جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رویشگاه » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

Kelussia (Kelussia et al.) is one of Iran's native medicinal plants that grow only in limited places in the mid-Zagros ranges. Due to the importance of its medicinal compounds in traditional medicine, continuous harvesting of this plant has ranked it an endangered species. The species' natural habitat was monitored in the Torreh area of Fereydunshahr, Iran, at 2794 - 2805m above sea level. In the species' natural habitat, phenological traits such as time of reproductive growth, emergence of flowering stems, flowering date and seed maturity date were evaluated. To prevent the extinction and domestication of this plant, two separate experiments were conducted at South Alborz Natural Resources Research Station, Karaj, and Sirachal Research Station, at 1900m altitude, for five years (2016-2020). Reviewing the literature revealed that (Kelussia et al.) is an endemic species of Iran and some of its natural habitats suffer from quality reduction or degradation. Therefore, more effort is needed to preserve the natural habitats of these valuable pharmaceutical and edible herbal species. Finally, some recommendations were also made.

Iran's forest and rangeland ecosystems are changing or being disturbed under the influence of climate change and human factors. Meanwhile, desert and arid ecosystems are very fragile. The direct effects of misuse or destruction of the ecosystem are more on plants than on other components. Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem belongs to Bignoniaceae. This tree grows naturally in alluvial lands and seasonal riversides as small stands and individual trees in Bushehr, Fars, Khuzestan, Hormozgan, Kerman, Sistan, and Balochistan provinces. It grows in areas with altitudes ranging from 10m (Bushehr province) to 1594 m (Esfandegheh Jiroft) above sea level. Our study showed that there was no living individual in Khuzestan province, and it was distributed in 13 habitats in Bushehr province. Tecomella undulata habitats were affected by extensive grazing, prohibited cutting, death, and land-use change, which are the big threats to this tree. This species produces seeds rarely; therefore, seedling-based regeneration was not observed. Root-shoots-based regeneration was observed in the habitats. Protection, restoration, and development, the establishment of germplasm, seedling production afforestation, and green space development by using T. undulata are recommended. Further research on seedling production by sexual and non-sexual methods is suggested.

The research center of Mian-Jangal in Fasa, with an area of about 80 hectares, is located inside the protected area of Mian-Jangal with an area of 56 thousand hectares in the southeast of Shiraz city. This area is located in the south of Bakhtegan and Tashk lakes, southeast of Sarvestan, and west of Kharman Kooh, and the Shiraz-Bandar Abbas transportation road passes through it. This zone is located in the geographical position of E5315 and E5338 East longitude and N2815 and N2913 North latitude. Its altitude is 1750 meters above sea level. The Mian-Jangal station is protected as an In-Situ conservation site, attracting the attention of national and international experts for the richness of the crop’s wild relatives. This report describes the situation of the Mian-Jangal, the uniqueness of this habitat as a conservation site due to high biodiversity and having endemic species, and evaluates the impact of conservation on the populations of wild relatives of crops. The problems and threats of this area and suggestions for improving the current situation are presented.

Convolvulus L. (Convolvulaceae) is represented with 57 species in the Iranian plateau. Convolvulus koieanus Bornm. is an endemic species of Iran, distributed in the Khuzestan and Lorestan provinces.  Based on the research method of the national research project, entitled defining the conservation status of the plant species in Iran and the IUCN guidelines, three criteria related to the extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, and the number of mature individuals in the populations were considered to evaluate the conservation status of C. koieanus. GeoCAT software calculated its Extent of Occurrence (EOO), 24377.917, recognized as the Near Threat (NT), and the Area of Occupancy (AOO) was calculated to be 24 square kilometers, recognized as endangered (EN). Based on field observations, the Area of Occupancy (AOO) of this species was calculated to be 0.19 Km2 for Khuzestan and Lorestan Provinces. According to the IUCN classification, it is in the group of Critically Endangered (CR); however, it does not qualify for this status, considering the number of habitats, sub-populations, and the number of individuals in each subpopulation. Based on the current data, we determine it as endangered (EN). This species is affected by human activities. The field observation indicated that road construction and grazing are the main threats for this species. The conservation of this valuable species as a natural genetic reserve is necessary. We suggest one habitat in each of the Khuzestan and Lorestan provinces be defined as protected by the Forests, Rangelands, and Watershed Organization. The ex-situ conservation needs to be planned. This species is easily propagated by seeds, and if its habitat is protected, it will regenerate and expand in the area.

The conservation status of Tanacetum paradoxum, an Iranian endemic species of Asteraceae, was evaluated and defined based on IUCN threat categories. It was studied according to three categories: area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and the number of mature species in populations (based on field visits). The only habitat of this species is in the center of Fars (on the road of Sarvestan to Fasa, Post-e Chenar, Cheshmeh Mordi), in a cold semi-arid region. Its habitat is located in the Zagros area. Tanacetum paradoxum occupies an area of 560 m2 with scattered individuals in the area. Based on IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), it is a critically endangered species. The habitat of this species is affected by human activities. The field observations indicated that the lack of management and inappropriate exploitation such as degradation of habitat by road construction and the transport of vehicles in the region, mining, power pole, land use change, construction of the olive garden, and agriculture were the main threats to this species. Therefore, special attention and full conservation of the species habitat are needed.

Astragalus gypsocola is an endemic species in Khuzestan province. The habitat of this species is located in Khuzestan province, around Masjed Soleiman, Karun River basin, and semi-steppe region. The population of this species is distributed in two habitats in an area of about 0.05 square kilometers.</strong> Based on IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Astragalus gypsocola is a Critically Endangered species. The habitat of this species is affected by human destructive factors such as agriculture and road construction, livestock grazing and fire, threatening this endemic species in the region. Thus, conservation of this valuable species as a natural genetic reserve is of utmost importance. This plant is easily propagated by seed and develops quickly in the region in the case of exclosure.

The habitats are the most basis of plants diversity and the study of habitats are the most important studies in the ecosystem. Qom province Due to ecotonical conditions (the connection between Zagros mountain ecosystem in west and south of province and central desert ecosystem in east of province, ecosystems and habitats diversity is high. this research has been carried out on the natural habitats and effected by human. The former Nature habiatats includes desertic, alpine and wetland zones and the later are includes the marginal of agricultural lands and Ruderal habitats. Moreover in the present survey diversity of plant habitats has been investigated in order to height, temperature and perception gradient. the different habitats by accessed With quadratic sampling in different habitat of province based on Braun-Blanquet. The highest diversity is includes Palang-darreh Valley (south west of province) and the lowest diversity is in relevant to Massileh plain (East of province).