جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مرغ گوشتی » در نشریات گروه « علوم دام »

a reduced circulatorys lipids influences carduvascular health and therefore it may improves productive performance in birds. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects the dietary inclusion of the atorvastatin and gemfibrozil drugs into a pelleted diet on productive performance and immune response in broiler chickens.

a total number of 54, 10-day old broiler chicks were used to examine the efftes of the three experimental treatents. The treatments consisted of a basal diet in the pelleted form (control), and addition of atorvastatin (20 mg/kg) and gemfibrozil (1800 mg/kg) in the same diet. Effects of the treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized design in 9 replicates of 2 birds each.

Inclusion of gemfibrozil into the basal diet improved feed conversion ratio during day 14 to 42 of age (p<0.05). Nosignificant effect was found for lipid-lowering drugs on the proportional weight of the immune organs and differential leukocytes counts. Antibody titer against Newcastle virus showed a significant difference among the treatments at day 21 of age. There was a lower antibody titer against Newcastle virus in the birds maintained on the diet containing gemfibrozil (p<0.05). Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity responses elicited by intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin were not differing among birds receiving basal diet with lipid-lowering drugs atorvastatin and gemfibrozil.

No significant effect of lipid-lowering drugs atorvastatin and gemfibrozil were found on immune system function in broiler chickens.

This current study was performed to evaluation of the effects of flaxseed on performance and some blood parameters in broilers. One hundred ninety-two one day-old Ross 308 broilers in 16 experimental units (12 birds in each experimental unit) were used with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments include Treatment 1: Diet based on corn and soybean meal. 2) Diet with 2.5% flaxseed. 3) Diet with 5% flaxseed. 4) Diet with 7.5% flaxseed. Functional traits were measured periodically. Blood samples were taken at 21 and 42 days of age to measure some blood parameters. The results showed that the use of 7.5% flaxseed in the diet caused a significantly (P<0.05) decrease in daily weight gain (DWG). Inclusion of 5% flaxseed in diet significantly reduced glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes activities (P <0.05). Based on the results of this study, dietary inclusion of 5% flaxseed in broilers diets is recommended.

To calculate the thecnical efficiency of broiler meat industry in Golestan Province parametric and non-parametric methods were used. The research tool was a questionnaire completed in production year 2016-2017 by interviewing the mangers of 90 broiler breeding farms. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by consulting experts and professors and its reliability was confirmed by using SPSS software and Cronbach's alpha of 0.6%. Based on the capacity of the farm license, all active units were divided into three classes, and the sample size in each class was calculated with the Cochran formula. In the parametric method, the Cobb-Duglass randomization function and Stata software were used. Non-parametric data envelopment analysis method was performed using Excel. The results of the parametric model showed that increasing the input variables area of saloons, treatment and energy costs and number of labors had increased the technical efficiency (P<0.01). There was no significant effect of the number of one-day-old chicks and the amount of food consumption on the farms efficiency. The nonparametric results showed that in the overall efficiency estimation of all 90 units, 14 farms were efficient, but when the classes of capacity were taken into account, the number of the efficient farms increased to 26 units. It can be suggested that inefficient farms take advantage of how labor units, treatment and energy costs are allocated in the efficient farms and try to make optimal use of one-day-old chicks and amount of food consumption to get closer to the efficiency barriesrs.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of pre-slaughter feed withdrawal (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 h) and thermal treatments (-4 to -6, 22 and 38 to 40 ºC) on carcass features as well as certain blood parameters using 450 male broiler chickens during days 35 to 42 of age. Effects of the 15 experimental treatments evaluated in a 3×5 factorial fashion in 3 replicates of 10 birds each in a completely randomized design. Water uptake significantly reduced when birds subjected to eight hours of pre-slaughter feed withdrawal (P<0.05). Heat stress before slaughter increased weight loss and decreased thigh meat pH at 24 h postmortem compared with the birds kept in normal ambient temperature (P<0.05). Cold and heat treatments resulted in significant decrease and increase, respectively, in the rectal temperature of the birds (P<0.05). Blood potassium concentration decreased in the birds subjected to 8 h pre-slaughter feed removal (P<0.05). Acute heat exposure during pre-slaughter period significantly decreased blood concentration of phosphorus compared with the birds kept in normal ambient temperature (P<0.05). It was concluded that pre-slaughter starvation up to six hours exert no significant effect on water uptake and other variables concerned in broiler carcass. Exposure to a high ambient temperature imposes a greater negative impact than cold stress on pre-slaughter feed deprived broiler chickens.

The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion of soybean hull on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters of broiler chickens from the age of 1 to 42 days. A total of 240 day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) which were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 12 birds in each replicate. Experimental treatments were control diet and diets containing 2.5, 5 and 7.5% of soybean hull. Results of present study showed that, adding the soybean hull decreased linearly and quadratically (P<0.05) the average daily feed intake (ADFI) at starter, grower and the whole period, Inclusion of soybean hull in broilers diets reduced quadratically (P=0.02130) the average daily weight gain (ADWG) at starter period. The addition of soybean hull at grower period and the whole of period improved linearly and quadratically. (P<0.05) the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control treatment. Supplementing 5 percent of soybean hull in broilers diet significantly (P<0.05) increased the production efficiency factor (PEF) compared with the control diet. None of the carcass characteristics of broiler chickens were affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05). Also, different levels of soybean hull had no significant effect on blood parameters (P>0.05). The concentrations of Alanine aminotransferase in broiler chickens fed 2.5% soybean hull was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01).  In general, the results of present study indicated that due to the positive impact of soybean hull on conversion ratio and production efficiency factor, it can be used up to 5% in broiler diets.

Poultry meat with a high share in the food consumption is one of the most basic products for supplying protein to households. Due to the high amount of pollutants in this part, the environmental impact of the production of this product is necessary. In the present study, the environmental impact of broiler chicken production in both industrial and traditional breeding methods were evaluated using Life cycle assessment method in Mazandaran province. The environmental impacts of producing one ton of poultry were evaluated by IMPCAT 2002 methods in the form of 15 midpoint environmental indicators and 4 endpoint environmental indicators. The results of industrial chicken breeding showed that inputs such as fatty acids, food (soybean meal, corn, and wheat) and energy (electricity, diesel and natural gas) have the highest contribution to creating different midpoint environmental indicators. At the same time evaluating environmental indicators of chicken production in the traditional method showed that the highest share in the most environmental indicators related to the use of rice bran. Also the results showed that for the production of a one ton of industrial broiler chicken, the human health indicators 0.0063 (DALY), ecosystem quality 14321.46 (PDF.m2.yr), climate change 9300.45 (kg CO2 eq), and resources 42072.93 (MJ primary) and for the production of one ton of broiler chicken in the traditional way (organic), human health indices 0.0262 (DALY), ecosystem quality 52324.33 (PDF.m2.yr), climate change 35329.45 (kg CO2 eq) and resources 224848.1 (MJ primary). The overall results obtained from weighted environmental indicators showed that the production of broiler chickens by the industrial method due to the short growth period of the chicks, had lower environmental effects than traditional production methods.

The poultry industry is very important in terms of supplying a significant portion of the country's food and protein needs. In this research, the energy consumption of broiler chickens has been evaluated. For this purpose, information was collected from 45 broiler chicken producers randomly collected in Mazandaran province. In this study, energy consumption and energy indices were calculated first and then, using artificial neural network, output energy modeling was considered as a function. The results of this study showed that total input and output energy in broiler chicken meat production was 153.79 and 27.45 GJ per 1000, respectively. In broiler chickens, the highest inputs were consumed with 61.48%. The energy ratio in the production of this product was also calculated to be 0.18. The artificial neural network results showed that the best structure for estimating the energy consumption of broiler chicken meat was estimated to be 5-12-1. The coefficient of explanation for the best structure for broiler chicken production was 0.99 for training data. Therefore, this model was selected as the best method for estimating the output energy based on input energy in the study area. In assessing the effectiveness of inputs on the outputs, the fossil fuel showed the highest sensitivity among the production inputs that reveals the needs for revision of the energy resources more than ever.

With increasing population, demand for chicken meat has increased and resource constraints have led to increased production with an emphasis on improving the productivity of inputs and energy indices, so studying energy consumption in broiler production is important. One of the important issue in broiler industry is energy consumption. In this study, energy consumption flow and amount of energy production were investigated for broiler farms in Alborz province. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. Input energies were consisted of feed, fuel (gas and gas oil), electricity, labor, equipment and chicken. Output energy were the broiler and manure. The total of input and output energies were obtained 125.2, 24.9 GJ/1000Birds, respectively. The highest share of energy consumption belonged to fuel (gas and diesel) with 50.85% and feed with 42.44%, and the machine and labor with 0.16 and 0.07 % were the lowest share among the input energies.  Energy indices, including energy ratio and energy efficiency were obtained 0.199 and 0.019 kg/MJ, respectively. Comparison of energy in three levels of hatching: ˂15000, 15000≤ ˂30000 and ≥30000 chicks showed that total energy inputs were 139.35, 130.55, 105.71, GJ/1000Birds, respectively; the ratio of energy was 0.179, 0.191, 0.236 and energy productivity was 0.017, 0.019 and 0.02 kg.MJ-1, respectively. Econometric model evaluation showed that chicken energy was the most significant input which affects the output in 1% level. If chicken energy increases 1MJ/1000birds, broiler meat production will increase 2.68 kg. Sensitivity analysis results showed that the major Marginal physical productivity (MPP) was obtained for labor energy, followed by chicken energy. The MPP of machine, electricity, fuel and feed were negative indicating that these inputs applied more than the amount required or were not applied properly. Thus, development of broiler farm mechanization and increasing capacity of broiler units is recommended.

As population grows and consequently the increase of application and the elevation of people`s lives, energy use has increased in poultry production industry. Regarding the importance of energy as an effective input in poultry, this research is done for efficiency analysis and index management of Broiler production in Maku Free Zone. The required data are gathered by the questionnaire and interview in 21 units of poultry during November,December and January 2015 in incubation period. Energy efficiency is calculated using Data Envelopment Analysis by constant and variable return to scale model relating to scale for 5 energy inputs including chicks, seeds,fuel, electricity, labor and 2 outputs like chicken and manure. According to the constant return to scale model it is observed that considering 21 units of poultry, 13 poultries (61.9%) had efficiency scores and 8 poultries (38.1%) had non-efficiency scores. Also according to constant return to scale model, 15 units (7.42) were efficient and 6 units (28.57%) were non-efficient. In addition the highest and the lowest fuel consumption were for gasoline (66.2%) and labors (0.07%). Poultries were the most non-efficient in fuel consumption and were the least non-efficient in chick consumption. The non-efficient use of gasoline is because of the simultaneity of incubation time and cold season, incorrect use management especially in halls and consuming gasoline as a fuel for labors` houses.

Effects of dietary inclusion of rice bran on production performance, carcass characteristics, ileal digestibility of nutrients and some blood parameters were studied using 240 day-old (mixture of male and female chickens) Ross broiler chicken which assigned in a completely randomized design to four treatments with five replicates of 12 birds each. The experimental treatments included control diet and diets containing 2.5, five and 7.5% of rice bran. The results of this study showed that although dietary inclusion of rice bran for all inclusion levels resulted in significant reduction (P0.05). Feeding chicks with diets containing 7.5% rice bran significantly elevatedserum concentration of glucose compared with those fed diets containing 2.5 and 5% rice bran (P

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Humulus lupulus essential oils as an alternative to antibiotic and antioxidant on productive performance, lipids stability of meat and ileum microbial population in broiler chickens during days 1 to 42 of age. A total of 625 day-old Arian broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments (200 and 400 mg/kg Humulus lupulusessential oils, 100 mg/kg antibiotic avilamycin, 150 mg/kg protexin probiotic and control) and five replicates of 25 birds each. Broilers that were fed dietary Humulus lupulus oil at level of 400 mg/kg and antibiotic revealed higher feed intake than broilers fed dietary Humulus lupulusoil at level of 200 mg/kg (P

Limitation of production in different societies, caused increased agricultural production with special emphasis on improving productivity production factors, policymakers considered is. The improved efficiency of productive units and their technology gap is a practical approach to improve the productivity of production factors.
Accordingly, the aim of this study is to analyze the technical efficiency and technology gap of poultry units of Sanandaj.
The required statistics and information was prepared from Agriculture Organization of Kurdistan for the time period of 2009-2012. To conduct this research, econometric approach was used to estimate the stochastic frontier production function and meta frontier production function.
Estimating a frontier production function suggests that technical efficiency for various groups is ranging from 89 to 95 percent and average technical efficiency of cross-border basis function is in the range of 44 to 76 % and groups’ technology gap ratios respectively are 0.46, 0.84 and 0.48, which the second group (units with average capacity) has the most technology gap.
Poultry units with average capacity in terms of the technological gap are in the better situation. That's why all necessary measures in order to adjust production units in order to extend the capacity of farms with a necessary average capacity are recommended.

Production systems in bio-Industries rest on resources management and conversion of various forms of energy. This research is investigated and modelled the energy of broiler production in a non-parametric form. The studied samples consist of 70 broiler productions in Ardabil province which were randomly selected from statistical society of the region. In this study, the equivalent energy consumption was estimated in the mentioned industry and the energy indices were calculated, then the equivalent amount of output energy and performance of system were modelled and estimated, using the artificial neural network models. Based on the obtained results, the total equivalent energy of input and output in broiler production were calculated as 153.79 and 27.45 GJ per 1000 birds, respectively. The most consumable input energy in the broiler production of region belongs to the fossil fuel with 61.48% of the total equivalent energy. Based on the results of artificial neural network, the best structure for modelling of energy consumption of broiler production was estimated 5-14-2 structure with five inputs, one hidden layer with 14 neurons and one output layer with two output parameters. The determination coefficient of the best weight combination for estimating the equivalent energy of broiler and manure production for testing data were obtained 93% and 91%, respectively and for validation data were obtained 98% and 95%. In assessing the effectiveness of inputs on the outputs, the fossil fuel showed the highest sensitivity among the production inputs that reveals the needs for revision of the energy resources more than ever.

Chicken meat has special importance in human nutrition. Behbahan Township occupied 5th rank in chicken meat production between all townships of Khuzestan province. The present study investigated economic aspects of broiler production in this township. For this purpose, Cobb-Douglas production function was estimated and total factor productivityand profitability of the activity was determined. The necessary data was collected by survey and completion of questionnaire from all 44 active broiler farms in this township in 2012. The results showed that the average age and job experience of studied broiler farmers was 43 and 14.5 years, respectively. Meanwhile, 88.5 percent of broiler farms were without technical manager. From producer's viewpoint, price fluctuation, existence of middlemen and change in government policies were three basic problems of broiler industry, respectively. The estimation of production elasticity of inputs showed that one percent increase in labor and feed inputs would increase chicken production by 0.78 and 0.73 percent, respectively. The total factor productivity was 2.23 for all broiler farms, which shows that on an average, the producer earns 2.23 Rials in return for 1 Rial cost of production. By the way, the average cost of production and profit from production of one kilogram of live chicken was determined 1178 Rials, respectively.

The main aim of this study was to investigate level and pattern of primary mortalities of broiler farms، and the effects of different in-farm and out-farm factors. Data from managing cards of 476 damaged farms (from a total of 1،062 units) were obtained from Agri-Bank insurance bureau and mortalities of total and the first three weeks were calculated، transformed in Log10 basis and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and regression statistical methods. Mortalities of total and damaged farms were 24 and 46. 11% and mortalities of the first three weeks were 1. 59، 1. 18 and 4. 17%، respectively. Chick strain، season، farm technical level، ventilation/lighting class، ownership and breeder flock characteristics such as hen age، chick weight، and the titers of four main contagious poultry diseases had no significant effect on 1st week mortality rate. Breeder company، regions of the studied geographic area، farm capacity، number of salons، feed provision method، farm distance to village and between saloon distance significantly affect the first week mortality rate (P<0. 05). Peak of first week mortality was in the fourth day، coincided with the broiler standards from the rate and pattern standpoints. At day 21 and 14، about 41. 1 and 11. 5 percents of farms faced with a serious problem. The regression analysis revealed that total mortality had no relation with first week mortality and after 2 weeks، contagious diseases occurred. This survey demonstrated that first week mortality pattern of broiler farms is near standard; breeder factors was non-significant and the most important factors were geographic situation، salon type and breeder company. Early after the second week، farms faced with different diseases and there was no relation between total farm mortalities and chick qualities.

Poultry meat is one of the most important foods and its economic production is essential. To increase efficiency and productivity of an enterprise، cost of production is needed to be reduced. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of broiler production in the city of Neyshabour. This research was conducted through a census sampling method and interviews with breeders through documents، existing data and fill out a questionnaire for 60 broiler farms that were active in 2013. After the analysis of existing situation، using data collected from the farms، the Cobb-Douglas were estimated. The results revealed that the production function was significant for variables feed costs، health care costs، insurance costs and the energy cost (electricity and fuel). Using the estimated function، indices of average production and marginal production were also calculated. Average productivity costs of feed، health care costs، insurance and energy in all the samples were 0. 0012، 0. 125، 0. 019 and 0. 189، respectively. Marginal productivity costs of feed، health care، insurance and energy were 0. 00087، -0. 0017، 0. 011 and 0. 058، respectively. According to the results، feed cost had the biggest of elasticity of production and that its coefficient was positive which is important point in the enterprise. The elasticity of production of health care costs was negative showing the usage of this input is high. Positive elasticity of insurance and energy costs show that these inputs are used in a rational and optimum way in the broiler farms.

In order to determination of the share of cost factors affecting the cost of chick live weight per kilogram by using multi-criteria decision-making، a study were done in Tehran province. Data were collected through questionnaires. Farms were divided to three cost ranges، 1- less than 35،000، 2-between 35،000 to 40،000 and 3-over 40000 Rails based on production cost per kg of live weight. Performance parameters، including body weight and feed conversion ratio were not different among three groups (p >0. 05). To determine the share of cost factors، the difference between the groups were analyzed by using multi-criteria decision-making methods. Water and additives، staff، vaccines and fuel are the most factors that influence the difference among 3 groups، so they made a big difference in final live weight price. But the effects of diet cost and insurance had lowest effects on final price. The total cost of feed، chicks، personnel، fuel، rent، vaccinated and litter، respectively، 66. 75، 12. 4، 5. 03، 2. 8، 2. 6، and 1. 38 percent of the production costs themselves. The results showed that the average production cost 38،000 Rrails in Tehran province in the summer of 2014.

Avian influenza is a contagious viral disease affecting the respiratory, digestive and nervous system of birds belong to orthomyxovirus family. In the chicken Mx gene, type of amino acid at position 631 determines the antiviral activity against influenza and vesicular stomatitis virus. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 2032, responsible for the variation of amino acid at position 631 (Ser to Asn) of the Mx protein, has been demonstrated to be responsible for positive or negative antiviral activity of Mx proteins., The allele A and G at position 2032 corresponds to the positive and negative antiviral activity, respectively. In order to identify gene polymorphism at Mx locus, 250 blood samples randomly were collected from Sari, Shiraz, Mashhad native fowls breeding station, commercial broiler and layer flocks. DNA was extracted and a fragment with the length of 299 bp from the exon 13 of Mx locus was amplified by a specific primer pairs. PCR-RFLP method was used to identify of polymorphism in coding sequence of the Mx gene using Hpy8I restriction enzyme. The frequency of alleles were estimated A (0.692) and G (0.308) in Sari, A (0.577) and G (0.423) in Shiraz, A (0.604) and G (0.396) in Mashhad, A (0.46) and G (0.54) in commercial broiler and A (0.86) and G (0.14) in layer strain, repectively. According to the observed polymorphism at position 631 of Mx protein and its important role in susceptibility to influenza disease it may be possible to use this marker gene in breeding programs.

An experiment was conducted in a 3×3 factorial arrangement (three different dietary protein levels: Cobb recommendation, 10 and 20 percents lower than that, and three types of feed formulations: 1- diet composed of corn and soybean as a control diet, 2-diet in which wheat, barley, wheat bran and poultry by-product mealwhich were substituted partially instead of corn and soybean of the first diet and its total sulfur containing amino acids, lysine and threonine were equal to total of these amino acids as per first diet and 3- diet which was similar to the second one but its digestible sulfur amino acids, lysine and threonine were equal to digestible amino acids in the first diet.In total, nine dietary treatments and four replicates of 10 chicks per eachtreatment were applied in a completely randomized design. Growth period of broilers was 28 days and they received starter diet at 1-10 days, grower diet at 11-24 and finisher diet at 25-28 days of age. The Interaction effect of diet type and dietary protein level on feed conversion ratio, production index, feed cost to gain and monetary returns per chickens was significant (P<0.05). As in diets formulated based on total amino acids a 10% reduction in dietary protein level resulted in a significant decrease in production index and monetary returns and increase in feed conversion ratio and feed cost to live weight however, in diets formulated based on digestible amino acids 10% reduction in dietary protein in spite of 20% reduction in dietary crude protein causes no significant difference in monetary returns, fed conversion ratio and feed cost to live weight in comparison with group their dietary crude protein was based on Cobb recommendation.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different preslaughter fasting (PF) periods (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h) on live weight loss (LWL), dressed (DCY) and chilled (CCY) carcass yields, water up take ratio (WU) during chilling, crop pH and crop bacterial population of broiler chicken. A sample of 98 mixed-sex Ross broilers provided from a commercial broiler breeder flock at age of 49 days were chosen and randomly allocated to 7 pens; each pen consist of 7 males and 7 females. Prolonged PF significantly decreased the mean live weight of the fasted birds (P<0.05). When data were pooled for male and female birds, live weight loss was 1.902 per cent in 4-h PF and increased to 5.387 per cent after 24-h PF. Chilled carcass yields significantly dropped by 2.5 per cent at 20 h of PF compared to the other treatments. Mean carcass WU with a non linear trend significantly increased for the birds subjected to PF periods either less than 12 or greater than 20 h (P<0.05). The mean pH value of 4.8 for crop contents in control birds significantly increased to 5.75 by 4-h PF (P<0.05), with no considerable changes afterwards. Bacterial count for crop contents revealed a significant increase from 250 (basal count for control group) to 420 cfu/ml in 4-h PF. No significant alteration in bacterial count was observed for prolonged PF periods (P>0.05). The results from this study recommend that duration of feed removal period for commercial broiler chicken prior to slaughter must not exceed 12 h. The negative impacts of pre-slaughter fasting in female broiler chicken were greater than the males.