جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "village" در نشریات گروه "علوم ترویج"

Social laziness leads to a decrease in the efficiency of individuals, employees, and organizations; this issue shows itself more than any other organization in organizations such as cooperatives whose structure requires cooperation and teamwork. This research was carried out with the aim of analyzing social laziness in rural cooperatives of Ilam province using descriptive-correlational methodology. From 143 managers of rural cooperatives, the sample size was estimated to be 103 using the Krejcie and Morgan table. The samples were selected using random sampling method with proportional assignment. The instrument of data collection was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by three members of the academic staff of Ilam University. Its reliability was also calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.91). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. The findings showed that the relationships of the variables work conscience, self-control, job dissatisfaction, lack of progress motivation, and job commitment with social laziness are significant. Multiple regression analysis also showed that the four variables of lack of achievement motivation, job commitment, work conscience, and job dissatisfaction in total explained 53.1% of the changes in dependent variable social laziness. It is suggested that with the aim of valuing the activities of rural cooperatives and increasing the work motivation of people who are active in the field of rural cooperatives, their entrepreneurial opportunities be identified. Also, the issue of entering cooperatives into new fields with relative advantage in the province and increasing the job attractiveness of rural cooperatives should be put on the agenda.

Today, the management of water resources plays an important role in the country's sustainable development process. Despite the many droughts, one of the most economical ways of transporting water with very little wastage is transporting water with pipes. Due to the special climate of southeast Iran, the Sistan region has always suffered from limited water resources, and due to its special geological conditions and the lack of access to underground water and the absence of an internal watershed, it is dependent on the water of the Hirmand river, whose watershed is in Afghanistan. The condition of this catchment area due to the recent droughts, the increase in population and the amount of water taken from this river, the construction of numerous dams, and the increase in the cultivated area has caused the amount of water delivered to Sistan not to be based on the agreements between the two countries, which has caused a water crisis in the Sistan region. The purpose of this research is to predict the economic, social, physical and environmental consequences of the plan to transfer water through pipes to agricultural lands in Sistan region.

The current research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library, documentary and survey studies and was investigated in 1400. The required information was collected by designing and completing a questionnaire with the help of experts related to the water transfer project and rural experts and was analyzed by ARAS model and statistical methods and SPSS and ArcGIS software.

The results of the research, based on the severity of the consequences of the water transfer project, confirm that rural districts located in the east of the Sistan region (including rural districts of Khajea Ahmad, Zahak, Khamak and Jazinak, which are adjacent to the entrance of the Hirmand river to this region) have the highest amount of negative effects of the implementation of the water transfer project. Also, the results of the Friedman test show that at the level of 99% confidence, there is a significant difference between the level of negative consequences of the plan in different economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions. On the other hand, the results of the research in examining the overall results of the positive and negative consequences of the plan to transfer water by pipes to agricultural lands confirm that despite the existence of negative consequences in all dimensions, the overall results of the plan are positive and the most effects of the plan with averages of 0.252 and 0.230 are related to its social and economic dimensions, respectively.

Despite the fact that the implementation of the piped water transfer project to agricultural lands is aimed at the fair distribution of incoming water from Afghanistan (stored in the Nimha well) and in order to prevent the migration of rural households in Sistan and  despite the predominance of short-term positive consequences over the negative aspects of the plan, it will be inevitable to accept its long-term negative consequences, which requires the adoption of optimal approaches to reduce negative consequences. According to the results, in order to achieve the goals of the plan and provide a sustainable water source and focus on reducing the negative consequences of the plan, it is suggested to pursue Sistan's water rights through diplomacy and strengthening bargaining power with Afghans.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social responsibility on creating customer value with the mediating role of customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior and improving service delivery and the moderating role of customer empowerment behaviors in Oramanat region. The sampling method of this study was available, and included 384 people. The assessment tool in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire. Statistical analyzes were performed using structural equation methods. The statistical population of this study is all employees of ecotourism and hospitality resorts in the Oramanat region in Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces. The results showed that social responsibility promotes social development in rural areas. The results of the study indicated that special attention should be paid to the empowerment of tourists. The results of this study showed that people who work as investors in the field of tourism, can provide better services by training in eco-tourism and hospitality sector, and tourists who have a pleasant interaction with staff and officials, are eager to share their experiences.

Drought, as one of the environmental hazards, has harmful effects on the environment. This study aimed at investigating the drought trends and their effects on the economic, social and environmental situations of the rural settlements of Kurdistan province in Iran. It was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population consisted of 384 household heads of the province. In order to determine the drought status, in the first place, the precipitation over a period of 27 years (1987-2014) was investigated on the basis of Standard Precipitation index (SPI); then, the effects and consequences of droughts were explained in a survey method through a questionnaire. Results of SPI showed that the counties of Ghorveh with 19, Bijar and Sanandaj each one with 17, Saqez and Baneh each one with 16, Zarrineh with 15 and Marivan with 14 years had experienced mild to severe droughts. Factor analysis results indicated that the economic, environmental and social factors could explain 55.03 percent of total variance (22.91 percent for the economic, 17.27 percent for the environmental and 14.85 percent for the social factors); in addition, three variables including decrease in income level with 0.782, decrease in spring water discharge with 0.705 and migration with 0.766 percent had the most drought effects. In order to improve the livelihood and sustainability of the rural settlements, the use of dam water storage, development of horticultural system, training the farmers to diversify the rural occupations and jobs are some of the recommended solutions.

The main purpose of this study was to identify and develop a model for food security of rural households by applying the grounded theory approach. It was an applied research in terms of the objective and a mixed exploratory study in terms of data collection method. The participants consisted of all the experts familiar with food security issues (including nutrition, health, agricultural extension and education, and food and medicine experts as well as the typical farmers and experts of Agriculture-Jahad Organization of Ilam province). The purposeful and snowball sampling methods were used to select 18 experts of the participants, based on theoretical saturation criterion. The data were analyzed through the three stages of open, axial and selective coding.Findings revealed that the studied model consisted of6 categories, 16 sub-categories and 62 concepts, including:causal conditions (health and environmental threats), contextual factors (household food patterns, socio-cultural conditions), axial category (existence of enough food, food availability, food intake stability, established food health), strategies (supply healthy food with proper consumption pattern, crisis management, sustainable agricultural development, increasing educational and support services), environmental interventions (welfare and economic support, management support and programming, educational and health support) and outcomes (stopping the decline and improving the health and nutrition of rural consumers). The results of coding stages and analyses with a qualitative approach in the whole theory led to the model design. Finally, the conceptual model and components of the model were presented along with the related components and indicators.

To achieving rural development Cooperatives as a third pillar of the country's economy plays a vital role.  Cooperatives improve the efficiency of financial, human and natural resources and enhance economic activity.  This study presents strategies for rural development in two regions Hamadan and Bahar township of Hamadan province.  In this study, SWOT and ANP multi-criteria decision-making models were used.  Using the community elite's opinion, strategies were identified by the SWOT matrix and then strategic goals ranked with a multi-criteria decision-making model. Based on the results, the high number of decision-makers and the membership of co-operative managers in other communities are the most important strengths and opportunities point. The mismatch between available credit and needs and market instability (inflation and recession) are the most important strengths and weaknesses point face-off cooperatives.  According to the results of the ANP model, increased supervision and support of the cooperative sector in law, management of available resources and assignment of further activities to the cooperative sector with weight 0.195, 0.174 and 0.127 are in priority. Strategic goals should be of interest to planners and policymakers in decision-making. Overall, the co-operative sector needs more government support and law's rule oversight and proper management of available resources, especially labor and natural resources. It is suggested that the government act as a supervisor by delegating more activities to the members of the Cooperatives and to provide farmers with lesser bureaucracy in coordination with subsidiary organizations.

This study aimed at evaluating the tendency to migrate to the city and investigating its effective factors in residents of Garizat rural district in Yazd province of Iran. It was conducted in a survey method and the statistical sample consisted of 343 residents aged 15-55 years old in this rural district selected by multi-stage sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The factors affecting the rural people’s tendency to urban migration were classified in four factors including population, economic, social and repulsion of the village. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that disappointment of villages, rural economic repulsion, eye and mind, age, and mother education variables had the most effect on the tendency to migrate to the city, respectively. The study results showed that social and psychological factors played a more decisive role in the tendency to make immigration decisions than economic factors.

This study aimed at investigating the effects of rural tourism development on different cultural aspects in the host society. Data analysis was conducted through a TOPSIS Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model. The results indicated that in the scope under study, tourism was effective in appearance of cultural changes. In addition, there was a significant correlation between tourism development and cultural changes in the studied villages. Furthermore, most effects could be observed in fashion, food consumption, expansion of consumerism, family relations, native language and accent, participation and security feelings. Therefore, it might be claimed that tourism development not only had no contribution to the survival of local culture in these fields, but also jeopardized them with different threats in the studied villages.

Small cities development through promoting the large villages and prone to becoming a city is one of the most important measures taken aiming at improving and increasing the life standards in rural districts. This research aimed at studyingthe creation of small cities and its effects on the surrounding villages. The study area wasFerdowsiyehcity and its surrounding villages includingYousefabadSeyrafi, Ramin, and Vastar located in the central district of Shahriar County of Iran. It was a descriptive-analytic research in terms of methodology. The requireddata was collected through documentary and field studies. The sample size was selected 379 persons through Cochran formula. The data obtained from the research was evaluated and measured using the statistical models of rank-size rule and SWOT matrix. Results showed that the normal distribution of population had no positive function in the area and failed to reduce inequalities among settlements and as well as to improve hierarchical system of settlement. Moreover, theinadequate and insufficient educational, cultural, health and medical facilities were found to be as the most important internal weaknesses.

This study aimed at assessing solutions for improving occupational empowerment of rural female-headed households. Female-headed households in Shirvan (N=3287) formed the population of this descriptive- correlation study. The sample size was determined by using Cochran's formula (n=120), and two-stage cluster sampling method was used for selecting samples. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of academic experts. Pre-test and calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure the reliability (0.75-0.87). The data were analyzed using SPSS 20. The results showed that the main cause of women to be head of households was the death of their husbands; there had been covered 44.20% of respondents by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) and 5.80% by the General Directorate of Social Welfare, and 50% had not been covered by any of the funding agencies. Using factor analysis method, solutions for improving occupational empowerment of rural female-headed households were catagorized into four factors including: training-supportive, individual-psychological, housing, job training, warranty and support through institutions, and social and health insurance. These factors could explain 60.42% of the total variance of strategies to improve job empowerment of rural female-headed households.