جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "فراسنجه های خونی" در نشریات گروه "محیط زیست"

The aim of the present experiment was to improve the quality of milk by using a change in the type of grain source and oil supplement in the diet, for this purpose, from the number of 32 Holstein cows in the third abdomen with an average lactation days of 60±15 and milk production of 36±5 kg as a 2x2 factorial experiment. It was used in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 8 replications. Experimental treatments included 1- Diet containing grain Barley + 2% fish oil 2- Diet containing barley + 2% sunflower oil 3- Diet containing corn kernels + 2% Fish oil 4- Diet containing corn kernels + 2% Sunflower oil The trial period was 45 days, the first 36 days for habit The susceptibility of cows to diets and the last 9 days were considered for sample collection.The dry matter digestibility was significantly affected by grain and oil source (P<0.05) and in fed cows Barley grain diets were higher than corn grain diets, but among blood parameters, only triglyceride concentration was affected by the interaction of grain and oil source (P<0.01) .The effect of grain source on ruminant time The total chewing time was significant (P<0.05) and this time was longer for cows receiving barley grains than corn grains, of which only milk fat percentage was significantly affected by the source of dietary grain (P<0.05) And in cows fed barley grain-based diets was lower than in corn grain-based diets. Based on the results, sunflower oil can be a good alternative to fish oil without a negative effect on production performance and milk quality.

In recent years, the application of herbal compounds has replaced artificial supplements in the fisheries due to their benefits. This study was performed to investigate the effects of Mentha piperata and Mentha Pulegium extracts on some blood and biochemical parameters in Oncorhynchus mykiss. For this purpose, 320 fish were evaluated in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications in a farm around Kermanshah Province. Experimental groups included (1): control group (basic diet), (2): treatment containing 1% Pennyrile, (3): treatment containing 2% M. Pulegium, (4): treatment containing 1% M. piperata, (5) treatments contained 2% M. piperata and (6) combination treatments (1% of each extract). Blood parameters including white and red blood cells, globulin, hemoglobin, and biochemical parameters, including albumin, glucose, triglycerides, and the enzymes alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were evaluated. According to the results, the combination of M. pulegium and M. piperata extracts resulted in more white blood cells, red blood cells, and hemoglobin compared to the individual levels of both mint extracts. 1% M. piperata extract had the greatest effect on blood globulin count. The most significant effect on albumin content was observed in 2% M. piperata extract group. The highest mean blood glucose and albumin were found in the fish received 2 percent of M. piperata. Also, the highest levels of and the lowest triglyceride were observed in the fish supplemented with M. piperata extract and the combination of M. piperata and M. pulegium extracts, respectively. Higher levels of both M. pulegium and M. piperita L extracts increased the levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes. According to the results of the study, it seems that in physiological conditions, the use of M. pulegium and M. piperata extracts can improve the physiology of fish while improving the function of the immune system and some blood biochemical parameters.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Quinoa Seed bioactive peptides (QSBP) on performance, some blood parameters and immune system in broiler chicks. A total of 240 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler male chicks were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments with 4 replicates of 15 birds each. Birds were fed on basal diets (Control) or basal diets supplemented with 50, 100 and 150 mg Quinoa Seed bioactive peptides for 42 d of age. At the end of each week, the weight of mortality, feed intake and the weight of chickens in each replicate were measured then the feed conversion ratio was calculated, Finally, carcass charactristics and blood parameters were evaluated. Results showed that experimental diets had a significant effect on feed intake during finisher and total periods in compared with the control group. Highest feed intake observed in birds that received basal diet supplemented with 150 mg Quinoa Seed bioactive peptides per Kg . Also ,broilers received 150 mg QSBP /kg of diet have significantly higher body weight gain and better feed conversion ratio than the other experimental groups (P<0.05). Also ,broilers received 150 mg QSBP /kg to diet have significantly higher body weight gain and better feed conversion ratio than the other experimental groups (P<0.05)Experimental treatments did not impact serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL in chicks, but serum concentrations of Albumine was higher in broiler chickens which received all experimental diets compared with control (P<0.05). Heterophil and lymphocyte and antibody titres were not affected by the experimental treatments. However, the highest relative weight of spleen observed in broilers which received 150 mg QSBP /kg. It can be concluded that QSBP may improved growth performance, immunity and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens.

Chitosan is one of the derivatives of marine crustacean chitin shells and a polymer of glucosamine, which is obtained from the deacetylation of chitin. The biological activities of chitosan, such as its cholesterol-lowering effects, as well as its antibacterial and antioxidant effects, are well known in some species. Therefore, this experiment was performed to investigate the effects of chitosan on antioxidant status and some biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. For this study, 400 male broilers of Ross 308 strain were assigned to four treatments, five replications, and 20 chickens for each replication in a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments included 1) basic diet, and treatments 2, 3, and 4) were levels of 0.5, 1, and 2 g of chitosan per kg of basic diet, respectively. Blood and biochemical parameters including red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin content, hematocrit, monocyte, heterophils and lymphocyte count, triglyceride and blood cholesterol, antioxidant enzyme activity including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide disodium, and peroxidase Plasma hepatic enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were measured. Growth performance parameters including weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were also calculated for the whole experimental period. The results showed that different levels of chitosan significantly improved the antioxidant indices by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and reducing the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes. Growth performance parameters and other blood parameters except white blood cell count were not significantly affected by different levels of chitosan. The use of chitosan significantly improved antioxidant parameters (increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and simultaneously decreasing the level of liver enzymes) in broilers. Therefore, the use of proposed chitosan levels in this scheme is recommended to improve the antioxidant status of broilers in conditions of oxidative stress.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using omega-3 fatty acid and antioxidant sources during flushing period on some blood parameters and lambing performance of breeding ewes. Recent experience has shown that the use of omega-3 and antioxidants improves reproduction performance. 256 ewes were randomly divided into 8 groups with 32 ewes. The ewes daily received diets containing vitamin E (800 IU/day), fish oil (35g/kg DM), and L-carnitine (500mg/kg DM) or a combination of these. The blood samples were collected to investigate HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, triglycerides and cholesterol. Number of follicles, twinning, viability and abortion were investigated. Adding fish oil into diet, decreased LDL-C and VLDL-C (P<0.05). The highest number of follicles at the time of lambing, the highest number of twinning and the lowest number of abortions were observed in the groups of combined use of fish oil and antioxidants (P<0.05). Also, the lowest number of follicles, the lowest number of twinning and the highest number of abortions were observed in the fish oil group alone (P<0.05). The results showed that a combination of fish oil and antioxidants in the diet during the flushing period is recommended to improve reproduction in ewes during the flushing period.

Current experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different feed restriction periods on the performance and blood biochemical parameters of Ross-308 broiler chicks. 192 chicks from 10 to 42 days were used in 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 chicks in each replicate in growth (11 to 24 days) and finishing (25 to 42 days) in a completely randomized design. Treatments included: 1) control (without feed restriction), 2) 8 hours feed restriction (from 8 to 28 days of age), 3) 16 hours feed restriction (from 8 to 25 days of age) and 4) feeding skip a day (from 8 to 21 days). Feed restriction had significant effects on broilers' performance and blood biochemical parameters (P<0.05). In the growth period, feed restriction in contrast with the control group, reduced the growth performance of broilers. In this period, daily feed intake, daily growth weight and weight in final period decreased, whereas feed conversion ratio increased. But in the finishing period, feed restriction caused the amount of weight gain to increase and the feed conversion ratio reduces. Feeding skip a day caused the amount of daily feed intake to reduce (P<0.05). In contrast with control group, feed restriction caused the amounts of blood HDL to decline and total protein increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, using 16 hours feed restriction between 8 to 25 days in Ross-308 broilers breeding period, cause the performance index improve.

An experiment was conducted in order to study the effects of watermelon rind on performance and biochemical blood indices of broiler chickens. A total of 160 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were assigned to 16 pens for 4 experimental treatments, with 4 replications of 10 birds for each replication in a completely randomized design. The experiment consisted of 4 levels of dietary watermelon rinds (0, 1, 5 and 10 %). Dietary watermelon rind of 1% significantly increased mean body weight gain and for all growing periods significantly decreased feed conversion ratio (p>0.01) whereas, above 1% significantly increased feed conversion ratio (p>0.01). The relative weight of breast was significantly increased by 1 and 10% of dietary watermelon rind as it was highest between all treatments (p>0.05). Compared to other treatments, the highest relative weight of thigh was obtained with treatment containing 5%, also, the highest relative weight of pancreas was obtained with treatment containing 1% watermelon rind (p>0.05). The relative weight of abdominal fat and pancreas between treatments were higher for 1% watermelon rind in the diet and the relative weight of abdominal fat and pancreas between treatments were higher for diets containing 1% watermelon rind. The highest relative weight of gizzard, bile and liver were shown for 5 and 10% watermelon rind in the diet (p>0.05). While cholesterol, glucose and HDL were not affected by dietary treatments, ALB, TP and triglyceride were significantly reduced by 10% watermelon rind compared with 1 and 5% watermelon rind in the diet. In general, it was found that the use of watermelon rind up to 10% of the diet had no adverse effect on the performance of broiler chickens.

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of energy and protein on performance, digestibility, blood parameters and fertility of 18 females and three male rabbits were selected. Female rabbits were divided into three groups individually for two weeks and from the diet of treatments containing 1- low energy (2200 kcal) -low protein (14%) 2- medium energy (2400 kcal) -medium protein (16%) and 3- High energy (2600 kcal) -high protein (18%) was used in a completely randomized design. Female rabbits were weighed at the beginning of the period. The evaluation of performance, including daily weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were measured in every 15 days. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, fecal sampling in the last 3 days of the experiment from 3 rabbits in each treatment measured using acid-insoluble ash method. Blood samples were taken before morning feeding to determine the blood parameters including triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen and blood glucose. After this period, a male rabbit was placed in the group for mating and the next day it was replaced with another. The mating period was six days. Reproductive factors including fertility, offspring and multiple births were examined. Results showed that there was no significant difference between initial weight, final weight, daily weight gain and daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and dry matter digestibility. Blood glucose (125 mg/dl) had significant difference between treatments. The medium protein - energy treatment had the highest percentage (100%) of fertility. The offspring in low protein - energy showed the highest percentage. The longest gestation period and the most neonatal weight were observed in high protein -energy. In overall, moderate energy and moderate protein treatments are recommended for female rabbits ready for mating.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of peppermint and rosemary powder mixture on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of Japanese quails challenged with dexamethasone from 21 to 35 days of age using 96 female birds in 6 dietary treatments with 4 replicates birds in each replicate. The experimental treatments consisted of the control group (basal diet without any injection), saline injection, injection of 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone and 0.25, 0.5 or 1% of herbal mixture challenged with injection of 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone. The results showed that body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion rate (FCR) of quails, respectively, decreased and increased significantly by dexamethasone injection, but inclusion of 1% of herbal mixture significantly improved these indicators from 29 to 35 days of age. Quails fed 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone alone or together with 0.25, 0.5 or 1% herbal mixture had higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) on 35 d. Moreover, the utilization of 1% peppermint and rosemary mixture together with 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) of serum compared to control group and groups containing saline, 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone or 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone + 0.25% herbal mixture. In conclusion, the results of current study showed that consumption of 1% of rosemary and peppermint powder mixture could partially decrease unfavorable effects of dexamethasone administration in Japanese quails.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary biotronic organic supplement and silymarin nanocrystal supplement with and without LPS factor on liver chemical analysis, histology and immune-cell changes and blood parameters of broiler chicks.This experiment was conducted in2×4 factorial arrangementwith completely randomized design using 192 day old male broiler chicks in 8 treatments, 4 replications and 12 chicks per each replicate.The factors of interest included LPS in two levels of (with and without LPS) and silymarin nano-crystal, biotronic organic supplement factor in 4 levels including (zero, biotronicorganic supplement, nano-crystal sily marin, and biotronic organic supplement complementary nano-crystal silymarin The results showed that the use of organic biotronic and silymarin nanocrystalline supplements and their mix significantly reduced the ALT, AST and percentage of mitotic liver lesions (P<0.05). Application of nano-crystal silymarin and organic biotronic supplement had significant effect on hepatic factors such as hepatocyte count, hepatocyte diameter and sinusoid size but had no significant effect on hepatocyte nucleus diameter.LPS also significantly altered blood parameters and cellular enzymes (P<0.05). Biotronic and nano-crystal silymarin supplementand their mix significantly improved the changes (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that the using of organic biotronic supplement and silimarin nano-crystal, and especially their mix, improved the performance of liver and chemical and cellular enzymes and liver blood parameters.

This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 6 repetitions and 10 chicken in each repetition in order to evaluate the effect of selenium supplement immune system related treats, egg qualitative characteristics, blood parameters and antibody titers against Newcastle disease and influenza, laying hens w36 strains. Experimental treatments include: (1) basic diet, (2) basic diet plus 0.5 mg/kg of Sodium selenite (3) basic diet plus 1 mg/kg of Sodium selenite, (4) basic diet plus 0.5 mg/kg of selenium-methionine and (5) base diets plus 1 mg/kg of selenium-methionine. The results show egg traits were not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05). treatment of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg of selenium-methionine significantly reduced the enzyme Aspartate Amino Transferase (P<0.05). Also, treatments containing organic selenium significantly reduced the enzyme Alanine Amino Transferase (P<0.05). The results showed that 0.5 mg/kg of selenium-methionine significantly increased the levels of immunoglobulin G, M and A compared to other experimental treatments (P<0.05). However, the levels of immunoglobulins A and M in organic and inorganic sources were not significantly affected by selenium levels (P>0.05). Newcastle antibody titers did not significantly differentiate between experimental treatments (P>0.05). However, 1 mg/kg of selenium-sodium significantly reduced the antibody titer of influenza (P<0.05). In general, although the consumption of organic and inorganic sources of selenium was ineffective on egg characteristics, organic sources of selenium more effectively stimulate the immune system and increase blood immunoglobulins than non-organic sources.

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different levels of powdered dried aerial parts of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) seeds on the performance and carcass traits of broiler chicks. In this experiment one hundred and sixty one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates (with 10 birds each). The experimental treatments included: 1) control group (without additive2) basal diet + 0.2% Ajowan powder, 3) basal diet + 0.4% Ajowan powder, and 4) basal diet + 0.6% Ajowan powder. Results showed that the levels of 0.2 and 0.4 % had no significant effect on daily weight gain, food intake and feed efficiency. Except for carcass weight, Ajowan had no significant effect on carcass characteristics. For blood parameters, the effects of Ajowan, in most cases, were non-significant. In contrast, plasma LDL and cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly with increasing levels of Ajowan powder. According to the obtained results, based on maintaining the bird's performance at the same levels as the control group and on the other hand improving the pattern of blood lipid metabolites, it can be said that Ajowan can be a good alternative to the growth-promoting antibiotic to improve health and solve the environmental problems in this area.

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of wheat grain processing methods on growth performance, rumen microbial population, blood biochemical and immune parameters in fattening lambs. At first, wheat grain samples, according to the treatment group were chemically treated with urea, sodium hydroxide and formaldehyde, then were processed physically by milling and pelleting methods. Chemical composition and experimental diets were determined. The experiment was conducted in March 2017 at the research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Thirty male lambs with an initial body weight of 31.21±3 kg were used in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 replications for an 84-day feeding experiment. A similar experimental diet was used for all treatments which differed in the type of processed wheat. Experimental treatments included: 1- The diet contains whole wheat grain, 2- The diet containing milled wheat grain, 3-The diet containing wheat grain processed with urea and sodium hydroxide and milled, 4-The diet containing wheat grain processed with urea, formaldehyde and milled, 5-The diet containing wheat grain processed with urea and sodium hydroxide and pelleted and 6-The diet containing wheat grains processed with urea, formaldehyde and pellets. At the 80 day of the period, ruminal fluid samples were collected to determine Microbial population. On the last day blood sampling was done. The study of the results of blood biochemical and immune parameters showed that none of these parameters were not affected by experimental rations except for blood urea nitrogen. In association with the microbial population, results showed that the processing increased significantly in the total microbial and protozoan populations. The results of this study showed wheat grain consumption compared to unprocessed wheat and milled wheat, without negative effects on biochemical and blood safety parameters and with a positive impact on the rumen microbial population can be used for feeding fattening lambs.

Two hundred and forty Arbor Acres broiler chickens with 4 treatments and 4 replicates for 42 days in order to prevent environmental contamination due to the disposal of waste from the breweries and optimal usage of these wastes in broiler chickens. Chickens of a group were considered as control and fed with corn and soybean diet. In order to feed the other three groups, the base diet was replaced with 5, 7.5 and 10% lemon pulp respectively. The results indicated that the inclusion of 5 and 7.5% lemon pulp in diets had a significant effect on body weight (P>0.05), although the use of its 10% level significantly reduced body weight compared to the control group. Using the 10% level of lemon pulp increased the feed conversion ratio in the periods of 21-49 and 1-49 days (P<0.05). Using the 10 % level of lemon pulp reduced the blood cholesterol concentration and increased the production of antibody against red blood cells of sheep at 35 and 42 days of age (P <0.05). Although hemoglobin level and hematocrit percentage were not influenced by experimental treatments (P>0.05), the amount of reactive substances was affected by thiobarbituric acid (P<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of lemon pulp at 7.5% of the diet without affecting the body weight can stimulate the immune system, which is a good alternative to poultry diets.

In order to evaluate the effects of Essential® (a commercial mix of herbal essential oils containing Ricinoleic acid, Cardanol and Cardol) on milk production and composition and blood parameters, 20 Holstein dairy cows (DIM=80±20) were used in two experimental groups in completely randomized design. Experimental groups included: 1- control group (total mixed ration and no additive) and 2- Essential® group (supplementation of 13.5 gr Essential®/cow/day in the TMR) during 30 days of experimental period (consisted of 21 days adaptation followed by 9 days sampling period). The TMR consisted of 41.6% alfalfa hay, 2.83% cotton seed and 55.57% concentrate (Dry Matter bassis). There were no significant differences between experimental groups in milk production and compositions and 4% fat-corrected milk (P>0.05). Also, substantial differences were not observed between experimental groups in glucose, triglyceride, urea, albumin, total protein, LDL, HDL and hepatic enzymes (P>0.05). Essential® consumption led to higher cholesterol concentration and total antioxidant capacity than control group (P

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary hatchery waste meal (HWM) on egg weight and blood parameters in laying hens. A total of 240 fifty six week old laying hens (LSL) were randomly allocated to one of six treatment with four replicate cages of 5 birds per treatment. A group fed a basal corn- SBM diet and the other five groups were fed with diets prepared by introducing HWM into the same basal diet at the levels of 3 HWM, 6 HWM, 9 HWM, 12 HWM, and 15 HWM%. At the end of the experimental period (10 weeks) 5 birds from each treatment were randomly selected and blood samples were taken from their brachial veins and sera were harvested to analyze the specified serum variables. The highest serum concentrations of HDL and calcium were detected in HWM9 group. Dietary inclusion of HWM at the levels of 6, 9, 12 and 15 % resulted in significant reductions in serum glucose when compared with the control diet. Hatchery waste at the inclusion level of 6 % caused the highest average egg weight significantly (P<0.05) differing from those of the other treatments and the lightest eggs were produced by HWM9, HWM12, and HWM15 groups.According the results, it may be concluded that the HWM used in the current study can be included in layer diets with no adverse effect on egg weight and metabolism.

The Purpose of this experiment is to test The Accumulate Effects of glandless cottonseed meals with multi-enzyme supplementation on performance and haematological parameters of broiler chickens. This experiment was done in a six week period using 270 broiler chicks, (one day old from ROSS 308 stock) on a completely randomize design experiment with 6 treatments consisting of 3 replications and 15 chicks per pen. treatments were control (without cottonseed meal), cottonseed meal(CSM)with Gossypol, CSM with Gossypol plus ferrous sulphate(Feso4.7H2o), CSM with Gossypol plus ferrous sulphate and multi-enzyme(Rovabio Excel) glandless cottonseed meal, glandless cottonseed meal plus multi-enzyme. Cottonseed meal was used in 30% level in experimental treatments. Results of this study showed that glandless cottonseed meal in diet, caused to increased broiler's performance in comparison with other Cottonseed meal with Gossypol containing treatments(P<0.05). Supplementing glandless cottonseed meal with multi-enzyme has not any positive effect on broiler's performance. About carcass characteristics, supplementing of cottonseed meal with Gossypol by ferrous caused to increasing carcass percentage in comparison with other Cottonseed meal and glandless cottonseed meal containing treatments (P<0.05), but breasts percentage and thighs, neck, wings, liver, spleen, intestine length among treatments did not show significant differences(P>0.05). Relative weight of the gizzard in treatments taken cottonseed meal with Gossypol has significant difference with the control group(P<0.05). the number of red blood cells, platelets, hematocrit percentage, lymphocytes and neutrophils among treatments did not show significant differences (P>0.05). the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and haemoglobin in Cottonseed meal with Gossypol in comparison with other containing treatments did show significant differences(P<0.05). The results of this study showed that the use of free gossypol cottonseed meal in broiler diets can be a substitute for soybean meal.