جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « گشنیز » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

One of the important challenges in the agricultural sector is the low use efficiency of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, as well as the competition of weeds with crops. In this regard, it is important to use management solutions to reduce the use of chemical inputs. To increase the quality level of food used by humans while reducing environmental pollution. One of the management solutions is the use of controlled-release fertilizers. Considering the desire to increase the quantity and quality of the coriander plant and also to identify the best-studied genotype, research was conducted in this field to investigate the effect of different sources of nitrogen fertilizer and the competition of weeds in the region on the agricultural and medicinal properties of different genotypes of coriander. 

The experiment was carried out in factorial form based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the teaching and research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture Shahed University of Tehran in the 2019 season. An experimental treatment consisted of three factors including: 1) nitrogen fertilizer sources (Control treatment: without nitrogen fertilizer; SCU: with rate of N, 70 kg ha-1, and urea: with rate of N, 70 kg ha-1), 2) genotypes (Nahavandi, Pishgam and, Ethiopia), and 3) weeding (weedy and weeding by hand). The experimental plot size was 2×2 m2 dimensions with a plant spacing of 25 cm ×10 cm. A space of 1.5 m between plots and 2 m between blocks were maintained. At the end of the growth period, coriander plants of 1 m2 per plot were harvested, and fruit yield per plot was measured. Also, in the plots under weed competition, the competition index was evaluated. Sampling of weeds was done in two stages (in the growing stage of the main plant and another in the ripening stage of the seeds) using quadrats of 30 x 30 cm and the abundance and biomass of each plot was calculated. To evaluate the percentage of the essential oil of coriander seeds, the Clevenger device was used with the steam distillation method to identify and determine the essential oil compounds extracted from the gas chromatography device.

Related to the competitive indices, results showed that, the Pishgam genotype had the highest ability to withstand competition (%), and the lowest yield loss (%), and, the Nahandi genotype had the lowest ability to withstand competition (%) and the highest yield loss (%). It seems that the Pishgam genotype was more successful in competing with weeds due to its early maturity and higher germination rate. So, it has a higher ability to tolerate weed competition than other genotypes. Regarding fruit yield, the findings of this experiment revealed a significant increase in yield with the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the weeded plots. Additionally, the Ethiopian genotype exhibited the highest fruit yield among the weeded plots. However, the fruit yield of genotypes did not show significant differences in the un-weeded plots. This suggests that weed competition significantly limited fruit yield compared to the inherent characteristics of the genotypes assessed in this trial. Ethiopian genotype showed the highest percentage of essential oil in all nitrogen fertilizer sources. In the Pishgam genotype, the most essential oil was obtained in the sulfur-coated urea treatment but, in the Nahavandi genotype, the most essential oil belonged to the control fertilizer treatment. Due to the difference in the genetic structure of genotypes, various results have been observed, which can be due to the difference in the fertility of different genotypes. Also, the results of this experiment showed that the main composition of coriander essential oil is linalool.

The results showed that N fertilizer and weeding significantly increased seed yield. And the Ethiopian genotype had the highest seed yield and essential oil in weeded plots. Also, the Pishgam genotype had the highest Ability to withstand competition (%) and the lowest Yield loss (%).

Medicinal plants are one of the most important known herbal additives in feeding ruminant animals. It has been reported that medicinal plants with favorable effects on rumen fermentation improve the function of the digestive system and as a result feed intake, as well as the level of animal products and the growth rate of infants increases. Also, numerous and sometimes contradictory reports have been reported about the effects of using medicinal plants in the diet of different animals on blood parameters. Limited studies have been published regarding the addition of medicinal plants to the diet of mother ewes and its effect on the suckling lambs. Most of the studies are about the direct use of medicinal plants by lambs and its effect on the performance and other behavioral characteristics of the animal. Therefore, in the present study, the main goal was to investigate the effects of adding a mixture of different proportions of medicinal plants such as cumin, coriander seeds and peppermint to the ration of lactating ewes on the performance, blood parameters, and antioxidant status of the suckling lambs.

This research was conducted in a completely randomized design using 48 lambs with an average weight of 3.34±0.44 kg along with 24 lactating ewes with an average milk production of 1107.03±122.25 grams per day in individual stalls for a period of 65 days. The groups of mother ewes included: control (basic diet) and first, second and third treatments, in addition to the basic diet, were received 15 grams of cumin, coriander and peppermint mixed powder with the ratios of 60:30:10; 10:45:45 and 30:60:10 %, respectively. The lambs were weighed every two weeks and at the end of the experiment, blood was taken from the jugular vein.

The final weight and average daily gain (ADG) of lambs of first treatment were higher than other groups (P<0.05). Red blood cells (RBC) and hematocrit were the lowest in third and the highest in first treatments, although there was no significant difference with control. Platelets and red cell distribution width (RDW) in first treatment were lower than control (P<0.05). There was no difference between treatments in terms of white blood cells (WBC), percentages of lymphocytes and granulocytes. The concentration of blood glucose in lambs of first treatment decreased compared to control. The total antioxidant capacity of lambs from mothers receiving herbal supplement increased and malondialdehyde was lower compared to control.

The results showed that the use of a mixture of cumin, coriander and peppermint in the ration of mother ewes increased the antioxidant capacity and decreased malondialdehyde in suckling lambs, although ADG was not noticeable.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of biofertilizers such as phosphatebarvar-2 and seaweed extract in increasing growth traits, quality and quantity of coriander.

This study was carried out as a field experiment in a factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications. in the west of Iran, in 2016-2017. The first factor was consisted of seaweed extract in three levels (no extract, one percent and two percent) and the second factor was including phosphatebarvar-2 in two levels (inoculation and no inoculation).

The results showed that the interaction between phosphatebarvar-2 and seaweed extract had a significant effect on plant height, seed essential oil content, and phosphorus concentration in aerial parts. The highest essential oil content (0.448%) was obtained in the level of % 2 seaweed extract and inoculation with phosphatebarvar-2 fertilizer. The highest (4.962 kg/ha) essential oil yield was obtained in the treatment of inoculation with phosphatebarvar-2 and 1% seaweed extract. Also the highest (3.583%) amount of phosphorus in aerial parts was obtained in the treatment of inoculation by phosphatebarvar-2 and %2 seaweed extract.

The use of phosphate biofertilizer along with seaweed extract can improve the growth traits and quality of essential oil in coriander.

Genetic diversity of coriander is very important for future breeding programs and genetic resource conservation. To evaluate genetic diversity and population structures, 20 populations of coriander collected from different regions of Iran were assessed using 10 ISSR markers. The markers generated a total of 111 bands in the studied populations of which 80 bands were polymorphic. The average polymorphism ranged from 0.2 to 0.35 per primer. To determine the efficiency of ISSR markers, their polymorphic information content (PIC) and polymorphic percentage were calculated. The average polymorphism was 72.2 percent among the assessed population. Primers P2 showed the best marker parameters and were identified as the most effective primers for assessing genetic diversity in Iranian coriander populations. Cluster analysis based on the Jaccard coefficient by UPGMA classified populations into three groups. According to the results, there is a high genetic diversity among Iranian coriander and ISSR can effectively differentiate the populations. This genetic diversity could be employed by the plant breeders in further breeding programs to introduce new varieties and improve conservation strategies as well.

Coriander is an annual herb of the umbel family and is belonged from North Africa to south-western of Asia. Coriander is one of the important medicinal plant that used in the pharmaceutical industry and it mainly cultivated and widely distributed for the fruits. The dried fruits are widely employed as a condiment, especially for flavoring of sauces, meat products and bakery and confectionery items. Also, coriander fruits are as a source of essential oils and fatty oil. Water deficit stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and survival of plants in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Water is a major component of the fresh produce and significantly effects on weight and quality of plants. Also, water deficit may cause significant changes in the yield and composition of essential oils in aromatic and medicine plants. So that, was reported that water deficit increased essential oil percentage in coriander but decreased essential oil yield. Iran with an average annual rainfall of 240 mm is included among arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Of the million hectares of cultivated region, only five millions are under irrigation because of intense water limitations. However, Iran is one of the world’s commercial coriander producers. Coriander has been cultivated for many years in different parts of Iran. Therefore, development of drought-tolerant cultivars with high essential oil yield is important in coriander. This research was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on morphological, physiological and phytochemical characteristics of endemic coriander genotypes.

F2 generations derived from half-diallel crosses of six endemic coriander genotypes including Isfahan, Hamedan, Bushehr, Mazandaran, Markazi and Alborz, together with their parents were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications in each experiment during growing season of 2016 in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University. Plants were treated with different levels of water treatment: well watered (WW), moderate water stress (MWS) and severe water stress (SWS). Data were collected on fruit yield, oil content and oil yield. GGE biplot statistical method (genotype effect + genotype × environment interaction) was used to study stability of genotypes in the studied environments.

Results of Combined analysis of variance indicated that the effects of environments, genotypes and genotype × environment interaction were significant, suggesting that the genotypes responded differently in the studied environment conditions. So, there was the possibility of stability analysis. Results of stability analysis using GGE biplot method indicated that the two first and second principal components of the GGE biplot explained 71.9% of the total essential oil yield variation. Based on the hypothetical ideal genotype biplot, the genotypes G17 (Mazandaran  Hamadan) and G4 (Alborz   Mazandaran) were better than the other genotypes across environments for essential oil yield and stability and had the high general adaptation to all environments. Furthermore, the genotype G18 (Mazandaran   Bushehr) in E2 and E3 environments and genotype G9 (Markazi   Mazandaran) in E1 environment were superior genotypes with the high specific adaptation. Comparison of the studied environments showed that the E2 and E3 environments were quite similar in ranking, grouping and assessing stability of the genotypes, whereas the E1 environment was different from the other environments. Overall, the results showed that all environments had high discriminating ability so that could able to show differences between genotypes. The moderate stress environment was the nearest environment to ideal environment that had the highest discriminating ability and representativeness.

Generally, the results indicated that all environments had high discriminating ability so that could able to show differences between genotypes. Also, the genotypes G17 and G4 as stable and drought tolerant genotype can be considered as donor parent which contains drought tolerance genes and could be used to improve coriander high essential oil yield in drought condition.

A field experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2020, to evaluate physiological performance and grain and oil yield of coriander, in response to water limitation and foliar application of salicylic acid and brassinosteroid. Treatments were four levels of water supply (irrigation after 70, 100, 130 and 160 mm evaporation from class A pan) and three levels of foliar application (control (foliar application of water), foliar application of salicylic acid (1 mmolar) and foliar application of brassinosteroid (1 μmolar). Irrigation and foliar application treatments were allocated to main and subplots, respectively. In this study, proline content, leaf chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids content, antioxidant enzymes activity, soluble sugars and anthocyanin content and oil percentage and yield of coriander were evaluated. Water deficit stress resulted in a 20.6% and 21.6% decrease in chlorophylls a and b content, respectively and a 62.9% increase in leaf carotenoids. However, leaf proline content increased under water deficit stress. The mean leaf chlorophyll a content increased significantly (11.4%) compared to the control with salicylic acid

To investigate the effect of biological fertilizers and vermicompost, on vetch and coriander in different intercropping mixtures (medicinal forage), an experiment was conducted in split plot based on RCBD design with 3 replications. The experiment was conducted in Research Farm of College of Agriculture, University of Tehran in Karaj, Iran during growing season of 1389-1390   The main factor comprised of 4 levels of fertilizer application viz. control (no fertilizer application), vermicompost, biological fertilizer and biological fertilizer + 50% vermicompost.  The sub plots were allocated to 7 levels of different mixtures of intercropping of vetch and coriander including: sole cropping of vetch (weed infested) (Vw), sole cropping of vetch (weed free) (V0), sole cropping of coriander (weed infested) (Cw), sole cropping of coriander (weed free) (C0), intercropping of vetch + 50% coriander (VC50), intercropping of vetch + 75% coriander (VC75), and intercropping of vetch + 100% coriander (VC100).  The measured parameters  was weed biomass.  The results indicated that vemicompost across all levels of intercropping had significant effect on decrease weed biomass.  Also the lowest weed biomass was achieved in (VC75) and (VC100) intercroppings.  According to the results of this experiment, to decrease the consumption in herbicides and increase the level of health application of intercropping and natural fertilizers could be recommended.

The present study was conducted to study the effect of mycorrhiza and vermicompost biological fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.).

An experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatment and four replications was conducted at the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz farm in 2015-2016. The treatments were included mycorrhiza fungi (combination of Glomus mosseae, G.intraradices, G.etunicatum), vermicompost, chemical fertilizer and control. After ripening 50% of fruits, the number of umbels per plant, number of seed per umbel, seed weight per umbel and seed yield were measured. Phosphorus content and percentage of root symbiosis with mycorrhiza were measured by colorimetric and root staining methods, respectively. The essential oil of plants was extracted by water distillation method.

The results of mean comparison of data showed that the highest of number of umbels per plant (31.05), seed yield (673.24 g.m-2), percentage of mycorrhizal symbiosis (60.25%), phosphorus content of leaf (1.63 %) and essential oil content (0.44 %) were obtained in plants inoculated with mycorrhiza. Also, highest of plant height and number of seed per umbel were observed in chemical fertilizer and mycorrhiza treatments. The control plants had the least of the above traits. Among the components identified in coriander essential oil, Linalool was the most abundant component of essential oil in all treatments.

Overall, according to the results, the application of mycorrhizal fungi can be effective in increasing yield, yield components and essential oil of coriander.

Coriander is an annual herb of the umbel family and is belonged from North Africa to south-western of Asia. Coriander is one of the important medicinal plant that used in the pharmaceutical industry and it mainly cultivated and widely distributed for the fruits. The dried fruits are widely employed as a condiment, especially for flavoring of sauces, meat products and bakery and confectionery items. Also, coriander fruits are as a source of essential oils and fatty oil. Water deficit stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and survival of plants in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Water is a major component of the fresh produce and significantly effects on weight and quality of plants. Also, water deficit may cause significant changes in the yield and composition of essential oils in aromatic and medicine plants. So that, was reported that water deficit increased essential oil percentage in coriander but decreased essential oil yield. Iran with an average annual rainfall of 240 mm is included among arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Of the million hectares of cultivated region, only five millions are under irrigation because of intense water limitations. However, Iran is one of the world’s commercial coriander producers. Coriander has been cultivated for many years in different parts of Iran. Therefore, development of drought-tolerant cultivars with high essential oil yield is important in coriander. This research was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on morphological, physiological and phytochemical characteristics of endemic coriander genotypes.

F2 generations derived from half-diallel crosses of six endemic coriander genotypes including Isfahan, Hamedan, Bushehr, Mazandaran, Markazi and Alborz, together with their parents were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications in each experiment during growing season of 2016 in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University. Plants were treated with different levels of water treatment: well watered (WW), moderate water stress (MWS) and severe water stress (SWS). Data were collected on fruit yield, essential oil content and essential oil yield. GGE biplot statistical method (genotype effect + genotype × environment interaction) was used to study stability of genotypes in the studied environments.

Results of Combined analysis of variance indicated that the effects of environments, genotypes and genotype × environment interaction were significant, suggesting that the genotypes responded differently in the studied environment conditions. So, there was the possibility of stability analysis. Results of stability analysis using GGE biplot method indicated that the two first and second principal components of the GGE biplot explained 96.4% of the total essential oil yield variation. Based on a hypothetical ideal genotype biplot, the genotype G17 was better than the other genotypes across environments for essential oil yield and stability and had the high general adaptation in all environments. . Furthermore, the genotype G9 at E1 environment and genotype G18 in E2 and E3 environments were superior genotypes with the high specific adaptation. Too, the results showed that all environments had high discriminating ability so that could able to show differences between genotypes. The moderate stress environment was the nearest environment to ideal environment that had the highest discriminating ability and representativeness.

Generally, the results indicated that all environments had high discriminating ability so that could able to show differences between genotypes. Also, the genotype as stable and drought tolerant genotype can be considered as donor parent which contains drought tolerance genes and could be used to improve coriander high essential oil yield in drought condition.

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a heliophytic plant and native to southwestern Asia and the Mediterranean regions. This study was aimed to study the morphological diversity, phenological characteristics, and also expression of two important genes involved in the γ-Terpinene and Linalool biosynthesis pathways in the 14 different Iranian endemic populations of coriander as a medicinal plant. The seeds were planted in the growth chamber in the College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University in three replications in 2015-2016. The studied traits were included number of days to germination, number of days to emergence, number of days to stem, number of days to beginning of flowering, number of days to end of flowering, number of days to sowing, stem height, dry weight of single plant, single plant yield and one thousand seed weight. The results showed that the average seed yield obtained per plant with 14.37 and 14.47 g, was belong to populations of Tehran and Urmia, respectively. Markazi and Tehran populations had the highest weight of 1000 seeds with the average of 8.45 and 8.15 g, respectively. Tehran population had the lowest in terms of the number of days to germination and the number of days to emergence. After classifying the 14 populations in terms of genome size, from the three groups obtained and in each group, two populations were selected for the gene expression analysis. The results of expressions of CsLINS and CsγTRPS genes in six selected coriander populations showed that CsLINS in Mashhad and Tehran populations and CsγTRPS in Tabriz and Zanjan populations had the highest relative gene expressions. Yazd and Estahban populations showed moderate relative gene expression for both genes.

Evaluation of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) effect on weed control, yield, yield components and essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in mixed cropping were important objectives of this study.  

Experiment was carried out as a split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at the field of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research of Meshginehshahr in 2018. The effect of weed control as the main factor was included two levels of control and non-control of weeds and different planting pattern in 7 level: coriander sole cropping, hairy vetch sole cropping, intercropping of coriander and hairy vetch (1:1) with different spacing of plants on hairy vetch rows including 5 (A), 7.5 (B), 10 (C), 12.5 (D) and 15 (E) cm, were as sub factor.  

The highest number of lateral branches and essential oil percentage (0.29%) of coriander were obtained in E, number of umbrella per plant in all intercropping treatments, and the number of grains per umbrella in C and D treatments. The highest biological yield (3013 kg.ha-1) and grain yield (689.2 kg.ha-1) of coriander were obtained in sole cropping with weed control treatment, and the highest essential oil yields were obtained in sole cropping (1.85 kg.ha-1) and intercropping of coriander with hairy vetch at 15 cm distances on rows (1.86 kg.ha-1) in weed control conditions. The lowest weed biomass was recorded in intercropping with 5 cm distances of seeds on rows of hairy vetch without any differences with 7.5 and 10 cm distances of seeds, which led to decreases of weed biomass by 14.2 and 9.2 % compared to sole cropping of coriander and hairy vetch, respectively. Land equivalent ratio (LER) based on biological yield in all intercropping treatments was greater than 1 and indicated the superiority of intercropping over sole cropping in both crops in the studied treatments.  

In general, to achieve higher yield of coriander essential oil in intercroping with hairy vetch, planting distance of 15 cm of hairy vetch under weed control and planting distance of 5 cm of hairy vetch without weed control are appropriate. For more control on weed, planting of hairy vetch at distances of 5, 7.5 and 10 cm will be effective in intercroping with coriander.

 Optimal energy management in agricultural systems and the emission of greenhouse gases from agricultural activities is one of the topics of interest for researchers around the world. This research has used the field method to collect and record data in the form of interviews and questionnaires. Optimization of energy consumption and modeling of energy consumption for the production of these products were performed using artificial neural networks and data envelopment analysis. DEA-SOLVER and EMS13 software were used for analysis and farms were evaluated in terms of energy consumption and production performance. The results showed that the average energy per hectare of rapeseed, wheat and coriander is about 984375, 1338762 and 626771 MJ per hectare, respectively. In rapeseed and wheat crops, respectively 57.66% and 72.92% of energy input, belonged to chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizer, and in coriander, chemical toxins input had the highest share in energy input with 68.01%. Energy ratio index for products was 0.60, 0.91 and 0.50, respectively. As a result, the share of indirect energy was high in all products due to the use of chemical fertilizers and chemical toxins. The amount of technical efficiency, net technical efficiency and scale efficiency in rapeseed fields were estimated to be 0.89, 94 and 0.96, respectively. After chemical fertilizer, energy stored by fuel inputs with 15.98%, chemical toxins with 4.02% and seeds with 2.02% of total stored energy, after chemical fertilizer in the second to third ranks for they had the optimization of input energy.

Prevention and treatment of diabetes are a vital part of today’s lifestyle, which is associated with inactivity, stress, and bad eating habits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of coriander seed supplementary and selected aerobic exercise on some cardiovascular risk factors in overweight women with type 2 diabetes. In this semi-experimental study, 40 overweight diabetic (type 2) women with a mean age of 48.82±4.6 were randomly assigned to groups including aerobic exercise + coriander supplement, aerobic exercise +placebo, coriander supplement, and placebo. The aerobic training program consisted of eight weeks (three sessions week-1) of running at 60-72% of the maximum heart rate. Supplement recipient groups received 500 mg of coriander seed powder daily 30-60 minutes before lunch and dinner. Pre- and post-test blood samples were collected and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and t-test (P≤0.05) using SPSS software. The results of the intra-group analysis showed that serum levels of cholesterol and LDL-C decreased in exercise-supplement groups, and triglyceride and HDL-C levels did not change in any of the groups, significantly. Also, there were no significant differences between groups in any of the variables. The results of this study showed that eight weeks of coriander supplement and aerobic exercise could have beneficial effects on cholesterol and LDL-C levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, and as a result, it may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases by affecting blood lipids.

Coriander is one of the most important medicinal plants which has been used in the pharmaceutical industry. GGE Biplot method is one of the suitable methods for analyzing data with bilateral structure. In this research, the GGE Biplot model was used to evaluate the combinability of coriander essential oil yield in Diallel cross progenies of six parental coriander genotypes including Isfahan, Hamedan, Bushehr, Mazandaran, Markazi, and Alborz in the F1 generation in different irrigation regimes and three experiments separately through randomized complete blocks design with three replications in each experiment during the growing season of 2016. The results of genetic variance analysis showed that the effect of general and specific compatibility for essential oil yield was significant, indicating the importance of additive and non-additive genetic effects for this trait. In this study, the role of non-additive gene was more conspicuous than those of additive gene in controlling the essential oil yield. Therefore, providing superior hybrids by utilizing breeding methods based on the test progeny will be effective to improve these traits. Also, the results of the Biplot graphic analysis indicated that parental genotypes of Mazandaran (P4) and Bushehr (P6) had large specific and general compatibility and can be used as suitable parents for crosses to develop high-yielding varieties in coriander.

Introduction With limited arable land available around the word, some ways can be used to increase the production per unit area to meet the increasing human need for food. In addition to quantity, consideration of quality of products can lead to improve communities’ health. So, in the last few decades, application of organic and bio fertilizers has been taken into account in order to increase quantity of products as well as their quality. Mycorrhiza fungi are the most abundant microorganisms in the soil and are considered as essential factor in sustainable soil-plant system. The use of existing organic and inorganic fertilizers may stimulate the Mycorrhiza-plant root symbiosis and ensure the supply of nutrients to the plant for sustainable production. Filtercake is a main byproduct of sugarcane industry which is obtain during the processing of sugarcane syrup. Filtercake can be transformed into the valuable source of nutrients by biodegradation processes. Many studies have suggested that the use of fertilizers along with Mycorrhiza, especially phosphorous fertilizers, has negative effects on fungi symbiosis with plant root. Regarding this issue, the question arises that due to richness of Filtercake of organic matter, nutrients and microorganisms, is the Mycorrhiza interdependency affected by the addition of this organic manure to the soil? In order to answer this question, the present study was conducted to investigatethe interaction effect of Mycorrhiza(Glomus Intraradices)andFiltercake on coriander (Coriandrum Sativum L.) production. Materials and Methods In order to study the interaction effect of Filtercake and Mycorrhiza on the coriander production, a pot experiment was conducted in factorial completely randomized design with consideration of Mycorrhiza fungi (Glomus Intraradices) treatments at two levels of non-inoculation (m1) and inoculation with Mycorrhiza (m2), Filtercake in three levels of zero (f1), 1.5 (f2) and 3 wt.% (f3) with coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) as experimental plant in 4 replicates in the greenhouse of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during 2017-2018. Twelve weeks after sowing plants were harvested and considered parameters were measured. Data analysis was performed using SAS. Comparison of the meanings was performed using Duncan's test at 5% level. Excel were used to draw charts and graphs. Results and Discussion The highest plant height and root length were observed in treatment consist of Mycorrhiza and 3% Filtercake. Same trend was observed in case of aboveground (cilantro) and root dry weight. The presence of organic matter, increasing of quasi-hormonal activity and improvement of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil are among the factors that provide favorable conditions for vegetative growth and, as a result, increase plant yield. The application of Mycorrhiza increases concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in cilantro, at about 103, 40, 16 and 12 percent, respectively, which are about 11, 105 and 31 percent in case of iron, zinc and copper. Mycorrhiza has a positive effect on the nutrients content in plant, which can be attributed to increased absorption through the fungal hyphae and also to the enrichment of the plant's rhizosphere. The concentration of nutrients in cilantro was significantly increased due to increase in Filtercake level. Since most of the nutrients in the soil are immobilized, the addition of Mycorrhiza fungi can help to improve nutrient uptake by increasing the volume of root access and stimulating the mineralization processes. Application of Filtercake along with Mycorrhiza improves the biological status of the fungi. Increasing the level of the Filtercake from 0 to 3 percent increases colonized Root length, Mycorrhiza interdependency and colonization percent by 51, 22 and 28 percent, respectively. According to the results, the use of Filtercake not only does not reduce the Mycorrhiza indices, but also increases them and act as a key factor for encouraging symbiosis of fungi and plant, so contribute to the enhancement of plant growth parameters. Conclusion In most of the studied characteristics, the maximum amount were observed in the treatment containing 3% Filtercake and Mycorrhiza. So, the simultaneous application of Filtercake and Mycorrhiza increased the growth parameters of the coriander. Although both of treatments (Filtercake and Mycorrhiza) have been effective in increasing the concentration of essential elements in aboveground part of plant, the effect of Mycorrhiza on increasing the concentration of phosphorus and zinc is greater than its effect on other elements, which is for iron and copper in case of Filtercake. The use of organic manure, such as Filtercake, even with high nutrient content, cannot affect the Mycorrhiza interdependency and other colonization indices due to the low release rate of these elements into the soil environment. It seems that the combination of Mycorrhiza and Filtercake by increasing the microbial and enzymatic activities in the soil and the separate application of Mycorrhiza and Filtercake by improving the access ability of the nutrients leads to provide better growth of the plant.

Field experiment was carried out as split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017, to evaluate physiological and morphological performance and oil yield of coriander, in response to water limitation and foliar application of zinc. Treatments were four levels of water supply (irrigation after 70, 100, 130 and 160 mm evaporation from class A pan) and three levels of zinc foliar application (control (foliar application of water), foliar application of zinc with 3 g ZnSo4/L (Zn1) and foliar application of zinc with 6 g ZnSo4/L (Zn2)).Irrigation and foliar application treatments were allocated to main and sub plots, respectively. Decreasing water availability resulted in decreasing leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content. However, proline content of leaves enhanced under limited irrigation conditions. Mean leaf chlorophyll content significantly enhanced by exogenous spray of zinc with 6 g ZnSo4/L, compared with control. Decreasing water supply led to reduction in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant and grain yield. Foliar application of zinc with 6 g ZnSo4/L caused significant increase in plant height and grain yield. Oil percentage in the grains of coriander increased as a result of water deficit, but grain oil yield decreased with increasing irrigation intervals. Oil yield significantly enhanced by foliar application of zinc with 6 g ZnSo4/L. There was no significant difference between 3 and 6 g ZnSo4/L foliar application of zinc.This would become more important under conditions where water availability is limited.

In this study, the biplot method, was used to evaluate interrelationships among different traits in coriander. F1 Progenies derived from Diallel crosses among six coriander landraces were evaluated in three different irrigation conditions through randomized complete block design with three replications at the research field of college of agricultural during growing season of 2016. Results demonstrated that there was a significant positive association between fruit yield and fertile umbel number per plant, thousand fruit weight, fruit number per plant and relative water content in all of three irrigation conditions. Due to the negative correlation between phonological traits with fruit yield in all irrigation conditions, it could be concluded that to gain genotypes with high fruit yield selection for early ripening genotypes should be done in coriander. In this study, a significant correlation was observed between fruit yield and chlorophyll content, relative water content and cell membrane stability in both mild stress and intense stress conditions. Therefore, these traits can be used as physiological indices to evaluate drought tolerance in coriander. Also, results of biplot indicated that among studied genotypes, G16 was the most appropriate genotype for fruit yield and yield related traits.

Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum L.) has essential oil, lipid and protein, and the lack attention to seed storage condition causes physical and physiological damage and ultimately decreasesits quality and deterioration so a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was carried out and six levels of time storage (30, 60, 90,120,150 and 180 days), five level of seed moisture (5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 %) and four level of temperature (10,15,20 and 25 oc ) were studied. The results showed that the moisture content of 13% had severe harmful effects on seed germination at different temperatures compared to other humidity. In 5% moisture, an increase in temperature from 10 to 25 oc had no significant effect on germination indices especially seed germination percent and it was above 90 in all temperatures. The results of different seed packaging material showed that between aluminum, fabric, paper and cellophane, aluminum has less impact on the germination indices. The conclustion that can storage coriander seeds in the moisture content of 5% and aluminum packaging at temperature bellow 25 for long-term without a significant reduction in its maintenance.

About 65 to 70 percent of total cost of livestock breeding is related to nutritional issues. Sometimes antibiotics are used as feed additives to prevent the growth of intestinal pathogens, reduce metabolic abnormalities, stimulating growth and improving feed conversion efficiency in farm animals. The creation of resistance in pathogens and the possibility of antibiotics remaining in products are the main disadvantages of antibiotics usage in livestock and poultry nutrition as a growth stimulator. The tendency to use secondary plant metabolites has increased as a way to improve livestock and poultry performance. This study was carried out to determine the effect of using Bioherbal plant powder on digestibility, blood parameters and gas production parameters in Holstein fattening calves.

Ten male Holstein fattening bull-claves with average weight of 310±30 Kg divided into two groups and randomly were allocated to one of the experimental treatments. Animal on Bioherbal group are received basal diet plus 20g of Bioherbal per day. Daily rations were offered to calves during three meals adlibitum rations. Calves were weighed every two weeks before the morning feeding. At the end of each experimental period, fecal sample was collected from each calf through a rectum and stored in a freezer. At the last day of each period, the blood sample was taken from the jugular vein and the plasma isolated and kept in the freezer for further analysis. At the end of the experiment, the feed or fecal samples were dried in an oven at 60 ° C for 48 hours, and milled for further analysis for chemical composition and nutrients digestibility. Statistical analysis for data were done with the proc mixed of SAS software.

The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF) and acid detergent insoluble fibers (ADF) was greater in Bioherbal group when compared with control group (P<0.01). Daily weight gain was numerically higher in the Bioherbal group (1.78 Kg) than the control group (1.35 Kg), but no significant difference was observed (P=0.06). Feed intake in the Bioherbal group (11.54 Kg) was significantly higher than the control group (10.81 Kg) (P <0.05). Conversion coefficient in Bioherbal group (6.50) was lower than control group (8.02) (P<0.05). Blood glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol concentration didn’t show any meaningful variance between groups (p>0.05). There was a significant difference between control and Bioherbal treatment in terms of gas production (P <0.01). The highest amount of gas production was related to Bioherbal treatment and the lowest amount was related to control ones.

The results of this study indicate that the Bioherbal plant supplement improves the digestibility of nutrients, dry matter intake, feed conversion and weight gain of Holstein fattening calves.

  Heavy metals are the pollutants that became a global problem because of their stability in environment. Each year on a global scale thousands of tons of heavy metals are release into the soil system. The most important pathway of exposure to human is daily intake of food. Accumulation of heavy metals in soil and cross the critical limit, make unsafe food which is menacing human health. The human body is adopted with essential elements such as iron, copper, manganese and zinc in special dose but high concentration of iron and manganese cause Parkinson's disease. High concentration of copper causes damage to the liver and high concentration of zinc causes malfunctioning of copper which has effect on immune system. Other metals such as lead and cadmium at any concentrations induced renal tumors, reduced growth and increased blood pressure, therefore, the risk of cardiovascular diseases for adults can be increased.This experiment was conducted to evaluate the non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals in spinach and coriander grown on metal contaminated soils which were collected from vicinity of Khuzestan Steel Company. For this purpose, topsoil samples (0-15 cm) were collected from around of Khuzestan Steel Company according to prevailing wind direction (east-west). Exact sampling location was determined using GPS. Total metal content was determined using aqua-regia solution digestion method. EDTA and DTPA extractable metal also measured with standard methods. The experiment was laid out in factorial completely randomize designs with three treatments consist of distance (100, 1000 and 10000 meters), vermicompost (0, 3% w/w) and peat in (0, 3% w/w) with three replications. Seeds of spinach and coriander were sown in pots and harvested after 8 weeks. Total metal content in plants analyzed after digestion with di-acid mixture. According to toxic level of Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb and Ni hazard quotient was calculated. The results showed that organic manures stabilize metals and reduce the risk of their release into the environment. The effect of Peat on adsorption and reducing heavy metals transfer to plant was higher than vermicompost, whiles vermicompost was more effective in increasing fresh and dry weight of both of plants. By and large, heavy metals were reduced in soils as distance from factory increased. This is indicating the role of the factory to contaminate the surrounding land. Hazard quotient value in case of lead and cadmium were more than permissible limit but about others were acceptable which may be related to soil properties which are preventing heavy metals solution. According to nutrition aspects of vegetables and importance of providing high quality food, application of organic manure in soil can be effective not only in increasing quantity of production but also in quality of them especially in case of polluted area.