جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ماهی قرمز" در نشریات گروه "زیست شناسی"

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of supplementation of Sargassum ilicifolium on the growth performance, blood parameters and digestive enzymatic activities of goldfish (Carassius auratus) for 60 days. Goldfish (with an average initial weight of 5.25±0.45g) were divided into four experimental treatments with three replicates (30 fish/replicate) inluding control treatment (without algae extract) and three treatments supplemented with Sargassum extracts 5, 10 and 15g/kg diet. The results showed that the highest final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and condition factor were observed in fish fed with 15g/kg S. ilicifolium extract. Hemoglobin and MCH in fish fed with diets containing S. ilicifolium extracts showed significant difference compared to control group. The levels of triglyceride and cholesterol in fish fed with control diet were significantly higher than that of fed diets containing S. ilicifolium extracts (P<0.05). The highest proteases, amylase and lipase activities were recorded in Sargassum extract at 15g/kg diet. The results of this study showed that goldfish fed the diet containing 15g/kg S. ilicifolium had better growth performance and activity of digestive enzymes compared to other groups. Therefor the administration of 15g/kg of S. ilicifolium extract is recommended to use in goldfish diet.

Common operations during reproduction and breeding or during research studies often cause stress and physiological responses in fish, which subsequently lead to adverse effects such as immunosuppression, delayed growth, and death. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the efficacy of benzocaine as an anesthetic in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Moreover, the effect of anesthesia with effective concentrations of benzocaine and stress caused by manipulation on hematological indicators was studied.

For this purpose, ten fish individually were exposed to 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 200 mg/L benzocaine, and time to induction (deep anesthesia) and recovery from anesthesia were measured. In the second experiment, 7 fish were deeply anaesthetized with 125 and 150 mg/L benzocaine. Subsequently, Fish were subjected to stress by acute handling, blood sampling and maintaining them out of the water for 2 min. for assessing possible stress effects caused by acute handling, blood was collected as described above without anesthesia. In control group, fish immediately after netting with their head covered with wet cloth to reduce stress, blood collection was performed by cutting caudal peduncle and lasted less than 15 s.

At concentration of 50 mg/L, benzocaine failed to induce deep anesthesia in fish within the 10 min exposure period whereas at concentrations of 125, 150 and 200 mg/L, all the fish were anaesthetized within 3 min of exposure. Induction and recovery times for benzocaine were significantly dependent on concentrations (P<0.05). Hematological results between groups showed no significant changes in white blood cell count and hematocrit level. Acute handling caused significant increase in hemoglobin, red blood cell count, serum glucose and cortisol levels compared to control and anaesthetized group (P<0.05).

This study demonstrates that rapid induction of deep anesthesia with a relatively high concentration of benzocaine (125 mg/L) block the stress-induced cortisol response with the lowest effects on the hematological and serum biochemical indices in gold fish and therefore would be recommended as eligible dose for handling and hematological studies in this species.

In this study, the effect of garlic essential oil on growth performance, hematological and biochemical parameters of goldfish (Carassius auratus) was studied. 180 goldfish with an average weight of 3.4±0.2g in four levels 0 (T0), 0.1 (T0.1), 0.15 (T0.15) and 0.2g (T0.2) of garlic essential oil per kg of diet (triplicate) were evaluated for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance and feed conversion ratio in experimental treatments respectively increased and decreased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). Hematocrit, hemoglobin and white and red blood cells in treatments containing garlic essential oil increased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). Garlic essential oil causes no significant effect on the parameters of MCV, MCH and MCHC (P>0.05). Blood protein levels in treatments fed with garlic essential oil increased significantly and blood glucose levels decreased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). Triglyceride levels in 0.2g/kg group were lower than other treatments (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme activity between experimental and control groups (P>0.05). The results of the present study show that the addition of garlic essential oil can be used as a useful dietary supplement to enhance health and biochemical indicators in goldfish.

Recently, plant protection products have become commonly used in aquaculture as immune stimulants to strengthen the fish safety system. Some plants are a rich source of tannins, polysaccharides, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and polyphenols, which have been shown to play different roles, including having antimicrobial effects and strengthening the immune system of fish. In the present study, 150 goldfish (mean weight 135 g) were divided into three groups: control group (T1), metal + extract of green tea (T2) and metal (T3) with three replicates. The optimum dose of extract in fish diet was determined (0.65 mg/kg), sub-lethal concentrations of cadmium (0.5 mg/l) and mercury (0.5 mg/l). In order to study the biochemical parameters of blood, sampling was carried out on days 3, 7, and 14, after exposure to the concentration of heavy metals of cadmium and mercury. The results showed that total protein, cholesterol, glucose and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes were significantly different in treatment of herbal extracts (T2) than other treatments. On the other hand, the values ​​of the mentioned indices in the treatment of metal containing the extract of the plant were significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05). According to the results, it can be stated that increased the immunity system in fish that fed with plant extract and the biochemical parameters were optimally. Regarding the fact that heavy metals in water resources affect the biochemical parameters of blood of fish, the results of this study suggest that the use of herbal extract increases the fish's physiological capacity against the negative effects of environmental pollutants. Therefore, the use of Camelia siensies extract in fish is recommended to increase the physiological capacity and reduce liver damage in the exposure of wastewater and industrial contaminants.

Determination of reproductive status and knowledge in physiological situations of fish is essential to manage brooders. So, in this study, the efficacy of skin mucosal layer was investigated as the important source of biochemical and also less-invasive method to know goldfish reproductive status. In our research, fish sampling was carried out during five months and according to the histological analysis of gonad, the fish were divided into 5 stages: primary growth (I), cortical alveoli (II), early-vitellogenesis (III), late-vitellogenesis (IV) and spawning (V). Total protein, calcium, lipids (cholesterol and triglyceride) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of mucus and plasma were measured and compared. Protein levels of mucus were significantly increased during late-vitellogenesis (P < 0.05). Mucosal calcium levels were lower than plasma. Cholesterol and Triglyceride of mucus showedsignificant enhancing during the late-vitellogenesis (P < 0.05). ALP activity was elevated in mucus more than plasma. In histological studies, the analysis of gonadosomatic index showed significant positive correlation between this factor and plasma protein as well as mucus (P < 0.01). ALP was the appropriate indicator to distinguishing vitellogenesis and spawning stages. In summary, the results of this study indicated that the biochemical factors in mucus is measurable and be considered as a less-invasive tool and alternative blood for monitoring the endocrine response, reproductive indices, and sexual stages, especially in the vitellogenesis stages.

The present study aimed to investigate the different levels of Galacto oligosaccharide prebiotic on growth performance and intestinal morphology of Carassius auratus gibelio. A number of 240 baby fish with the mean weight of 4.88 ±0.28 g were divided into four groups. The first group as the control was fed with basic diet (having no Galacto oligosaccharide) while the second, third, and fourth groups were fed with the diets containing 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 % Galacto oligosaccharide for six weeks. At the end of the test, the growth markers were calculated (including final weight, specific growth rate, and food conversion ratio). Then, intestinal biopsy was conducted and the mean length, width, and absorption surface of intestinal villus were measured in each treatment. The results indicated a significant effect of treatment with 2% Galacto oligosaccharide on villus length, width and absorption surface in Carassius auratus gibelio (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found between treatments in terms of growth parameters. Due to the significant effect of Galactooligosaccharide prebiotic on the increase of absorption surface in Carassius auratus gibelio as well as the relative increase of growth parameters int he fish fed with Galacto oligosaccharide than the control treatment, it seems that this substance can be used as a suitable stimulating factor of growth and feeding in the diets of red ornamental fish.

In the present study, the effects of estrogenic genistein or 17β-estradiol (E2) was investigated on vitellogenin synthesis in mature male goldfish. Matures male goldfish received intraperitoneal injections of E2 (10 μg/g body weight), one of two genistein doses (5 μg/g body weight, G5, or 50 μg/g body weight, G50), or the injection vehicle every other day for 10 days during spermiation phase. Ten days after the first injection, blood was collected. The induction of VTG was determined in plasma of treated fish indirectly by measuring the Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), 17β-estradiol and blood serum biochemical indicators (phosphorous, calcium and triglycerides). The regression analysis revealed positive and significant relationship between ALP concentration and levels of blood serum 17β-estradiol phosphorous, and triglycerides (P˂ 0.05). However the correlation between ALP and calcium blood serume was not significant (P˃ 0.05). Our results suggest that high doses of genistein stimulates vitellogenin synthesis by increasing the levels of serum ALP. This was confirmed by positive and significant correlations among the concentrations of blood ALP and phosphorus, triglycerides and 17β-estradiol hormone.

In this study, the effects of genistein and 17β-estradiol (E2) was investigated on some semen seminal plasma biochemical and enzymes in male gibel carp, during the spermiation phase. Mature male gibel carp (with ~ 30 to 40 g body weight (BW)) received intramuscular injections of one of two genistein doses (5 μg/g BW; G5, or 50 μg/g BW; G50), (10 μg/g BW 17β-estradiol, E2), 10 μg/g BW corn oil DMSO .Then, milt were collected in order to measure seminal plasma ionic, nonionic compounds and enzymes. The results of this study showed, there were significant differences in seminal plasma ionic, nonionic compounds and enzymes among the treated groups (p

In this study, at first, the effects of the acute toxicity of agricultural pesticide, diazinon, on adult males of gold fish were determined. After analyzing the results using Probit software, the amount of LC50 was distinguished during 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The amount of LC50 was 11.4 in 96 hours and the fish were assorted according to 0.1 and 0.01 percent of LC50 in 96 hours and were put there for about 7 months. Then, the level of total protein, serum glucose, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) was studied. The results showed that fish were affected by high concentration of diazinon, had the lowest ALP (P

In this study, we divided 300 goldfish (average weight: 12.30 ± 2.11 g) into 4 groups. Fish were fed diets that contained 4 levels of thyme extract: 0 (control), 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg (Thyame, LN23IN, France) for a period of 2 weeks. At the end of 2 weeks, each group of the mentioned treatments was divided into 2 groups: nanosilver-exposed group and control. In the aquarium of the nanosilver-exposed group, we prepared 0.04 mg/L of nanosilver until the end of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, body weight (BW), condition factor (CF), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate and serum biochemical parameters of glucose (mg/dl), triglycerides (mg/dl) and uric acid (mg/dl) were measured. The results showed that the nanosilver-exposed group that consumed the diet with 800 mg/kg of thyme extract had the highest percentage of weight gain (21.46 ± 0.15) and specific growth rate (0.46 ± 0.01). All nanosilver-exposed groups had lower survival rate than non-exposed groups. The condition factor (CF) in treatments that contained thyme extract in the diet was significantly higher compared with the control group (P

In this study، the effects of hormonal GnRHa، HCG and pituitary extract injection on biochemical parameters of seminal plasma (Na+، K+، Ca+، Mg2+، total protein، cholesterol and glucose) in goldfish (Carassius auratus) males were compared. Fish injected with hormonal GnRHa، HCG and pituitary extract with 10μg kg−1، 1500 IU/Kg−1، 3mg/Kg−1 respectively. There were a highly significant difference of seminal plasma Na+ among treatments (p<0/05)، as the highest value of Na+ observed in GnRHa and HCG treatment (202. 33±15. 04، 195. 66±10. 69 mmol/l respectively). There was a highly significant difference in K+ among treatments (p<0/01) as the highest value of K+ observed in control group (31. 40±1. 24 mmol/l)، but There were no significant difference in Ca+ and Mg2+ among treatments (p>0/05). There was a highly significant difference of seminal plasma total protein and glucose among treatments (p<0/05)، as the highest value of total protein and glucose observed in HCG treatment (0. 06±0. 001 g/dl، 0. 13±0. 04 mg/dl respectively). Also There were a highly significant difference of seminal plasma cholesterol among treatments (p<0/01)، as the highest value of cholesterol observed in HCG and pituitary extract treatment (0. 018±0. 001، 0. 020±0. 003 mg/dl respectively). The present study demonstrated that GnRHa، HCG and pituitary extract have different effects on biochemical parameters of seminal plasma in goldfish، and HCG have more effect on biochemical parameters of sperm than GnRHa and pituitary extract.