جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « روی » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

In this research the factors affecting the willingness of Saman almond and peach orchardists to pay per cubic meter of zayanderood’s water in 2018 according to logit model was studied. Based on the obtained data from face-to-face interviews and the questionnaires filled by 152 orchardists according to random sampling method, the willingness to pay by the gardeners per cubic meter of water was estimated as 14860 Rials. The results of logit model also reveal that the education level, distance from the river, garden price, garden age and the type of product have a positive effect on people willingness to pay while the suggested price, horticultural history and the rate of water right have a negative effect on that. Since possibility of willingness to pay has a direct relationship with the education level and a reverse relationship with horticultural history, it is suggested to teach the importance and value of water to the orchardists by performing promotion education classes.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility of aggregating and estimating the collective demand function for meat commodity groups (mutton, beef, poultry, canned fish, southern fish and northern fish) using Weak Separability methods, generalized composite commodity and the demand function of Iranian urban households. Necessary data and information were obtained from the annual statistics of expenses and income of Iranian households of the Statistics Organization for the period of 2005-2020. The results of income elasticity showed that two canned goods, fish and southern fish, are considered luxury for Iranian urban households. Northern fish with a self-price pull of -1.28 is most sensitive to price changes against other types of meat. Also, canned fish and southern fish are substituted based on the intersection of canned fish. According to the results of the Separability test for different types of meat, different types of meat can be divided into two groups of red and white meat.

Due to the importance of climate change on agricultural production and the dependence of yield on rainfall, the purpose of this article is to investigate effect of climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, fertilizer and onion inputs on saffron yield in cities of Khorasan provinces during the years 1398-1380. For this purpose, using Ricardin model and mixed spatial autoregressive model (SAR), the effect of climate change in three climates: hot and dry, temperate and cold in the mentioned provinces was investigated. The results of the model in three climates showed that the amount of rainfall, fertilizer and onion, contrary to temperature, have a positive and significant effect on saffron yield and the significance of the spatial interruption coefficient of the dependent variable confirms the existence of spatial effects. According to the results of this study, it is necessary to increase the serious events of high temperature and decrease rainfall and reduce the yield of saffron in future periods and the undeniable role of saffron in livelihood, employment and income generation of farmers in the region.

In this regard, first, by using household income and expenditure data, income distribution indicators in rural areas are calculated. Then, the factors affecting these indicators will be investigated in the period of 2018-2018. Income distribution indices in this article are calculated in three categories and then using (2) regression model of the effects of financial variables Income distribution is calculated.The results of this research indicate that increasing the tax rate in rural areas, if the distribution of income among the rich is not appropriate, can improve the mentioned distribution. But the government's expenses in general cause the distribution of income in favor of the poor, which is not significant when these expenses are divided into current and construction expenses. Also, the economic policymaker can use indirect taxes as a tool to stabilize income distribution in a favorable situation. In the end, the effect of financial development is different according to the state of income distribution in rural areas and Kuznets hypothesis is not confirmed in rural areas.

Daj region, which is part of Bam city, has high potential in the field of medicinal plants due to its great plant diversity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and determine the suitability for the use of medicinal plants in this field. This research was conducted based on the method of FAO, 1991 (using Arc-GIS 10.4.1 package). In this method, to determine the suitability classes, the use of rangelands for different classes are considered as four good quality classes (S1), medium (S2), poor (S3) and unsatisfactory (N). The restrictive condition method was also used to determine the final model. According to the results, the most limiting environmental factor for harvesting medicinal species is the economic index of production. According to the results of this study The economic index of production is considered as an important limiting factor for competence, especially for the plant types of Fourtonia sp and Cousinia stocki, so that these two communities are considered unsuitable in terms of harvesting medicinal species and also plant types Rhazya stricta and Zygophllum eurypterum have poor competence in this index, according to this modeling, the competence of three plant communities of Amygdalus scoparia- Pistacia atlantica, Artemisia sieberi, Amygdalus scoparia was assessed as moderate which can be utilized by indigenous individuals to have better livelihood.

In the science of botany, the classification of plants is very important. Classification is also an effective way of organizing data, helps us to understand plants better, and get more information about them. By classifying plants, we can identify more patterns and relationships between species. This information helps us in choosing the best methods of growing and maintaining plants. Knowledge of various properties and characteristics of plants is essential for classification. The multiplicity of effective features in classification makes it more accurate. But the increase of parameters challenges the decision maker and the role of uncertainty in decision-making becomes prominent. To manage uncertainty, a flexible structure is needed. In this article, a flexible structure for classification of flowering plants is presented using granular calculations based on Pythagorean fuzzy. Reviewing and comparing the classification of iris flowers based on the presented model with intuitive classification shows that the proposed model has an acceptable accuracy in the clustering of flowering plants.

This research was conducted to evaluate the extraction methods and also the encapsulation of lemon grass extract on the efficiency of extraction of effective components and some physical properties of the extract. Extraction was done by Soxhlet and ultrasonic methods. The extracts were encapsulated using solutions of wall materials including cyclodextrin and sodium caseinate. The extraction efficiency of the extract was measured and compared in two methods. The results showed that ultrasonic extraction significantly increased the extraction efficiency of citronellol, eugenol, linalool, and betacaryophyllin B compared to the Soxhlet method (p<0.05). Encapsulation of the extract with sodium caseinate compared to beta-cyclodextrin increases the production efficiency of microencapsulation (85.7 vs. 84%), increases moisture content (4.86 vs. 3.9%) and decreases mass density (250.21 vs. 547 kg/ M3) (p<0.05). The score of the sensory properties of lemon grass extract, including colour, smell and taste, was higher in the ultrasound method than in the Soxhlet method, and in sodium caseinate microcapsules, it was higher than beta-cyclodextrin. In general, ultrasonic extraction increased the efficiency of extracting effective substances and coating with sodium caseinate improved the physical and sensory properties of lemon grass extract. Therefore, it is recommended to extract lemon grass by ultrasonic method and cover the extracted extract with sodium caseinate to improve its use in food, cosmetic and medical industries.

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a plant with a high economic value, and the use of micro propagation techniques will be very effective in the vegetative propagation of uniform superior cultivars and genotypes of walnut. In order to optimize walnut tissue culture, in this research, fresh branches of Pekan variety walnut trees were separated and transferred to the laboratory. For sterilization, callus formation and somatic embryogenesis, three experiments were performed with different treatments. Six sterilization treatments in a completely randomized design with 4 replications were considered for this research. In order to obtain callus, DKW culture medium was considered as the basic culture medium. 8 treatments of callus formation were investigated in a completely randomized design in 3 replications. In order to achieve indirect somatic embryogenesis, different combinations of TDZ and NAA were investigated in a completely randomized design in 4 replications. The results of analysis of variance of sterilization data indicated the existence of a significant difference between the mentioned treatments. The results of sterilization treatments showed 20% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes along with 70% alcohol for 15 seconds as the best result for sterilization of explants. DKW medium supplemented with 3 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L NAA gave the best result in callus formation. TDZ in the amount of 6 μM along with NAA in the amount of 0.2 μM had the best results in the embryogenesis of the resulting callus.

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the SWAP model to simulating yield and water productivity of potato under deficit irrigation conditions in the main potato cultivation regions of Razavi Khorasan province, including Fariman, Ghoochan, and Golmkan in 2019. First, the model performance to simulate the leaf area index and potato yield was evaluated based on the measurements taken from the fields of three locations. Then, using the evaluated model, the potato yield and water productivity were simulated under different irrigation and deficit irrigation scenarios, including irrigation based on farmer management, and 100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50% of potato water requirement. The results showed that the SAWP model had good performance in simulating potato leaf area index (R2>0.89 and RMSE<0.73), yield (R2=0.96 and RMSE=5.908 kg ha-1), and water productivity (R2=0.93 and RMSE=0.5 kg m-3). Compared to full irrigation, by reducing irrigation water amount to 50% of the water requirement, the potato yield decreased. The amount of yield decrease for each one percent decrease in the amount of irrigation water in Ghoochan, Fariman, and Golmkan was 255.97, 120.19 and 78.62 kg ha-1, respectively. The potato water also increased by using deficit irrigation up to 50% of the water requirement in Golmkan and Fariman and up to 90% of the water requirement in Ghoochan. In general, by adopting the deficit irrigation at the level of 80% of the water requirement in Golmakan and Fariman and 90% of the water requirement in Ghoochan, it is possible to improve the water productivity compared to full irrigation while maintaining the optimum yield.

The commodity analysis of Iran's agricultural exports during the period 2015-2022 showed that the tomato export, with an average of 758 thousand tons worth 403 million dollars, includes on average about 20% of the export volume and 14% of the export value of the major agricultural goods.Including the production of this product in greenhouses, there are about 6 million tons of tomatoes produced annually. Considering that mostly the amount of surplus production is more than the amount of export of tomato products, it will be important to create a comparative advantage based on production capacity in the country.In order to determine Iran's position in the world market, the relationship between production and export, the export route of tomatoes, the revealed comparative advantage and revealed symmetric comparative advantage index was estimated for Iran and other main tomato exporting countries. Next, based on the vector auto regressive model and the VEC model , the relationship between the production and the export advantage of tomato in the world was investigated. The results showed that Iran has a comparative export advantage in tomato export in recent years and has gone through a growing trend in terms of export advantage and has surpassed some competing countries such as Turkey.Also, the estimation results showed that among the main tomato exporting countries, Iran's export advantage and tomato production in the country have a long-term and significant relationship. Continuous presence in international markets requires appropriate policies in foreign trade. If Iran adopts this product in order to improve its production and strengthen its relationship with export, it will increase the opportunity to be present in the international market of this product.

Agricultural activities are always associated with risks for farmers due to dealing with living organisms. In these activities, all kinds of natural, social, and economic risks go hand in hand and provide vulnerable situations for producers. The result of this fragility and vulnerability causes instability in incomes. This research aims to determine the identification and prioritization of the parameters of agricultural contracts using the AHP hierarchical analysis process combination model and similarity to the ideal option of TOPSIS in Razavi Khorasan province through a researcher-made questionnaire based on the studies and research done, from 13 experts and experts. In the field of agriculture, a contract was made that was selected based on their expertise. In this research, 2 criteria and 14 options were considered; And TOPSIS and AHP methods were used to weight the criteria, identify and prioritize agricultural contract parameters. The results showed that the criterion weight for promoting farmers' participation in contract agriculture is 0.692 and the criterion weight for helping food security and increasing production in contract agriculture is 0.308; Also, based on the weights obtained for the criteria and based on the TOPSIS prioritization method, among the parameters of agricultural contracts, the highest rank was related to holding training classes and technical consultation, and the lowest rank was related to the type of contract (bilateral-multilateral). Based on the results obtained from this research, it is suggested that the agricultural jihad organization or the private sector should consider parameters such as the holding of training classes and technical advice, the existence of trading options, the type of contract (written-verbal), the presence or absence of the requirement to determine the degree. pay attention to the quality, duration of the contract, type of contract (direct-intermediate), supply of inputs; In this case, it is expected that the participation of farmers in contract farming will increase.

Lack of attention to environmental, economic, structural and service sustainability destroys agricultural production. Therefore, for stability in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to pay attention to sustainable production criteria.In this paper, the composite indices of environmental, economic, and service-structural productivity sustainability of barley and maize in the provinces of Iran during 2001-2019 were calculated using Integration AHP and TOPSIS approaches, and then the indices of each province were classified separately with ISDM method. In the AHP prioritization results have more preference environmental, economic, and service-structural criteria, respectively. In most provinces, during the time period Average sustainability barley and maize are more sustainable in economic, environmental and service-structural criteria respectively. The results periodic averages and ISDM classification of barley and grain corn criteria in during the time period, indicated that the downward trend in barley and maize sustainability criteria and rising trend for economic criteria in the some provinces due to the improvement of labor productivity. Also in most provinces the sustainability of environmental, economic and service-structural criteria was roughly divided into three periods: 2001-2008, 2009-2014, and 2015-2019. In most of the provinces, the results ISDM classification three sustainability criteria were mostly in the moderate class and in the moderate unsustainable subclass is more than the moderate sustainable subclass. The most effective factor in environmental sustainability is water resources, in economic sustainability is income and profit and in service-structural sustainability is packaging and transportation. It is suggested that environmental sustainability with management in the consumption of water resources and inputs and increasing water productivity; Economic stability by organizing product prices and production costs; And service-structural sustainability should be improved by organizing packaging and transportation, and agricultural subsidies should be applied considering sustainability.

Intense competition and complexity of markets have led to the innovation variable being considered a key issue for the continuation of firms' activities. Therefore, firms have turned to entrepreneurship and the use of new technologies to control it. Based on this, the aim of this research is to investigate the moderating role of internet of things (IoT) capability and competition intensity in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and product innovation in knowledge-based firms. This research is considered as quantitative and applied studies. The statistical population includes knowledge-based manufacturing firms in the field of biotechnology, agriculture and food. In this research, Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample and a questionnaire was used to collect data. It should be mentioned that 177 analyzable data were received from the studied firms. On the other hand, relationships between the research variables were investigated and analyzed with the method of structural equation modeling in the form of partial least squares. The result of the first hypothesis showed that entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on product innovation. Also, based on the result of the second hypothesis, moderating role of IoT capability in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and product innovation was found to be significant. On the other hand, the third hypothesis showed that the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and product innovation is strengthened in high competitive conditions. Finally, the contribution of this research has been to provide a new conceptual model, fill the existing gap and increase the subject literature.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the alignment of the curriculum planning system of agricultural vocational schools with entrepreneurship education, using a mixed exploratory method (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative part of the research, first by reviewing the theoretical literature, the effective factors on the planning system of agricultural vocational schools were identified. Then, to determine the obstacles of entrepreneurship education, a group of experts (n=8) was invited to hold a meeting in the style of a focus group. Questionnaires were included in three rounds using the Delphi method to ask the opinions of experts (n=30) who were experts in the fields of agriculture, management and planning. After receiving the first round of Delphi questionnaires, experts' opinions were checked. The cases whose dispersion coefficient was 0.5 and less, in addition to the new cases proposed by the experts, were put to the opinion poll in the second round of Delphi, and the results of the second round were analyzed in the same way as the first round, and the experts were asked for their opinion again in the third round was presented. Finally, in the third round, the final model including 12 components and 148 sub-components was obtained. The results of the three Delphi steps show that the components of content, art students and teaching methods rank first to third, respectively, which need to be considered in order to align curriculum with entrepreneurship education.

In recent years, circular business models have attracted the attention of many business fields. The agri-food sector is also facing new challenges in order to reduce losses and food waste along its supply chain. In this context, the adoption and application of circular business models provide opportunities to promote the transition towards a more sustainable performance and a more economically suitable future. Therefore, the current research has identified the benefits of using circular business models in the agri-food sector with a qualitative approach and a meta-synthesis method. In this regard, the number of 57 related studies was evaluated and finally, after reviewing, 29 articles were selected and analyzed using the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso, in two stages of open coding and axial coding. In this way, the most important identified benefits of using circular business models in the agri-food sector were categorized into five main categories: economic, environmental, value chain, marketing and social. In the end, according to the propositions of the research, suggestions were presented. In an important example, the policy makers and those involved in the agri-food sector should raise the awareness of the society (through culture building by television and radio and schools) and farmers (through holding courses and helping to revalue the product and by-products and their labeling). In addition, the creation of facilities and financial incentives can also be effective in providing the prerequisites for the implementation and success of circular business models in agri-food sector.

The covid-19 pandemic overshadowed the performance of small and medium food industries as well as other businesses. Considering the central role of innovation in critical conditions and also the vital role of small and medium food industries in economic development, the current research was carried out with the aim of explaining the performance of small and medium food industries in Mazandaran based on the innovation approach during Covid-19 pandemic. The current research is a causal studiy that used the quantitative research paradigm and field survey method. The statistical population included 500 small and medium food industries in Mazandaran. 217 businesses were selected as a sample based on the table of Krejci and Morgan and by random sampling method. The data collection tool was a five-option Likert scale questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed by calculating ordinal theta coefficient (θ= 0.831). SPSS26 and Smart-PLS3 were used for descriptive and inferential data analysis, respectively. The results showed that organizational innovation had a more prominent role in explaining performance compared to other forms of innovation. In addition, the evidence showed that if a business has an acceptable innovation capability, this capability leads to improved innovative performance through improved innovation status, and this in turn results in improved production, market and financial performance in critical conditions. Therefore, in order to survive and grow in crisis conditions and improve innovative performance, practitioners and business owners are expected to focus on improving innovation capability and then concentrate on promoting organizational innovation.