deficiency affects the production of ceruloplasmin and this protein is responsible for copper transport. Copper changes may have an indirect effect on serum concentrations. The absorption of copper on the intestinal surface is impaired by increasing the synthesis of metallothionein. The use of different sources of selenium caused a continuous supply of selenium and reached the desired level of plasma selenium concentration. The increase in glutathione peroxidase levels is due to a direct correlation between selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity. In general, the use of selenium improves the performance and health of lambs. 

Probiotics are bacteria that in sufficient quantities have beneficial effects on the host. Today, the use of probiotics as food supplements in the aquatic industry has grown exponentially. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various probiotics on antioxidant factors in the liver and blood serum of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). For this purpose, Asian bass fish with an initial weight of 171.29±8.79 g, for 60 days using four diets including control group (without bacteria), the first group (selected strain isolated from fish in Khuzestan province), the second group (selected strain isolated from fish of Bushehr province) and the third group (selected strain isolated from fish of Hormozgan province) were fed. Fish sampling was performed on days 0, 30, and 60 of the experiment. The results showed that after 60 days of probiotic use, liver superoxide dismutase levels decreased in all groups and glutathione levels in the second and third groups increased significantly compared to the control group (p<0.05). Also, serum superoxide dismutase levels in all groups and glutathione levels in the first group increased significantly compared to the control group (p<0.05). The results of this study showed that the selected strain isolated from fish in Khuzestan, Bushehr, and Hormozgan provinces can improve the antioxidant indices of the liver and serum of Asian seabass.

This study was contacted to evaluate the effects of replacement of inorganic zinc with organic zinc on the growth performance, immune system, antioxidant status, morphology of jejunum, and tissue zinc retention in broilers. The number of 150 Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomized design with Duncan's test at the statistical signification level of 0.05, in 3 treatments and 5 replicates and 10 birds in each replicate. The treatments wear: 1) basal diet based on corn and soybean without zinc 2) basal diet + 22 mg/kg organic zinc + 88 mg/kg zinc sulfate 3) basal diet + 33 mg/kg organic zinc + 77 mg/kg zinc sulfate. At day 42 of the experiment, one bird from each replicate was sacrificed and used for analysis. The results showed that replacement of inorganic zinc with organic zinc had no significant effect on the growth, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of broilers. Also, it did not have any significant effect on the amounts of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA). However, the antioxidant evaluation showed that the usage of organic zinc can respectively increase and decrease the amounts of superoxide dismutase and Malondialdehyde in the liver. Besides, morphological evaluation of intestine indicated that the organic zinc improved the villi height and width. In general, it seems that the usage of organic minerals, such as zinc, in the diet of boilers improves their immune system and antioxidant status.

Sweet pepper is one of the most important commercial vegetable with short postharvest life and high susceptibility to fungal diseases. This research was conducted based on complete randomized factorial design with two treatments of UV-C radiation (0, 5 and 10 kJ m-2s-1) and DPI dipping (0 and 1 µM) with 3 replication on sweet pepper fruits. The effects of these treatments was studied on some attributes changes throughout 28 days at 7ºC. The results showed that carotenoid content reduced during 28 days of storage. Treatment of 5 kJ m-2s-1 UV-C and combination of 10 kJ m-2s-1 and DPI treatment caused an increase in carotenoid content that generally kept the same values than initial value after 28 days at 7 ºC. After 10 kJ UV-C m-2 treatment an important initial stress was foundand treated samples conserved antioxidant contents regarding the initial content. In these samples DPI dipping generally reduced the antioxidant capacity on the 28 day.  The medium illumination dose showed the highest total phenolics content and reducing sugar. Combination of 10 kJ UV-C m-2 illumination and DPI treatment caused conservation of protein content after 28 days at 7 ºC. SOD activity increased on 21th day of storage in treated samples with 5 kJ m-2s-1 UV-C and 1 µM DPI[RbD1] . 10 kJ UV-C m-2 caused an increase in catalase activity on the last day of storage. Illuminated samples with 5 kJ UV-C m-2 showed the highest peroxidase activity on 14th day at 7 ºC. As main conclusion a pretreatment of UV-C radiation and DPI dipping was found as an effective technique for quality preservation of sweet pepper fruits during storage. [RbD1]Which concentration?

Marine organisms have a high potential in the production of bioactive compounds. Portunus segnis crab is one of the most widely distributed in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman. Lateral fishing is caught on fishing nets. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of swimmer crab tissue extracts on gastric ulcers in mice as an animal model.

Crab was caught from the Persian Gulf - Bushehr. Hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous extracts of Portunus segnis crab muscle tissue were prepared. The prepared extracts were etched on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats, and the number and percentage of ulcers were evaluated. Changes in superoxide dismutase, mouse serum was assayed. The most effective extract compounds were evaluated with Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

According to the results, consumption of all extracts in different doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the number and percentage of wounds. Butanol extracts at a dose of 100 mg/kg showed an anti-ulcer index of 62%. The effect of the extracts was dose-dependent and at doses much lower than omeprazole, they had a similar effect in the treatment of gastric ulcers. Superoxide dismutase levels also increased with wound healing. In butanol extract 17 compounds such as palmitoleic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, (z) -9-octadecenamide, eicosane and hexacosane were identified.

Butanol extract of swimming crab had preventive effects on the gastric ulcer at a dose of 100 mg/g. The results of this study showed that consumption of all extracts in different doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the number and percentage of gastric ulcers. Therefore, it is recommended to use crab extracts to prevent this disease.

The aim of this research was to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) usage on some physiological characteristics and essential oil production of lemon verbena (Lippia citrodora L.) under salinity stress. For this purpose, a pot factorial experiment was performed based on a completely randomized design with 4 salinity levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl), 4 SA levels (0, 150, 300 and 450 mg/L) and three replications. The measured traits included total soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide, glycine betaine, some antioxidant enzyme activities, and essential oil production. The interaction effect of the treatments on all of the studied traits were significant at 1% P value. The results showed that the highest amount of total soluble protein, MDA, hydrogen peroxide, glycine betaine, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were observed at 150 mM salinity level and application of SA at 300 mg/L causes to decrease total soluble protein and glycine betaine, and 150 mg/L of SA causes to decrease MDA. But application of this plant growth regulator had no significant effect on hydrogen peroxide. Also, the results showed that catalase enzyme activity and essential oil content at the highest salinity level (150 mM) reached to the lowest amounts. In total, the results of this study indicated that the SA application especially at 300 mg/L causes to improve the studied traits in this experiment and its usage under stress conditions is recommended.